Ajar-African Journal of Aids Research最新文献

{"title":"Creative Economic Base on Green Economic at Ecotourism Village Ramang-Ramang Maros South Celebes","authors":"Sry Wahyuni, Ade Damayanti","doi":"10.35129/ajar.v6i02.450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35129/ajar.v6i02.450","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to provide an overview of the green economy-based creativeeconomy in the Ramang-Ramang Tourism Village, Maros district, South Sulawesi. Theexistence of a tourist object has an impact on people's lives in the area of the tourist object.Both from an environmental, economic, and cultural point of view. Ecotourism is a specialinterest tourism concept that combines tourism and environmental preservation as well ascommunity economic empowerment. This research was conducted using a qualitativeapproach with a case study research design with a unit of analysis of Creative Economy Actorsin the Ramang-Ramang Tourism Village, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi. The technique thatwill be used to find informants is the snowballing sampling technique. Data was collected byobservation, interview, and documentation techniques with the researcher as the instrument.The results of this study indicate that there are three sub-sectors of the creative economythat are run in the Ramang-Ramang tourist village, namely, Culinary, Kraft and PerformingArts. These three sub-sectors have experienced a lot of development and have become oneof the pillars that support the existence of the Ramang-Ramang tourism village. Apart fromencouraging the economic welfare of the community, the green economy concept applied inthe Ramang-Ramang tourist village is also an effort to preserve the environment.","PeriodicalId":50833,"journal":{"name":"Ajar-African Journal of Aids Research","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86244055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Effect Profitability, Leverage, and Company Size on Tax Avoidance","authors":"Hamzah Hamzah, Syaiful Bahri","doi":"10.35129/ajar.v6i02.378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35129/ajar.v6i02.378","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to examine the effect of profitability, leverage, and company’s size which were assumed have an impact to tax avoidance, tax avoidance proxied by effective tax rate (ETR), the research is causal associative with quantity approach, company’s sub-sector food and beverage used to be the population. The data analysis techniques used were descriptive analysis, classical assumption test, multiple linear regressions, coefficient of determination test, and t-test. The results showed that profitability, leverage, and company’s size did not have effect to tax avoidance.","PeriodicalId":50833,"journal":{"name":"Ajar-African Journal of Aids Research","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87278779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Training and Use of Information Technology on the Quality of the Financial Statement of Village-Owned Enterprises","authors":"Mutia Maulita Anggraeni, Sahmin Noholo, Amir Lukum","doi":"10.35129/ajar.v6i02.449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35129/ajar.v6i02.449","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to figure out the effect of training and the use of information technology on the quality of the financial statement of village-owned enterprises. This research employed a quantitative descriptive method where the data source of this research was primary data obtained directly from respondents through questionnaires distributed to village-owned enterprises administrators and village officials in Tabongo Subdistrict, Gorontalo Regency. Besides, the total population amounted to 54 people, with a total sample was 30 village-owned enterprises administrators determined by using purposive sampling. The findings denoted that partially, the training variable (X1) had a positive and significant effect on the quality of the financial statement of village-owned enterprises (Y), the use of information technology variable (X2) had no significant effect on the quality of the financial statement of village-owned enterprises (Y). Meanwhile, simultaneously, the training (X1) and the use of information technology (X2) variables had a positive and significant effect on the quality of the financial statement of village-owned enterprises (Y).","PeriodicalId":50833,"journal":{"name":"Ajar-African Journal of Aids Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90850862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tax Morality Moderates Self Assessment System and Money Ethics on Tax Evasion Measures at KPP Pratama Makassar Selatan","authors":"Fahria Azhar, Tenriwaru Tenriwaru, Arifin Arifin","doi":"10.35129/ajar.v6i02.448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35129/ajar.v6i02.448","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between the Self Assessment System Money Ethics and Tax Morality in relation to Tax Evasion at the South Makassar Primary Tax Office. The population in this study consists of individual taxpayers registered at the South Makassar Primary Tax Office, totaling 159,626 individual taxpayers. The sample size for this study was determined using the Slovin formula, resulting in a sample of 100 taxpayers. This study employs a field research method. The statistical method used to test hypotheses involves the use of the partial least square (PLS) approach. The results of the analysis indicate that self assessment system and money ethics simultaneously have a positive and significant influence on tax evasion, while morality as a moderator weakens the impact of self assessment system and money ethics on tax evasion. Recommendations from this study include: 1) for future researchers, it is suggested to include more other independent variables that could influence tax evasion behavior. 