{"title":"Isolated in a technologically connected world?: Changes in the core professional ties of female researchers in Ghana, Kenya, and Kerala, India.","authors":"B Paige Miller, Wesley Shrum","doi":"10.1111/j.1533-8525.2012.01229.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2012.01229.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using panel data gathered across two waves (2001 and 2005) from researchers in Ghana, Kenya, and Kerala, India, we examine three questions: (1) To what extent do gender differences exist in the core professional networks of scientists in low-income areas? (2) How do gender differences shift over time? (3) Does use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) mediate the relationship between gender and core network composition? Our results indicate that over a period marked by dramatic increases in access to and use of various ICTs, the composition and size of female researchers core professional ties have either not changed significantly or have changed in an unexpected direction. Indeed, the size of women's ties are retracting over time rather than expanding.</p>","PeriodicalId":508532,"journal":{"name":"The Sociological Quarterly","volume":"53 2","pages":"143-65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2012.01229.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30635687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Confrontations and donations: encounters between homeless pet owners and the public.","authors":"Leslie Irvine, Kristina N Kahl, Jesse M Smith","doi":"10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01224.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01224.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines the interactions between homeless pet owners and the domiciled public with a focus on how the activities of pet ownership help construct positive personal identities. Homeless people are often criticized for having pets. They counter these attacks using open and contained responses to stigmatization. More often, they redefine pet ownership to incorporate how they provide for their animals, challenging definitions that require a physical home. Homeless pet owners thus create a positive moral identity by emphasizing that they feed their animals first and give them freedom that the pets of the domiciled lack. Through what we call “enabled resistance,” donations of pet food from the supportive public provide the resources to minimize the impact of stigmatization.</p>","PeriodicalId":508532,"journal":{"name":"The Sociological Quarterly","volume":"53 1","pages":"25-43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01224.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30454787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Watching the detectives: crime programming, fear of crime, and attitudes about the criminal justice system.","authors":"Lisa A Kort-Butler, Kelley J Sittner Hartshorn","doi":"10.1111/j.1533-8525.2010.01191.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2010.01191.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research demonstrates a complex relationship between television viewing and fear of crime. Social critics assert that media depictions perpetuate the dominant cultural ideology about crime and criminal justice. This article examines whether program type differentially affects fear of crime and perceptions of the crime rate. Next, it tests whether such programming differentially affects viewers' attitudes about the criminal justice system, and if these relationships are mediated by fear. Results indicated that fear mediated the relationship between viewing nonfictional shows and lack of support for the justice system. Viewing crime dramas predicted support for the death penalty, but this relationship was not mediated by fear. News viewership was unrelated to either fear or attitudes. The results support the idea that program type matters when it comes to understanding people's fear of crime and their attitudes about criminal justice.</p>","PeriodicalId":508532,"journal":{"name":"The Sociological Quarterly","volume":"52 1","pages":"36-55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2010.01191.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29686672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"School discipline and disruptive classroom behavior: the moderating effects of student perceptions.","authors":"Sandra M Way","doi":"10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01210.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01210.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines the relationship between school discipline and student classroom behavior. A traditional deterrence framework predicts that more severe discipline will reduce misbehavior. In contrast, normative perspectives suggest that compliance depends upon commitment to rules and authority, including perceptions of fairness and legitimacy. Using school and individual-level data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 and multilevel regression modeling, the author finds support for the normative perspective. Students who perceive school authority as legitimate and teacher–student relations as positive are rated as less disruptive. While perceptions of fairness also predict lower disruptions, the effects are mediated by positive teacher–student relations. Contrary to the deterrence framework, more school rules and higher perceived strictness predicts more, not less, disruptive behavior. In addition, a significant interaction effect suggests that attending schools with more severe punishments may have the unintended consequence of generating defiance among certain youth.</p>","PeriodicalId":508532,"journal":{"name":"The Sociological Quarterly","volume":"52 3","pages":"346-75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01210.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30250382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Playful biometrics: controversial technology through the lens of play.","authors":"Ariane Ellerbrok","doi":"10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01218.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01218.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article considers the role of play in the context of technological emergence and expansion, particularly as it relates to recently emerging surveillance technologies. As a case study, I consider the trajectory of automated face recognition—a biometric technology of numerous applications, from its more controversial manifestations under the rubric of national security to a clearly emerging orientation toward play. This shift toward “playful” biometrics—or from a technology traditionally coded as “hard” to one now increasingly coded as “soft”—is critical insofar as it renders problematic the traditional modes of critique that have, up until this point, challenged the expansion of biometric systems into increasingly ubiquitous realms of everyday life. In response to this dynamic, I propose theorizing the expansion of face recognition specifically in relation to “play,” a step that allows us to broaden the critical space around newly emerging playful biometrics, as well as playful surveillance more generally. In addition, play may also have relevance for theorizing other forms of controversial technology, particularly given its potential role in processes of obfuscation, normalization, and marginalization.