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Analysing the Effectiveness of Monetary Transmission Mechanism in Mozambique: A VAR Model Approach 分析莫桑比克货币传导机制的有效性：VAR 模型方法
International Journal of Economics and Finance Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.5539/ijef.v16n5p1
Khalilahmad Mussa Bahadur
{"title":"Analysing the Effectiveness of Monetary Transmission Mechanism in Mozambique: A VAR Model Approach","authors":"Khalilahmad Mussa Bahadur","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v16n5p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v16n5p1","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyses the effectiveness of monetary transmission mechanism in Mozambique spanning from January 2008 to December 2022, employing a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model. The analysis focuses on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and inflation, exploring how these variables respond to changes in monetary policy. The study’s findings underscore a negligible impact of monetary transmission channel variables on GDP. In terms of inflation, the study identifies the existence of interest rate, money, and exchange channel, while credit channel exhibit negligible effect. Variance decomposition and impulse response analysis confirm the transitory nature of monetary shocks on GDP and the comparatively stronger influence on inflation.","PeriodicalId":508422,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Finance","volume":"114 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140381490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Examining the Impact of Baumol’s Cost Disease in Brazilian Municipal Education: A Decade Analysis (2009-2019) 考察鲍莫尔成本病在巴西市政教育中的影响：十年分析（2009-2019 年）
International Journal of Economics and Finance Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.5539/ijef.v16n4p78
Ricardo da Costa Nunes, André Nunes
{"title":"Examining the Impact of Baumol’s Cost Disease in Brazilian Municipal Education: A Decade Analysis (2009-2019)","authors":"Ricardo da Costa Nunes, André Nunes","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v16n4p78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v16n4p78","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the phenomenon known as Baumol’s cost disease within the Brazilian educational sector between 2009 and 2019, marked by substantial changes in teacher salaries and student-teacher ratios. Baumol’s cost disease describes the rise in salaries despite low productivity growth in sectors that do not benefit substantially from technological improvements. In education, salaries increased by establishing a national wage floor and decreasing student-teacher ratios. The study adapts Baumol’s model to the modern educational context, analysing the correlation between teacher remuneration and productivity and incorporating contemporary economic and policy dynamics. The findings indicate that, contrary to the theoretical expectation of a U-shaped curve for per capita educational spending, costs per student tend to decrease with the increase in municipal population size, with an exception observed in the largest cities. This paper contributes to the understanding of public spending on education in Brazil, highlighting the need for differentiated policy approaches to manage escalating costs in smaller municipalities and ensure equitable education quality across different municipal sizes.","PeriodicalId":508422,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Finance","volume":"21 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140248983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Transmission Mechanism of the European Central Bank Unconventional Monetary Policy: A Global Assessment 欧洲中央银行非常规货币政策的传导机制：全球评估
International Journal of Economics and Finance Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.5539/ijef.v16n3p50
Emmanuel Erem
{"title":"The Transmission Mechanism of the European Central Bank Unconventional Monetary Policy: A Global Assessment","authors":"Emmanuel Erem","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v16n3p50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v16n3p50","url":null,"abstract":"During, and after the 2008 financial crisis, most monetary authorities in advanced economies officially adopted Unconvenetional Monetary Policy (UMP); that involves the mass purchase of treasury and mortgage-backed securities. This policy is intended to serve the purpose of mitigating the effects of crises, especially when the interest rate has reached the so-called Zero Lower Bound (ZLB). This study attempts to examine the transmission mechanism/channels of the European Central Bank (ECB) UMP, including both domestic and international spillover effects by employing a Global Vector Autoregressive (GVAR) model. Generally, the ECB UMP effects show encouraging and positive responses from economies within the Euro Area region while international spillover effects are mixed, probably due to the diverse nature of the monetary policy regimes deployed in the different countries, especially the emerging economies.","PeriodicalId":508422,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Finance","volume":"36 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139802679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Constructing a Financial Risk Early Warning Model for Chinese Public Hospitals Based on Machine Learning 基于机器学习构建中国公立医院财务风险预警模型
International Journal of Economics and Finance Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.5539/ijef.v16n3p64
Xi Zhao, Bing Lu
{"title":"Constructing a Financial Risk Early Warning Model for Chinese Public Hospitals Based on Machine Learning","authors":"Xi Zhao, Bing Lu","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v16n3p64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v16n3p64","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s increasingly complex healthcare environment, China’s public hospitals face enormous financial challenges. The high degree of uncertainty and suddenness of financial risks make public hospitals need more sophisticated and real-time financial risk early warning mechanisms. To address this challenge, machine learning algorithms are introduced as a powerful tool to construct more accurate and efficient financial risk early warning models.the purpose of this dissertation is to summarize the recent research progress in constructing financial risk early warning models for Chinese public hospitals based on machine learning algorithms. The establishment of financial risk early warning models can not only help hospital management better understand the financial situation, but also identify potential risks in advance, which can provide powerful support for timely adjustment of strategies and countermeasures.","PeriodicalId":508422,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Finance","volume":"21 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139864368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Transmission Mechanism of the European Central Bank Unconventional Monetary Policy: A Global Assessment 欧洲中央银行非常规货币政策的传导机制：全球评估
