{"title":"The influence of the incident angles variation on the accuracy of TLS point cloud based on surface reflectivity and roughness","authors":"B. Mala, Dleen Al-shrafany","doi":"10.24271/psr.2024.188486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2024.188486","url":null,"abstract":"The accuracy of measuring TLS point clouds depends on the measuring travel time, range detector, and surface properties. TLS conducted interesting experimental tests to examine the effect of different scanned materials in terms of reflectivity and surface roughness on the quality of the measured TLS data at different incident angles. Different types of materials specifically (wood, glass, steel, Ekoplast, and adhesive total station target) were selected for this purpose. During the experiments, 24 scans were measured as the selected four materials scanned at six incident angles (0˚, 15˚, 30˚, 45˚, 60˚, and 75˚) while the range was fixed to about 5m. The experiment’s results reveal that smooth surfaces are more highly affected by the accuracy of the measured 3D point clouds than rough surfaces at different incident angles. At 0˚ incident angle, the total station target reflects about 20cm closer to the scanner than the other materials; this difference decreases with increasing incident angle. At 75˚ incidence angle, the difference decreases to become approximately 2mm in comparison to the other materials. The maximum RMSE of rough materials is less than 1cm except for wood material at 30˚, while the Maximum RMSE for smooth materials reaches 4cm in 45˚ glass material. Furthermore, different materials have different intensities, both smooth materials, glass and steel, have different levels of accuracy due to different properties. The minimum RMSE in glass is 1.47cm, and the maximum RMSE for steel reaches 1.17cm.","PeriodicalId":508608,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140518085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Digital Twin Framework for Real-time Monitoring of Robot-Arm in Construction Site","authors":"Ahmed Ali","doi":"10.24271/psr.2024.188549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2024.188549","url":null,"abstract":"In recent times, there has been notable progress in the advancement of robotic arm utilization within construction operations, either as replacements for or collaborators with human labour, enhancing the efficiency of task execution. However, the integration of robot arms at construction sites introduces a pronounced susceptibility to potential accidents, necessitating vigilant and ongoing supervision. Concurrently, significant strides have been witnessed in enhancing the quality and safety oversight of robotic arms within the industrial domain. In light of these developments, this scholarly article presents an innovative framework for the real-time onsite monitoring of robotic arms engaged in indoor construction activities, underpinned by the foundational principles of the Digital Twin paradigm, referred to as iTWIN. The articulated framework comprises two interrelated modules: (1) iTWIN-visualize, a dynamic system engendering a contemporaneous digital emulation of the target activity to facilitate comprehensive quality assessment and progressive monitoring, and (2) iTWIN-monitor, a component dedicated to the identification and demarcation of hazardous zones, concomitantly tracking the movement patterns of onsite personnel to ensure their safety. The conceptual model is substantiated and validated through an illustrative case study, wherein the efficacy and viability of the proposed system are rigorously examined. The empirical findings gleaned from the study incontrovertibly establish the successful realization of a digital twin representation of the designated construction activity concomitant with the robust surveillance of worker well-being. The discernible outcomes augur a prospective trajectory wherein the pervasive adoption of the iTWIN framework is anticipated to engender heightened precision and safety in the integration of robotic arms within the construction milieu, thereby enhancing operational accuracy and minimizing potential risks.","PeriodicalId":508608,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139638494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Real-Time Predictive Maintenance System of Industrial Equipment without Historical Failure Data","authors":"Mohammed E. Bahar, Abed A. Schokry, M. Alhanjouri","doi":"10.24271/psr.2024.188571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2024.188571","url":null,"abstract":"Predictive maintenance (PdM) appears to predict faults before they occur because unexpected industrial equipment failures directly affect workers' safety, cost, and work continuity. In this context, developing a PdM system needs historical data for failures, but those data are not available in our case, which is a sewage centrifugal pump, where failures had not been recorded before. Therefore, this research aims to develop a system for PdM that works efficiently in real-time and does not need historical data for failures; it can also predict failures at different periods and conditions. The \"Data-Driven\" method is a suitable methodology to apply to conditions data; also, time series forecasting and anomaly detection (AD) are the most applicable models for the studied case. The Main Bearing Temperature was chosen in the models because it is the most applicable parameter. The models' performance was evaluated in two ways: accuracy and resource consumption (execution time and RAM). After that, the most important accuracy metrics are a root mean square error (RMSE) for forecasting models and excess Mass and Mass Volume for AD models. The experimental results presented \"TBATS\" as the best forecast model and QuantileAD from the \"ADTK\" model as the best AD method.","PeriodicalId":508608,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140525650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Combining MPLS with Ad-hoc routing protocols for a VANET congestion alert","authors":"G. Kadir, Hadil Hassan","doi":"10.24271/psr.2024.188569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2024.188569","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the vehicle industry has heavily invested in adding communication capabilities to exchange data among vehicles through wireless technology. This is already implemented in cars deployed in large cities around the world, such as buses and police