</p>","PeriodicalId":508532,"journal":{"name":"The Sociological Quarterly","volume":"52 4","pages":"528-47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01218.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30329884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How culture shapes community: bible belief, theological unity, and a sense of belonging in religious congregations.","authors":"Samuel Stroope","doi":"10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01220.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01220.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Feeling that you belong in a group is an important and powerful need. The ability to foster a sense of belonging can also determine whether groups survive. Organizational features of groups cultivate feelings of belonging, yet prior research fails to investigate the idea that belief systems also play a major role. Using multilevel data, this study finds that church members' traditional beliefs, group-level belief unity, and their interaction associate positively with members' sense of belonging. In fact, belief unity can be thought of as a “sacred canopy” under which the relationship between traditional beliefs and feelings of belonging thrives.</p>","PeriodicalId":508532,"journal":{"name":"The Sociological Quarterly","volume":"52 4","pages":"568-92"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01220.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30329885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The uneven patterning of welfare benefits at the twilight of AFDC: assessing the influence of institutions, race, and citizen preferences.","authors":"Ben Lennox Kail, Marc Dixon","doi":"10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01211.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01211.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scholars have been slow to test welfare state theories on the extensive subnational variation in the United States during the recent period of retrenchment. We assess institutional politics theories, literature on race and social policy, and public opinion arguments relative to levels of support in states' Aid to Families Dependent Children programs from 1982 until its elimination in 1996. Pooled time-series results demonstrate that the determinants of spending during retrenchment are mostly similar to those driving development and expansion. Pro-spending actors and professionalized state institutions limit benefit curtailment, while jurisdictions with larger African- American populations have lower benefits. Additionally, liberal citizens positively impact support and strengthen the effects of state institutions, but this effect is attenuated in states with larger African-American populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":508532,"journal":{"name":"The Sociological Quarterly","volume":"52 3","pages":"376-99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01211.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30251353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Community influences on white racial attitudes: what matters and why?","authors":"Marylee C Taylor, Peter J Mateyka","doi":"10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01202.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01202.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tracing the roots of racial attitudes in historical events and individual biographies has been a long-standing goal of race relations scholars. Recent years have seen a new development in racial attitude research: Local community context has entered the spotlight as a potential influence on racial views. The race composition of the locality has been the most common focus; evidence from earlier decades suggests that white Americans are more likely to hold anti-black attitudes if they live in areas where the African-American population is relatively large. However, an influential 2000 article argued that the socioeconomic composition of the white community is a more powerful influence on white attitudes: In low-socioeconomic status (SES) locales, “stress-inducing” deprivations and hardships in whites' own lives purportedly lead them to disparage blacks. The study reported here reassesses this “scapegoating” claim, using data from the 1998 to 2002 General Social Surveys linked to 2000 census information about communities. Across many dimensions of racial attitudes, there is pronounced influence of both local racial proportions and college completion rates among white residents. However, the economic dimension of SES exerts negligible influence on white racial attitudes, suggesting that local processes other than scapegoating must be at work.</p>","PeriodicalId":508532,"journal":{"name":"The Sociological Quarterly","volume":"52 2","pages":"220-43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01202.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30135688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Backstage discourse and the reproduction of white masculinities.","authors":"Matthew W Hughey","doi":"10.1111/j.1533-8525.2010.01196.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2010.01196.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article documents the shared patterns of private white male discourse. Drawing from comparative ethnographic research in a white nationalist and a white antiracist organization, I analyze how white men engage in private discourse to reproduce coherent and valorized understandings of white masculinity. These private speech acts reinforce prevailing narratives about race and gender, reproduce understandings of segregation and paternalism as natural, and rationalize the expression of overt racism. This analysis illustrates how antagonistic forms of “frontstage” white male activism may distract from white male identity management in the “backstage.”</p>","PeriodicalId":508532,"journal":{"name":"The Sociological Quarterly","volume":"52 1","pages":"132-53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2010.01196.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29686674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Limited access: gender, occupational composition, and flexible work scheduling.","authors":"Rebecca Glauber","doi":"10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01215.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01215.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study draws on national data to explore differences in access to flexible work scheduling by the gender composition of women's and men's occupations. Results show that those who work in integrated occupations are more likely to have access to flexible scheduling. Women and men do not take jobs with lower pay in return for greater access to flexibility. Instead, jobs with higher pay offer greater flexibility. Integrated occupations tend to offer the greatest access to flexible scheduling because of their structural locations. Part-time work is negatively associated with men's access to flexible scheduling but positively associated with women's access. Women have greater flexibility when they work for large establishments, whereas men have greater flexibility when they work for small establishments.</p>","PeriodicalId":508532,"journal":{"name":"The Sociological Quarterly","volume":"52 3","pages":"472-94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01215.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30251355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}