Ajar-African Journal of Aids Research最新文献

{"title":"<i>Moringa oleifera</i> regulates the health of people living with HIV in developing countries: a systematic review.","authors":"Phyllis Waruguru, Dasel Wambua Mulwa, Michael Okoth, Wesley Bor","doi":"10.2989/16085906.2023.2277894","DOIUrl":"10.2989/16085906.2023.2277894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>If left untreated, HIV has the potential to increase morbidity and mortality rates to 14 times higher than that of HIV and AIDS-free persons of the same sex and age group. Currently, treatment of HIV is by use of ART, which has proved to prolong the lives of people living with HIV (PLWHIV). In addition to ART, HIV patients opt to also use traditional medicines. <i>Moringa oleifera</i> is one of the traditional herbs that is used by HIV patients in developing countries. However, its use is only recommended by non-professionals due to a lack of consensus on the impact of moringa on the health of PLWHIV. Therefore, the goal of this review is to investigate the impact of <i>moringa oleifera</i> on health-related quality of life of PLWHIV. Three scientific databases were accessed from 1 July to 31 August 2022 using as key words \"<i>moringa oleifera</i>\", \"health outcomes\", herbal supplementation\" and \"traditional medicines\". Articles published in peer-reviewed journals were selected. 20 articles were retrieved, and 11 articles were excluded since they either did not use a randomised control study design, or were a review. The articles reviewed indicated that moringa supplementation resulted to increases in CD4 cell count and body mass index, improvements in psychological well-being, in management of depression and anxiety and the function of vital body organs and control of cholesterol levels. In conclusion, use of <i>moringa oleifera</i> supplementation improves the health of PLWHIV. It is therefore recommended that health personnel should consider the use of <i>moringa oleifera</i> alongside ART to ensure optimal treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50833,"journal":{"name":"Ajar-African Journal of Aids Research","volume":"22 3","pages":"247-252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138453008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stock Returns of Pharmaceutical Companies during COVID-19","authors":"Ajeng Aprilyana Pratiwi, Diyah Santi Hariyani, Wenni Wahyuandari, Eni Minarni","doi":"10.35129/ajar.v6i02.384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35129/ajar.v6i02.384","url":null,"abstract":"The Covid-19 pandemic has had a major impact on the share prices of companies in Indonesia, while the sector that received positive sentiment amid the Covid-19 outbreak is the Pharmaceutical Company Sector. The purpose of this study is to analyse the effect of earning per share, financial performance, and stock liquidity on stock returns during the Covid-19 pandemic (a case study on a pharmaceutical company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange). The method used in this study is quantitative. The source of data used in this study is secondary data. The sampling technique used in this research is the purposive sampling technique. This study indicates that return on equity has a significant effect on stock returns. Earnings per share and stock liquidity have no impact on stock returns.","PeriodicalId":50833,"journal":{"name":"Ajar-African Journal of Aids Research","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89868007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Literacy Affect Business Sustainability? Evidence from MSMEs","authors":"Rohyana Nur Isnaeny, Dewi Susilowati","doi":"10.35129/ajar.v6i02.451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35129/ajar.v6i02.451","url":null,"abstract":"After the Covid-19 event, most MSMEs faced problems that impacted the sustainability of MSMEs businesses. The problems faced by most MSMEs include a decrease in asset value. Based on resource-based theory, companies can utilize strategic assets in the form of both tangible and intangible assets so that companies can compete. This study aims to examine the effect of intangible assets in the form of examining the effect of financial and digital literacy on business sustainability. This research is a type of causal-comparative quantitative research. The sample in this study used convenient sampling and obtained a sample of 54 MSMEs. Multiple regression analysis is used to analyze research data. The authors collect data through a questionnaire with a Likert scale of 1 to 7. The results show that financial literacy has a positive effect on business sustainability and digital literacy has no effect on business sustainability. This research provides implications for MSMEs to be able to optimize intangible assets in company management.","PeriodicalId":50833,"journal":{"name":"Ajar-African Journal of Aids Research","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78840368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creative Economic Base on Green Economic at Ecotourism Village Ramang-Ramang Maros South Celebes","authors":"Sry Wahyuni, Ade Damayanti","doi":"10.35129/ajar.v6i02.450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35129/ajar.v6i02.450","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to provide an overview of the green economy-based creativeeconomy in the Ramang-Ramang Tourism Village, Maros district, South Sulawesi. Theexistence of a tourist object has an impact on people's lives in the area of the tourist object.Both from an environmental, economic, and cultural point of view. Ecotourism is a specialinterest tourism concept that combines tourism and environmental preservation as well ascommunity economic empowerment. This research was conducted using a qualitativeapproach with a case study research design with a unit of analysis of Creative Economy Actorsin the Ramang-Ramang Tourism Village, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi. The technique thatwill be used to find informants is the snowballing sampling technique. Data was collected byobservation, interview, and