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The Old English gerund in ‑enne or ‑anne 用 -enne 或 -anne 表示的古英语动名词
NOWELE / North-Western European Language Evolution Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1075/nowele.00082.ver
A. Versloot
{"title":"The Old English gerund in ‑enne or ‑anne","authors":"A. Versloot","doi":"10.1075/nowele.00082.ver","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/nowele.00082.ver","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article discusses the historical form of the gerund in Old English, attested both as ‑enne\u0000 and ‑anne. The former is commonly considered to be the historical form, while the latter is thought to have\u0000 resulted from analogical levelling on the basis of the infinitive that ended in ‑an. The primacy of\u0000 ‑enne is based on the assumption that i-mutation in unstressed syllables worked to the same\u0000 extent as in stressed ones, but it is argued that the working of sound laws can be dependent on stress and the quality of the\u0000 mutation factor. In this paper, I propose that the order should be reversed and that ‑anne is the historical\u0000 form, while ‑enne probably shows phonological reduction in word-internal position.","PeriodicalId":508604,"journal":{"name":"NOWELE / North-Western European Language Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140686657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stationen der frühen nordgermanischen Sprachgeschichte 早期北日耳曼语言的历史阶段
NOWELE / North-Western European Language Evolution Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1075/nowele.00084.sch
M. Schulte
{"title":"Stationen der frühen nordgermanischen Sprachgeschichte","authors":"M. Schulte","doi":"10.1075/nowele.00084.sch","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/nowele.00084.sch","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The article presents a new periodization of the language of the older runic inscriptions (until 750 AD) by dividing the whole period into four subperiods instead of two (i.e. in contrast to Krause’s dichotomy of Frühurnordisch and Späturnordisch). The study focuses on the earliest layers of runic inscriptions in older fuþark, namely the pre-classical and classical group prior to 400/450 AD. The new runic finds from Svingerud in Norway reinforce the notion of an archaic, pre-classical runic layer, starting already c. 1/50 AD. In order to distinguish a pre-classical Nordic period, the nominative singular masculine of the weak n-stems is viewed as a decisive criterion, in particular the masculine nouns in -o. In addition, the article presents a valid diagnostic criterion to distinguish between ‘post-classical’ and ‘transitional’ inscriptions, viz. the phoneme-grapheme-correspondences of the starlike rune . The result of this approach is a quadripartite division of the older-fuþark inscriptions that bridges that span between late North-West Germanic and early Old Norse.","PeriodicalId":508604,"journal":{"name":"NOWELE / North-Western European Language Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140686910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Review of Timofeeva (2022): Sociolinguistic Variation in Old English: Records of Communities and People 评论 Timofeeva (2022)：古英语的社会语言变异：族群与民族的记录
NOWELE / North-Western European Language Evolution Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1075/nowele.00085.rau
Christine Rauer
{"title":"Review of Timofeeva (2022): Sociolinguistic Variation in Old English: Records of Communities and People","authors":"Christine Rauer","doi":"10.1075/nowele.00085.rau","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/nowele.00085.rau","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":508604,"journal":{"name":"NOWELE / North-Western European Language Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140686122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Addenda zum Etymologischen Wörterbuch der friesischen Adjektiva, Teil III 弗里斯兰形容词词源词典》增编，第三部分
NOWELE / North-Western European Language Evolution Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1075/nowele.00083.fal
V. Faltings
{"title":"Addenda zum Etymologischen Wörterbuch der friesischen Adjektiva, Teil III","authors":"V. Faltings","doi":"10.1075/nowele.00083.fal","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/nowele.00083.fal","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000When the Etymologisches Wörterbuch der friesischen Adjektiva appeared in 2010, the author was well aware that with the complexity of the Frisian linguistic situation and its often unpublished handwritten sources, he would have missed one or two interesting adjectives. Thirteen additional Frisian adjectives have meanwhile been found in other until now less regarded lexicographic material: germ. *auþa‑ ‘easy’, *ferhwta‑ ‘endowed with a good spirit’, *gillja‑ ‘gaping, protruding’, *hlaupja‑ ‘unpicking, riving’, *krupila‑ ‘crippled’, *lega‑ ‘lying’, *lunka‑ ‘smirched, blotted’, *mūka‑ ‘mellow’, *slunka‑ ‘of reduced quality’, *stamara‑ ‘stammering’, *stamma‑ ‘talking inhibited’, *straka‑ ‘streched’, *sturra‑ ‘stiff, standing off rigidly’. These adjectives will be subjected to an etymological investigation below. This article is the third supplement with such analyses.","PeriodicalId":508604,"journal":{"name":"NOWELE / North-Western European Language Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140686379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Óláfr pái Hǫskuldsson’s landing in Ireland (Laxdæla saga) in light of the Irish law of the shore 从爱尔兰海岸法看 Óláfr pái Hǫskuldsson 在爱尔兰的登陆（Laxdæla 传奇
NOWELE / North-Western European Language Evolution Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1075/nowele.00081.say
William Sayers
{"title":"Óláfr pái Hǫskuldsson’s landing in Ireland (Laxdæla saga) in light of the Irish law\u0000 of the shore","authors":"William Sayers","doi":"10.1075/nowele.00081.say","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/nowele.00081.say","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article compares the commercial knowledge of a Norwegian skipper in the Icelandic Laxdæla\u0000 saga with the medieval Irish law of the shore, now accessible in recently edited Irish legal tracts. His knowledge of\u0000 Ireland is matched by the ship’s master, Óláfr paí Hǫskuldsson, son of an enslaved mother but grandson of an\u0000 Irish king. The essay reviews the possibility of cultural transfers from the medieval Norse-Celtic world of Ireland and the\u0000 Scottish Isles to settlement-era Iceland in the spheres of story-telling, law, and governance.","PeriodicalId":508604,"journal":{"name":"NOWELE / North-Western European Language Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140689768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Runic fragments from the Svingerud grave field in Norway 挪威斯温格鲁德墓地的符文碎片