International Journal of Economics and Finance Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.5539/ijef.v16n3p50
Emmanuel Erem
{"title":"The Transmission Mechanism of the European Central Bank Unconventional Monetary Policy: A Global Assessment","authors":"Emmanuel Erem","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v16n3p50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v16n3p50","url":null,"abstract":"During, and after the 2008 financial crisis, most monetary authorities in advanced economies officially adopted Unconvenetional Monetary Policy (UMP); that involves the mass purchase of treasury and mortgage-backed securities. This policy is intended to serve the purpose of mitigating the effects of crises, especially when the interest rate has reached the so-called Zero Lower Bound (ZLB). This study attempts to examine the transmission mechanism/channels of the European Central Bank (ECB) UMP, including both domestic and international spillover effects by employing a Global Vector Autoregressive (GVAR) model. Generally, the ECB UMP effects show encouraging and positive responses from economies within the Euro Area region while international spillover effects are mixed, probably due to the diverse nature of the monetary policy regimes deployed in the different countries, especially the emerging economies.","PeriodicalId":508422,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Finance","volume":"245 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139862360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Constructing a Financial Risk Early Warning Model for Chinese Public Hospitals Based on Machine Learning 基于机器学习构建中国公立医院财务风险预警模型
International Journal of Economics and Finance Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.5539/ijef.v16n3p64
Xi Zhao, Bing Lu
{"title":"Constructing a Financial Risk Early Warning Model for Chinese Public Hospitals Based on Machine Learning","authors":"Xi Zhao, Bing Lu","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v16n3p64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v16n3p64","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s increasingly complex healthcare environment, China’s public hospitals face enormous financial challenges. The high degree of uncertainty and suddenness of financial risks make public hospitals need more sophisticated and real-time financial risk early warning mechanisms. To address this challenge, machine learning algorithms are introduced as a powerful tool to construct more accurate and efficient financial risk early warning models.the purpose of this dissertation is to summarize the recent research progress in constructing financial risk early warning models for Chinese public hospitals based on machine learning algorithms. The establishment of financial risk early warning models can not only help hospital management better understand the financial situation, but also identify potential risks in advance, which can provide powerful support for timely adjustment of strategies and countermeasures.","PeriodicalId":508422,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Finance","volume":"60 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139804494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A BVAR Note on the J-Curve and the Marshall-Lerner Condition for Brazil 关于巴西 J 曲线和马歇尔-勒纳条件的 BVAR 说明
International Journal of Economics and Finance Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.5539/ijef.v16n3p31
F. J. S. Rocha, Marcos R. V. Magalhães, Á. A. Brilhante
{"title":"A BVAR Note on the J-Curve and the Marshall-Lerner Condition for Brazil","authors":"F. J. S. Rocha, Marcos R. V. Magalhães, Á. A. Brilhante","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v16n3p31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v16n3p31","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, the hypotheses of the J-curve and the Marshall-Lerner condition for Brazil from January 2003 to December 2019 were tested. The impulse-response function (IRF) and the variance decomposition (VD) of a Bayesian vector autoregressive model (Minnesota priors) served as instruments for the empirical verification of the above-mentioned hypotheses. The Bai and Perron (1998, 2003) structural break test was carried out, which identified two breaks and, consequently, three subsamples, from January 2003 to October 2007; December 2007 to June 2015; and July 2015 to December 2019. The results showed that the estimated BVAR empirically supports the hypotheses in question. In the short term, it is observed that a real depreciation of the Brazilian currency results, in the first five months, in a deficit in the trade balance. However, as of the fourth month, the result of the trade balance becomes positive, and it remains like that for longer than ten months. This means that one cannot reject the J-curve hypothesis. For a forecast horizon of 36 months, it was found that the Marshall-Lerner condition should not be rejected either. In other words, a currency devaluation causes an increase in the trade balance for longer than three years.","PeriodicalId":508422,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Finance","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140473623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimal Capital Account Openness in China 中国的最佳资本账户开放度
International Journal of Economics and Finance Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.5539/ijef.v16n3p42
Wenyun Zhou