vehicles. The Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) simplifies network deployment for data exchange. This is due to its infrastructure, which does not require a pre-setup arrangement. Vehicles on the road can form a network to exchange data dynamically and handle the routing task of the data. The only major challenge is the high speed of the vehicles, which makes the network extremely dynamic and necessitates immediate data processing before the link is destroyed due to vehicle movement. Therefore, delays in processing data are critical. The delay occurs because of the IP-based addressing mode used in the routing tables, which creates overhead. An alternative approach for sophisticated IP-lookup table routing is Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS). It is a promising data forwarding technique that increases the speed and controls the data exchange by using labels to forward the data. This paper proposes a concept that combines the capabilities of a VANET network connected to an MPLS-based infrastructure located on roadsides through different scenarios in a simulation environment by using the OPNET modeller 14.5 simulator, and two sorts of ad hoc routing protocols, reactive and proactive, are compared. The results showed that the proposed concept provides an improvement in performance and can be used to detect vehicle congestion and alert drivers to avoid certain roads.","PeriodicalId":508608,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140517835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tensor decomposition-based compression and noise reduction of multichannel ECG signals","authors":"Thomas Schanze","doi":"10.24271/psr.2024.188575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2024.188575","url":null,"abstract":"The electrocardiogram (ECG) is an important diagnostic tool in medicine. During a recording, ECG waveforms may change due to intrinsic processes, changes in recording parameters, such as recording electrode properties, and especially artefacts, e.g., electromagnetic hum or noise. Clearly, signal distortion can adversely affect medical decisions. In recent years, a variety of signal processing methods have been introduced to remove noise from signals. One of these methods is singular value decomposition (SVD)-based denoising, in which QRS-aligned sections of a signal channel are arranged in a matrix, which is then decomposed into singular values and left and right singular vectors. However, the right combination of these components can result in surprisingly good noise reduction. For multichannel recordings, this approach can be applied to each single channel. This means that cross-channel correlations, i.e., signal correlations between channels, cannot be used. An obvious extension for the analysis of QRS-aligned multichannel signal sections is their representation by a three-dimensional array, i.e., a third-order tensor with the dimensions time, segment and channel. Here, we show how to denoise tensorized QRS-aligned multichannel ECG sections, each comprising P-wave, QRS-complex, and T-wave, by higher-order singular value decomposition (HOSVD). We present a method for combining HOSVD components for denoising,","PeriodicalId":508608,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139631164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of the UAV Capability for Measuring Building's Cracks Dimensions","authors":"F. Abdulrahman, S. Adam","doi":"10.24271/psr.2024.188472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2024.188472","url":null,"abstract":"This research uses Unmanned Aerial vehicles (UAVs) as a platform to examine and monitor a building. It concentrates on inspecting building flaws, particularly cracks, utilizing UAV photogrammetry, which is the focus of this study. The reason for using a building as an object in this work is that the building maintenance team can evaluate, which can support providing trustworthy crack information on buildings. The building chosen for this work contains a reasonable amount of cracks, making it suitable. The methodology and procedures are used to take images of cracks in the building. The software can determine the size of the cracks based on 518 photos taken with a UAV. The 3D model of the building is created by using Agisoft Photoscan software to receive an overview of the building dimensions. The measurement of cracks is also being processed using Photomodeler software. The results showed that the capability of the UAV imagery can aid present surveying operations, particularly on building maintenance. It also indicates that cracks appeared on buildings from 0.72cm to 3.24cm in a certain altitude. The Root Mean Square (RMS) error obtained from comparing the actual and measured value of cracks was ±0.70 cm with the help of 114 GCPs distributed all over the building.","PeriodicalId":508608,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"281 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139636433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeegir Ahmed, Jeger Ismail, Y. Al-Kamaki, Pargar M.Saleem Mahmood
{"title":"Evaluation of the Cost Effectiveness of Three Different Structural Systems for Tall Buildings","authors":"Jeegir Ahmed, Jeger Ismail, Y. Al-Kamaki, Pargar M.Saleem Mahmood","doi":"10.24271/psr.2024.188490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2024.188490","url":null,"abstract":"New tall building developments of ever-increasing heights have been taking place around the world. The structural system of a high-rise building is designed to withstand vertical gravity loads as well as lateral forces induced by wind or seismic activity. The structural system consists only of the members designed to carry the loads, and all other members are referred to as non-structural. The structural system for a high-rise structure is determined by the selection and arrangement of the primary structural elements to withstand the different combinations of gravity and lateral loads as effectively as possible. A high-rise building needs to be stabilized for horizontal loads, and to achieve this; several different structural systems can be chosen. All the different systems have evolved from the traditional rigidly jointed structural frame. The fundamental design for all these structural systems has been to place as much of the load-carrying material as possible around the building’s external fringe to maximize its flexural rigidity. This study has concentrated on three of these structural systems: the rigid