SCIENCE International Journal最新文献

{"title":"THE IMPACT OF CLUSTERING ON COMPETITIVENESS AND BUSINESS PERFORMANCE OF SMEs: EVIDENCE FROM THE SERBIAN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY","authors":"I. Beraha, Sonja Đuričin, Marija Lazarević","doi":"10.35120/sciencej0204147b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0204147b","url":null,"abstract":"Clusters are widely regarded by scientific researchers and policymakers as effective tools for addressing the size constraints faced by SMEs. The increased involvement of local SME suppliers in supply chain restructuring has led to the extensive adoption of clusters in the automotive industry. Despite a wealth of literature supporting the economic advantages of clustering, the absence of quantitative evidence has constrained policy support for cluster development in numerous developing countries. This research aims to empirically compare the performance of clustered and non-clustered SMEs within the same industry. The primary objective is to quantify the impact of the Serbian Automotive Cluster on the competitiveness and business performance of Serbian automotive SMEs. Utilizing Stochastic Frontier Analysis and statistic tests, the methodology examines a balanced panel of 29 SMEs in Serbia’s automotive industry spanning from 2016 to 2018. The impact of clustering is analysed in terms of efficiency and effectiveness, crucial dimensions of business success. Total revenue is used to measure efficiency, reflecting an integral competitive indicator. Effectiveness is assessed using profitability indicators such as profit margin, asset turnover ratio, and return on assets. The research reveals that clustered SMEs in the automotive industry exhibit higher efficiency (competitiveness) and effectiveness (profitability) compared to non-clustered SMEs. The proposed methodology holds significance for evidence-based policymaking, providing empirical support for cluster policy. The paper introduces a novel quantitative assessment methodology for gauging the impact of clusters on SME members’ competitiveness and business performance. The unique approach adds value to the paper, as similar methodologies have not been previously applied in assessing the impact of clustering on efficiency and effectiveness, fundamental dimensions of business success. The suggested methodology holds importance due to its potential applicability in evaluating how clusters influence the performance and competitiveness of SMEs across diverse industry sectors in developing nations. Acknowledging the limitations of our research, notably the small sample size that focused solely on SMEs with publicly available financial statements, excluding numerous enterprises from the analysis, we underscore the significance of clustering in enhancing the business performance of SMEs in the automotive industry. This emphasizes the need for additional research in quantitatively measuring the impact of clusters, paving the way for further exploration in this direction.","PeriodicalId":508513,"journal":{"name":"SCIENCE International Journal","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139180720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INFAMIA IN THE SIGHT OF ROMAN LAW","authors":"Imran A. Rašljanin","doi":"10.35120/sciencej0204053r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0204053r","url":null,"abstract":"The research identifies “Infamia” as a pervasive legal construct, intricately linked with notions of reputation, honor, and societal standing. The concept significantly influenced various aspects of Roman jurisprudence, spanning from contractual relations (such as fiducia, societas, depositum, tutela, and mandatum) to inheritance laws, and even marital unions. This study underscores the intricate interplay between legal regulations and moral considerations, illustrating how Roman society intertwined religious beliefs, trust, and conscientiousness in shaping legal conduct.Examining the inheritance laws, the research delineates the pivotal role of “Infamia” in determining the transfer of rights and responsibilities following an individual’s demise. The inheritance process becomes a crucial juncture where societal values are intertwined with legal mandates, influencing the distribution of familial assets. Notably, the Roman institution of “pater familias” vested nearly absolute authority over familial members, restricting their ownership rights. Furthermore, the study traces the evolution of inheritance practices through distinct historical periods, including the legislative reforms introduced by Justinian. These amendments aimed to rectify perceived injustices, providing mechanisms for disinherited heirs to contest their exclusion through the querella inofficiosi testamenti. The research also scrutinizes “Infamia” within the realm of marital law, discerning its presence in the dissolution of marriages through practices like “divoritum” and “repudium.” These terminations, whether consensual or unilateral, bore financial and reputational consequences, with the latter potentially resulting in societal disgrace. In conclusion, this comprehensive review illuminates the intricate and dynamic role of “Infamia” in Roman legal and societal frameworks. It underscores how this concept permeated various facets of Roman life, serving as a potent tool for regulating conduct, shaping social relations, and upholding moral values. By synthesizing a diverse range of scholarly works, this study offers a holistic understanding of “Infamia” and its far-reaching implications in ancient Rome.","PeriodicalId":508513,"journal":{"name":"SCIENCE International Journal","volume":"142 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139181339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RELIGIOUS EDUCATION AMONG SERBS AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR PRESERVING NATIONAL IDENTITY","authors":"Tamara M. Stojanović, Mirjana M. Simić","doi":"10.35120/sciencej0204185s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0204185s","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of our work is to point out the importance of religious education among Serbs, starting from the historical paradigm – the first half of the 18th century when Slavic and Latin schools were opened in Sremski Karlovci, thanks to the activities of the then Metropolitan of Belgrade, Mojsej Petrović, and later Vićentije Jovanović. Within these schools begins the education of Serbian students and the development of the school system in the Russo-Slavic language, the official language of the Serbian Orthodox Church and equivalent to the first Serbian literary language. It is indisputable that the Serbian people joined the community of civilized nations, with a clearly recognizable and strong national identity thanks to Orthodoxy. Serbian Orthodox Church played the essential role in the national integration and preservation of national consciousness and identity. Therefore, it becomes quite clear that any current “speech” on the renewal and development of the Serbian national identity cannot “put out of sight” its Orthodox component, nor declare it anachronistic and outdated. Further, the paper considers the need for higher quality religious education in the Republic of Serbia, as well as the assumptions (conditions) for their implementation. The provision of Religious Education in primary and secondary schools in the Republic of Serbia is of great importance for the improvement of educational system, mostly because it provides the insight of the connection between religion and science. Its introduction into the educational system has a significant impact on the evaluation, nurturing and preservation of national values. The provision of Religious Education in primary and secondary schools also provides students with a complete religious view of the world and enables the building and preservation of national and cultural identity. Also, the introduction of Religious Education has a great impact on the construction of a multi-ethnic and multicultural society within the community of European states.","PeriodicalId":508513,"journal":{"name":"SCIENCE International Journal","volume":"49 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139181546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}