{"title":"Optimal Capital Account Openness in China","authors":"Wenyun Zhou","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v16n3p42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v16n3p42","url":null,"abstract":"This paper measures the degree of capital account openness and financial stability index, and uses GDP to represent economic development. Recent research mainly focuses on the qualitative research of capital account openness on financial stability and economic development. This paper tries to find the optimal degree of capital account openness based on current economic structure and financial situation through quantitative methods. \u0000 \u0000I use Kalman filter to measure the degree of capital account openness based on the interest rate parity theory and defines the degree of capital account openness as λ, the range of λ is [0, 1]. For the measurement of financial stability, this paper adopts principal component analysis method, and selects 17 groups of data related to financial stability to measure it. Based on these two sets of figures, as well as monthly GDP data, establishes TVAR model, studies the impulse response graph, and determines the impact on financial stability index, GDP and λ. This paper uses support vector machine regression (SVR) to quantitatively analyze the relationship among capital account openness, economic development, and financial stability.","PeriodicalId":508422,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Finance","volume":"531 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140479575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of Islamic Financial Corporations on Economic Activity: A Case Study of Orphans Fund Development Corporation in Jordan During the Period (2014-2021) 伊斯兰金融公司对经济活动的影响：约旦孤儿基金发展公司案例研究（2014-2021 年）
International Journal of Economics and Finance Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.5539/ijef.v16n3p15
Ateyah Mohammad Ateyah Alawneh
{"title":"Influence of Islamic Financial Corporations on Economic Activity: A Case Study of Orphans Fund Development Corporation in Jordan During the Period (2014-2021)","authors":"Ateyah Mohammad Ateyah Alawneh","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v16n3p15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v16n3p15","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to test the role of Islamic financial corporations on Jordan’s gross domestic product, a representative for economic activity. The Tamweel Amwal Al-Ittam (Orphans Fund Development Corporation, hereafter referred to as “the Corporation”) served as the case study for this research, investigated during the period of 2014-2021. Given the limited availability of annual reports on the Corporation’s website, quarterly data were gathered using E-Views software. Co-integration test and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) method to verify the study’s hypotheses. Results of the co-integration test indicated a long-term equilibrium relationship among the study variables, representing the Corporation’s investments in lands and buildings, Murabaha and AL-ijarah (Financial Leasing), investment in the stock portfolio, deposits in Islamic banks, total investment of the Corporation, and economic activity. FMOLS results showed that the Corporation’s investments in lands and buildings, Murabaha and AL-ijarah, and investment in the stock portfolio have positive and statistically significant effects on Jordan’s economic activity. The FMOLS results also confirmed that the total investment of the Corporation have a positive and statistically significant influence on Jordan’s economic activity. These results indicate that the Corporation’s real investment directly contributes to the interest of the country’s economic activity. The study recommends adopting policies that promote the growth of Islamic financial corporations. This can be achieved by providing proposals and offering financial and administrative support. It also highlights the importance of utilizing modern Islamic financing methods as an effective option for mitigating unemployment and inflation and providing employment opportunities that stimulate economic activity.","PeriodicalId":508422,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Finance","volume":"110 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139605709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Framework Proposal for the Analysis of Tax Illusion, Its Antecedents, and Consequents 分析税收幻觉、其前因和后果的框架建议
International Journal of Economics and Finance Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.5539/ijef.v16n3p1
Jandeson dantas da Silva, Wênyka Preston Leite Batista da Costa, Clóvis Antônio Kronbauer, Luiz Antônio Félix Júnior, Ernani Ott, Diego López Herrera
{"title":"Framework Proposal for the Analysis of Tax Illusion, Its Antecedents, and Consequents","authors":"Jandeson dantas da Silva, Wênyka Preston Leite Batista da Costa, Clóvis Antônio Kronbauer, Luiz Antônio Félix Júnior, Ernani Ott, Diego López Herrera","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v16n3p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v16n3p1","url":null,"abstract":"The present research aims to propose a framework to analyze the fiscal illusion, its antecedents, and consequents from the perception of Brazilian taxpayers. In terms of methodological typology, this research was framed as descriptive, using the survey as a procedure and the approach to the quantitative problem through Structural Equation Modeling techniques. After adjusting the model, the results show a significant correlation between the constructs of fiscal illusion and open data and a significant correlation between budgetary governance and fiscal illusion and between fiscal governance and fiscal illusion. Based on the analysis involving fiscal illusion and citizen participation, we conclude that there is a significant relationship between the constructs. Furthermore, the proposed integrated model indicated the possibility of improvement in the adjustment indices by considering significant correlations between the constructs concerning open data and budgetary governance, open data and fiscal governance, and budgetary governance and fiscal governance. It is inferred that the validated framework constitutes an academic implication, addressing theoretical gaps and contributing practically and with a social purpose, making it possible to improve the functioning of public administration and the provision of efficient services.","PeriodicalId":508422,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Finance","volume":"128 51","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139605124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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