frame system, the dual system, and the shear wall system. These systems were chosen because of their common use in the region. This study aims to evaluate the three structural systems and figure out which system is the most cost-effective to utilize based on the number of floors (10, 20, and 30) as well as the minimum element cross-section and reinforcement ratio. This will be provided by static checking (dynamical is required) of the results obtained from ETABS. Following the completion of the work using ETABS 2016 and comparing the systems in terms of strength and economy, the findings were as follows: the most economical system for 10 floors is the rigid frame system, the shear wall system for 20 floors, and the shear wall system for 30 floors.","PeriodicalId":508608,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"69 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139638711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simulation for Pedestrians’ Thermal Comfort in Commercial Streets in Mosul-Iraq (According to Iraqi commercial building regulations)","authors":"Turki Ali, Ali Saad Ali","doi":"10.24271/psr.2024.188551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2024.188551","url":null,"abstract":"The shopping activity has occupied great importance within the urban activities, which have social and economic revenues for a high number of urban inhabitants. Commercial activities witnessed widespread in Mosul city, many streets changed their land use to commercial ones, reaching 11 Km in length in 2007, which formed in accordance with the applicable old and imported building regulations in Iraq. These regulations don't take into account the specificity of our hot, dry climate, which causes uncomfortable urban spaces for pedestrians and forces the building owners to roof their building facades with sheds. Studying urban micro-climate is important because of the high number of involved users. This paper aims to assess the thermal comfort of pedestrians in typical commercial streets in the city and study to what extent the proposed urban design solution will improve the thermal condition. The study will be performed with the numerical model ENVI-met, in which the influence of different street sections will be simulated. The results of this study give legislators the evidence to review building regulations in Iraq generally, and Mosul in particular, to meet the requirements of urban sustainability.","PeriodicalId":508608,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"17 s2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139633332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimization of Steel Truss Using Genetic Algorithm","authors":"Idrees Mahmood, Salim Yousif, Honar Issa","doi":"10.24271/psr.2024.188476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2024.188476","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an optimization study is presented, focusing on steel trusses. The main goal of this study is to reduce the weight of truss structures using a Genetic Algorithm (GA), which is a widely acknowledged evolutionary-based method known for its efficiency in solving intricate optimization problems. The design problem formulation takes into account various constraints, such as displacement, tensile stress, and minimum size requirements. These constraints are implemented in MATLAB, utilizing the ANSI/AISC 360-16 Specification as a guideline for designing tension and compression members. To determine the optimal design, the approach involves considering discrete design variables. This is achieved by selecting sections from a database containing all available steel sections specified in the AISC Steel Construction Manual, ensuring practical and feasible design solutions. The efficiency of the algorithm is validated through its application to several plane truss types. Through a comparison of the outcomes obtained from the proposed algorithm with the results generated by CSI-ETABS software, it is demonstrated that this approach consistently yields better weight optimization. Overall, the study showcases the effectiveness of the GA-based algorithm in optimizing the weight of steel trusses. The results and implications of the findings are thoroughly discussed in the paper; this study has the potential to make a substantial contribution to the field of structural optimization and design.","PeriodicalId":508608,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"44 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139635552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"RESEMBLING THE MORPHOLOGIES OF ECG SIGNALS USING REGULARIZED DENOISING AUTOENCODER","authors":"F. Samann, T. Schanze","doi":"10.24271/psr.2024.188577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2024.188577","url":null,"abstract":"ECG recording often requires an effective method of denoising to provide a clean signal for an accurate and valid diagnosis. Denoising autoencoder (DAE) has shown optimistic results in denoising ECG signals, especially a simple DAE consisting of input, hidden, and output layers. However, to obtain a good and efficient denoising, the optimal number of hidden neurons needs to be estimated. If the number of neurons in the hidden layer is less than those of the input or output layer, a dimension reduction occurs, which is known as the ‘bottleneck effect’. This forces the DAE network to learn the relevant feature map of the input during training. Here, we propose a framework to denoise the ECG segments using a regularized denoising autoencoder (RDAE), with one hidden layer only, where the bottleneck effect is introduced by applying a sparsity penalty or regularizations to the weights to learn sparse feature maps instead of the redundant information in the input signals. In this work, 𝑳 𝟏 and 𝑳 𝟐 Kernel regularizations are evaluated in terms of denoising ECG signals. The optimal regularization parameter is evaluated using a statistical method known as the Gini index, to find the optimal trained decoding weights which resemble the morphologies of the ECG signal efficiently. In conclusion, the 𝑳 𝟏 - and 𝑳 𝟐 -RDAE models with a suitable regularization parameter can effectively capture features that resemble the morphologies of ECG signals from its noisy version with an average signal-to-noise ratio improvement of 13.60 dB and 10 dB, respectively.","PeriodicalId":508608,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140525888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}