documentation techniques with the researcher as the instrument.The results of this study indicate that there are three sub-sectors of the creative economythat are run in the Ramang-Ramang tourist village, namely, Culinary, Kraft and PerformingArts. These three sub-sectors have experienced a lot of development and have become oneof the pillars that support the existence of the Ramang-Ramang tourism village. Apart fromencouraging the economic welfare of the community, the green economy concept applied inthe Ramang-Ramang tourist village is also an effort to preserve the environment.","PeriodicalId":50833,"journal":{"name":"Ajar-African Journal of Aids Research","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86244055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Effect Profitability, Leverage, and Company Size on Tax Avoidance","authors":"Hamzah Hamzah, Syaiful Bahri","doi":"10.35129/ajar.v6i02.378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35129/ajar.v6i02.378","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to examine the effect of profitability, leverage, and company’s size which were assumed have an impact to tax avoidance, tax avoidance proxied by effective tax rate (ETR), the research is causal associative with quantity approach, company’s sub-sector food and beverage used to be the population. The data analysis techniques used were descriptive analysis, classical assumption test, multiple linear regressions, coefficient of determination test, and t-test. The results showed that profitability, leverage, and company’s size did not have effect to tax avoidance.","PeriodicalId":50833,"journal":{"name":"Ajar-African Journal of Aids Research","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87278779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Training and Use of Information Technology on the Quality of the Financial Statement of Village-Owned Enterprises","authors":"Mutia Maulita Anggraeni, Sahmin Noholo, Amir Lukum","doi":"10.35129/ajar.v6i02.449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35129/ajar.v6i02.449","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to figure out the effect of training and the use of information technology on the quality of the financial statement of village-owned enterprises. This research employed a quantitative descriptive method where the data source of this research was primary data obtained directly from respondents through questionnaires distributed to village-owned enterprises administrators and village officials in Tabongo Subdistrict, Gorontalo Regency. Besides, the total population amounted to 54 people, with a total sample was 30 village-owned enterprises administrators determined by using purposive sampling. The findings denoted that partially, the training variable (X1) had a positive and significant effect on the quality of the financial statement of village-owned enterprises (Y), the use of information technology variable (X2) had no significant effect on the quality of the financial statement of village-owned enterprises (Y). Meanwhile, simultaneously, the training (X1) and the use of information technology (X2) variables had a positive and significant effect on the quality of the financial statement of village-owned enterprises (Y).","PeriodicalId":50833,"journal":{"name":"Ajar-African Journal of Aids Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90850862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tax Morality Moderates Self Assessment System and Money Ethics on Tax Evasion Measures at KPP Pratama Makassar Selatan","authors":"Fahria Azhar, Tenriwaru Tenriwaru, Arifin Arifin","doi":"10.35129/ajar.v6i02.448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35129/ajar.v6i02.448","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between the Self Assessment System Money Ethics and Tax Morality in relation to Tax Evasion at the South Makassar Primary Tax Office. The population in this study consists of individual taxpayers registered at the South Makassar Primary Tax Office, totaling 159,626 individual taxpayers. The sample size for this study was determined using the Slovin formula, resulting in a sample of 100 taxpayers. This study employs a field research method. The statistical method used to test hypotheses involves the use of the partial least square (PLS) approach. The results of the analysis indicate that self assessment system and money ethics simultaneously have a positive and significant influence on tax evasion, while morality as a moderator weakens the impact of self assessment system and money ethics on tax evasion. Recommendations from this study include: 1) for future researchers, it is suggested to include more other independent variables that could influence tax evasion behavior. 2) future researchers are encouraged to use additional data analysis tools. 3) future studies are expected to have a broader range of respondents in their sampling.","PeriodicalId":50833,"journal":{"name":"Ajar-African Journal of Aids Research","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81579355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weak Market Efficiency for Technology Stocks During The COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Ullanchiang Meillenia Tumbal, R. Robiyanto, H. Harijono","doi":"10.35129/ajar.v6i02.428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35129/ajar.v6i02.428","url":null,"abstract":"Many studies related to capital market efficiency have been carried out, but currently there is a lack of research on weak forms of market efficiency in other financial markets such as the technology market. The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficiency of the weak form of the market for technology stocks during the Covid-19Pandemic. The data used in this study is data on daily closing prices for technology stocks from 2020-2022 from the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This data is obtained from Yahoo Finance Technology. The analytical tool used is the Runs Test followed by the Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Correlogram for Robustness