NOWELE / North-Western European Language Evolution Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1075/nowele.00080.zil
Kristel Zilmer, Krister S.K. Vasshus
{"title":"Runic fragments from the Svingerud grave field in Norway","authors":"Kristel Zilmer, Krister S.K. Vasshus","doi":"10.1075/nowele.00080.zil","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/nowele.00080.zil","url":null,"abstract":"In 2021–2023, several rune-inscribed sandstone fragments were discovered by archaeologists of the Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo, at a Roman Iron Age grave field by the Svingerud road at Hole in eastern Norway. Several of these fragments fit together as parts of one larger sandstone slab. The main fragment with multiple inscriptions was unearthed in a flat grave (cremation) in November 2021. Radiocarbon dating of the organic material dated the burial to before 300 CE (Solheim et al., forthcoming). This article provides a detailed runological and linguistic account of the inscribed fragments, as of July 2023. The focus is on the main finds, while the work on numerous small fragments is ongoing. This find may shed new light on the features and functions of early runic writing.","PeriodicalId":508604,"journal":{"name":"NOWELE / North-Western European Language Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139182630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Zur Eindeutschung slawischer Ortsnamen in Bayern 关于巴伐利亚斯拉夫地名的日耳曼化
NOWELE / North-Western European Language Evolution Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1075/nowele.00079.bic
H. Bichlmeier
{"title":"Zur Eindeutschung slawischer Ortsnamen in Bayern","authors":"H. Bichlmeier","doi":"10.1075/nowele.00079.bic","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/nowele.00079.bic","url":null,"abstract":"The way in which Slavic names in Bavaria have been transmitted into Old High German has been well researched already, but open questions remain. It is possible to date the loan processes when the names contain sounds with diagnostic value or show datable sound changes, such as the metathesis of liquids or the rounding of Proto-Slavic *a to Common Slavic *o or when Slavic *b is substituted by OHG *v > f. The integration of Slavic names into OHG started before 800 and came to an end around 1100. The way in which Slavic *ě was loaned also might play a role in dating these processes, but the situation remains unclear so far: Mostly it appears as OHG e, ē, but in a few cases there is a resulting sound containing /i/. This sound may have come into existence either by an early integration of Slavic *ě as OHG *ē2 or when a younger Sorbian raising of *ě to some i-diphthong had already taken place.","PeriodicalId":508604,"journal":{"name":"NOWELE / North-Western European Language Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139182463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
End-weight at its most dynamic 最有活力的末端重量
NOWELE / North-Western European Language Evolution Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1075/nowele.00078.sch
Julia Schlüter, G. Rohdenburg
{"title":"End-weight at its most dynamic","authors":"Julia Schlüter, G. Rohdenburg","doi":"10.1075/nowele.00078.sch","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/nowele.00078.sch","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution supports and extends the principle of end-weight, first formulated by Quirk et al. (1972) to describe the tendency of heavy constituents to appear late in a sentence. Developing this principle further, we argue that it favours the addition of (functionally non-neutral) morphological markers to sentence-final constituents, which are typically characterized by prosodic prominence. The markers we study are undergoing diachronic establishment or loss and are thus temporarily variable. They represent rather diverse categories in different West Germanic languages and varieties (English, Northern Low German, Frisian) and have been gathered from different periods. Examples include inflectional endings of nouns, adjectives, finite verbs and infinitives, pro-form uses of possessives and the adjective other, prepositional choices, the a-prefix and periphrastic doon ‘do’. We suggest that end-weight is scalar, with absolute sentence-final position producing the strongest effects.","PeriodicalId":508604,"journal":{"name":"NOWELE / North-Western European Language Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139182925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The rise and fall and rise of the digraph 〈oa〉 in English 位格〈oa〉在英语中的兴衰与发展
NOWELE / North-Western European Language Evolution Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1075/nowele.00077.ste
Gjertrud F. Stenbrenden
{"title":"The rise and fall and rise of the digraph 〈oa〉 in English","authors":"Gjertrud F. Stenbrenden","doi":"10.1075/nowele.00077.ste","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/nowele.00077.ste","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper examines the history of the digraph 〈oa〉 in English: it is relatively rare in OE and early ME, falls out of use in late ME, and reappears in the late fifteenth century. Different lexemes have been spelt with 〈oa〉 in the different language periods, but in the majority of cases, the vowel so represented is the reflex of early ME /ɔ:/ or OE o in an open syllable; hence, the digraph is clearly phonetically conditioned. The paper also investigates the graphotactic constraints on the orthographic variants 〈oa〉, 〈oCe〉, 〈oe〉.","PeriodicalId":508604,"journal":{"name":"NOWELE / North-Western European Language Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139183079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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