2) future researchers are encouraged to use additional data analysis tools. 3) future studies are expected to have a broader range of respondents in their sampling.","PeriodicalId":50833,"journal":{"name":"Ajar-African Journal of Aids Research","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81579355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weak Market Efficiency for Technology Stocks During The COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Ullanchiang Meillenia Tumbal, R. Robiyanto, H. Harijono","doi":"10.35129/ajar.v6i02.428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35129/ajar.v6i02.428","url":null,"abstract":"Many studies related to capital market efficiency have been carried out, but currently there is a lack of research on weak forms of market efficiency in other financial markets such as the technology market. The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficiency of the weak form of the market for technology stocks during the Covid-19Pandemic. The data used in this study is data on daily closing prices for technology stocks from 2020-2022 from the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This data is obtained from Yahoo Finance Technology. The analytical tool used is the Runs Test followed by the Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Correlogram for Robustness Checking. The results of this study state that there are several technology stocks that are included in the efficient form in a weak form, which means that the prices of these stocks during the Covid-19 Pandemic are random walk, so that technical analysis cannot be applied in analyzing several technology stocks, namely EMTK, MTDL and LUCK. The results of this study suggest that investors in trading EMTK, MTDL and LUCK shares do not use technical analysis.","PeriodicalId":50833,"journal":{"name":"Ajar-African Journal of Aids Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82825179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with patients defaulting on HIV treatment at Helen Joseph Hospital, Gauteng province, South Africa.","authors":"Paul Potsane","doi":"10.2989/16085906.2023.2197880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2023.2197880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background</i>: South Africa's government has made significant improvements in expanding access to antiretroviral (ARV) treatment. A rate of adherence of 95% to 100% is necessary to achieve the intended outcomes of antiretroviral treatment. However, antiretroviral treatment adherence remains a significant challenge at Helen Joseph Hospital, where an adherence rate of 51% to 59% has been reported.<i>Objective</i>: The goal of this study was to examine the factors associated with ARV therapy non-adherence among HIV patients at Helen Joseph Hospital.<i>Method</i>: The study used a case-control design. There were 32 570 eligible patients for this study and 322 were selected from the overall population. Epi Info™ 7.2 was used to calculate the sample size. A total of 322 questionnaires were administered to participants during their clinic visits. The Aids Clinical Trial Group (ACTG) Questionnaire was used to measure and describe factors associated with ART treatment defaulting. Epi Info™ 7.2 was used to calculate crude odds ratios and SPSS version 26 was used to conduct multivariate logistic regression to compute adjusted odds ratios at 95% confidence intervals and <i>p</i>-values.<i>Results</i>: In total, there were 322 (100%) study participants, of which 51% (<i>n</i> = 165) were non-adherent to ARV therapy and 49% (<i>n</i> = 157) were adherent. Participants' ranged between 19 and 58 years old, with a mean age of 34 years old and a standard deviation of 8.03 years. Treatment non-adherence was associated with long waiting times at Helen Joseph's Themba Lethu Clinic after adjusting for gender, age, educational level and employment status. The adjusted odds ratio was 4.78, 95% CI 1.12-20.42, and <i>p</i> = 0.04.<i>Conclusion</i>: The study explored factors associated with ARV treatment defaults at Helen Joseph hospital. The long waiting times at the hospital were strongly associated with non-adherence to ARV treatment. A reduction in clinic waiting times will result in improved adherence to ARV treatment. To reduce long waiting times, the study recommends a multi-month medication dispensing programme and differentiation of HIV care. We recommend that future research include patients and clinic managers (as well as other key players) in the development of solutions to reduce waiting times.<i>Contribution</i>: Helen Joseph Hospital did not view long waiting times as a factor that would cause a patient to default on their ARV treatment in the past. Helen Joseph Hospital's management team was influenced by the study results. To achieve an adherence rate of 95% to 100%, the hospital is reducing waiting times.