Checking. The results of this study state that there are several technology stocks that are included in the efficient form in a weak form, which means that the prices of these stocks during the Covid-19 Pandemic are random walk, so that technical analysis cannot be applied in analyzing several technology stocks, namely EMTK, MTDL and LUCK. The results of this study suggest that investors in trading EMTK, MTDL and LUCK shares do not use technical analysis.","PeriodicalId":50833,"journal":{"name":"Ajar-African Journal of Aids Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82825179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with patients defaulting on HIV treatment at Helen Joseph Hospital, Gauteng province, South Africa.","authors":"Paul Potsane","doi":"10.2989/16085906.2023.2197880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2023.2197880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background</i>: South Africa's government has made significant improvements in expanding access to antiretroviral (ARV) treatment. A rate of adherence of 95% to 100% is necessary to achieve the intended outcomes of antiretroviral treatment. However, antiretroviral treatment adherence remains a significant challenge at Helen Joseph Hospital, where an adherence rate of 51% to 59% has been reported.<i>Objective</i>: The goal of this study was to examine the factors associated with ARV therapy non-adherence among HIV patients at Helen Joseph Hospital.<i>Method</i>: The study used a case-control design. There were 32 570 eligible patients for this study and 322 were selected from the overall population. Epi Info™ 7.2 was used to calculate the sample size. A total of 322 questionnaires were administered to participants during their clinic visits. The Aids Clinical Trial Group (ACTG) Questionnaire was used to measure and describe factors associated with ART treatment defaulting. Epi Info™ 7.2 was used to calculate crude odds ratios and SPSS version 26 was used to conduct multivariate logistic regression to compute adjusted odds ratios at 95% confidence intervals and <i>p</i>-values.<i>Results</i>: In total, there were 322 (100%) study participants, of which 51% (<i>n</i> = 165) were non-adherent to ARV therapy and 49% (<i>n</i> = 157) were adherent. Participants' ranged between 19 and 58 years old, with a mean age of 34 years old and a standard deviation of 8.03 years. Treatment non-adherence was associated with long waiting times at Helen Joseph's Themba Lethu Clinic after adjusting for gender, age, educational level and employment status. The adjusted odds ratio was 4.78, 95% CI 1.12-20.42, and <i>p</i> = 0.04.<i>Conclusion</i>: The study explored factors associated with ARV treatment defaults at Helen Joseph hospital. The long waiting times at the hospital were strongly associated with non-adherence to ARV treatment. A reduction in clinic waiting times will result in improved adherence to ARV treatment. To reduce long waiting times, the study recommends a multi-month medication dispensing programme and differentiation of HIV care. We recommend that future research include patients and clinic managers (as well as other key players) in the development of solutions to reduce waiting times.<i>Contribution</i>: Helen Joseph Hospital did not view long waiting times as a factor that would cause a patient to default on their ARV treatment in the past. Helen Joseph Hospital's management team was influenced by the study results. To achieve an adherence rate of 95% to 100%, the hospital is reducing waiting times.</p>","PeriodicalId":50833,"journal":{"name":"Ajar-African Journal of Aids Research","volume":"22 2","pages":"85-91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9940769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers to linkage and retention in HIV care still persist among adolescent girls and young women in western Kenya.","authors":"Zachary A Kwena,&nbsp;Rivet K Amico,&nbsp;Tsitsi B Masvawure,&nbsp;Kenneth K Ngure,&nbsp;Elizabeth A Bukusi,&nbsp;Robert H Remien,&nbsp;Perez O Ochwal,&nbsp;Nadia Nguyen,&nbsp;Joanne E Mantell","doi":"10.2989/16085906.2023.2197879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2023.2197879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in sub-Saharan Africa experience delayed linkage to and poor retention in HIV care. Identifying and addressing specific barriers in HIV care programming is important to achieving the upgraded UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets and epidemic control. We examined these challenges among 103 HIV-positive AGYW in and out of HIV care in communities around Lake Victoria in western Kenya as part of a larger qualitative study to identify drivers of HIV testing and HIV care utilisation in key populations. We used the social-ecological model to guide development of interview guides. Individual-level barriers included denial and forgetfulness and gendered household responsibilities, medication side effects, especially if taken without food, pills being too big and difficult to swallow and the burden of a daily medication-taking regimen. Interpersonal barriers included troubled family relationships and pervasive fears of stigma and discrimination by friends and family. Communitylevel barriers were stigmatising attitudes toward people living with HIV. Health-system barriers included negative provider attitudes and confidentiality breaches. At the structural level, participants noted high costs due to long travel times to facilities, long clinic waiting times, household food insecurity and school and work commitments. AGYW's limited decision-making autonomy due to age and gender norms, including their reliance on the authority of older adults, makes these barriers especially troubling. Innovative treatment approaches that take into account the unique vulnerabilities of AGYW are urgently needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":50833,"journal":{"name":"Ajar-African Journal of Aids Research","volume":"22 2","pages":"71-84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9940770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}