</p>","PeriodicalId":50833,"journal":{"name":"Ajar-African Journal of Aids Research","volume":"22 2","pages":"85-91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9940769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers to linkage and retention in HIV care still persist among adolescent girls and young women in western Kenya.","authors":"Zachary A Kwena,&nbsp;Rivet K Amico,&nbsp;Tsitsi B Masvawure,&nbsp;Kenneth K Ngure,&nbsp;Elizabeth A Bukusi,&nbsp;Robert H Remien,&nbsp;Perez O Ochwal,&nbsp;Nadia Nguyen,&nbsp;Joanne E Mantell","doi":"10.2989/16085906.2023.2197879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2023.2197879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in sub-Saharan Africa experience delayed linkage to and poor retention in HIV care. Identifying and addressing specific barriers in HIV care programming is important to achieving the upgraded UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets and epidemic control. We examined these challenges among 103 HIV-positive AGYW in and out of HIV care in communities around Lake Victoria in western Kenya as part of a larger qualitative study to identify drivers of HIV testing and HIV care utilisation in key populations. We used the social-ecological model to guide development of interview guides. Individual-level barriers included denial and forgetfulness and gendered household responsibilities, medication side effects, especially if taken without food, pills being too big and difficult to swallow and the burden of a daily medication-taking regimen. Interpersonal barriers included troubled family relationships and pervasive fears of stigma and discrimination by friends and family. Communitylevel barriers were stigmatising attitudes toward people living with HIV. Health-system barriers included negative provider attitudes and confidentiality breaches. At the structural level, participants noted high costs due to long travel times to facilities, long clinic waiting times, household food insecurity and school and work commitments. AGYW's limited decision-making autonomy due to age and gender norms, including their reliance on the authority of older adults, makes these barriers especially troubling. Innovative treatment approaches that take into account the unique vulnerabilities of AGYW are urgently needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":50833,"journal":{"name":"Ajar-African Journal of Aids Research","volume":"22 2","pages":"71-84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9940770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of the COVID-19 restrictions on HIV testing services in Malawi: an interrupted time series analysis.","authors":"Barinaadaa Afirima,&nbsp;Ihoghosa O Iyamu,&nbsp;Zeena A Yesufu,&nbsp;Emem Iwara,&nbsp;David Chilongozi,&nbsp;Louis Banda,&nbsp;Emanuel Zenengeya,&nbsp;Chimwemwe Mablekisi,&nbsp;Blackson Matatiyo,&nbsp;Joseph Kuye,&nbsp;Odo Michael,&nbsp;Andrew Gonani,&nbsp;Melchiade Ruberintwari,&nbsp;Ngonidzashe Madidi,&nbsp;Edward Oladele,&nbsp;Chris Akolo","doi":"10.2989/16085906.2023.2197883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2023.2197883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background</i>: Restrictions on public gatherings and movement to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 may have disrupted access and availability of HIV services in Malawi. We quantified the impact of these restrictions on HIV testing services in Malawi.<i>Methods</i>: We conducted an interrupted time series analysis of routine aggregated programme data from 808 public and private, adult and paediatric health facilities across rural and urban communities in Malawi between January 2018 and March 2020 (pre-restrictions) and April to December 2020 (post restrictions), with April 2020 as the month restrictions took effect. Positivity rates were expressed as the proportion of new diagnoses per 100 persons tested. Data were summarised using counts and median monthly tests stratified by sex, age, type of health facility and service delivery points at health facilities. The immediate effect of restriction and post-lockdown outcomes trends were quantified using negative binomial segmented regression models adjusted for seasonality and autocorrelation.<i>Results</i>: The median monthly number of HIV tests and diagnosed people living with HIV (PLHIV) declined from 261 979 (interquartile range [IQR] 235 654-283 293) and 7 929 (IQR 6 590-9 316) before the restrictions, to 167 307 (IQR 161 122-185 094) and 4 658 (IQR 4 535-5 393) respectively, post restriction. Immediately after restriction, HIV tests declined by 31.9% (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.681; 95% CI 0.619-0.750), the number of PLHIV diagnosed declined by 22.8% (IRR 0.772; 95% CI 0.695-0.857), while positivity increased by 13.4% (IRR 1.134; 95% CI 1.031-1.247). As restrictions eased, total HIV testing outputs and the number of new diagnoses increased by an average of 2.3% each month (slope change: 1.023; 95% CI 1.010-1.037) and 2.5% (slope change:1.025; 95% CI 1.012-1.038) respectively. Positivity remained similar (slope change: 1.001; 95% CI 0.987-1.015). Unlike general trends noted, while HIV testing services among children aged <12 months declined 38.8% (IRR 0.351; 95% CI 0.351-1.006) with restrictions, recovery has been minimal (slope change: 1.008; 95% CI 0.946-1.073).<i>Conclusion</i>: COVID-19 restrictions were associated with significant but short-term declines in HIV testing services in Malawi, with differential recovery in these services among population subgroups, especially infants. While efforts to restore HIV testing services are commendable, more nuanced strategies that promote equitable recovery of HIV testing services can ensure no subpopulations are left behind.</p>","PeriodicalId":50833,"journal":{"name":"Ajar-African Journal of Aids Research","volume":"22 2","pages":"92-101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9944570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early infant male circumcision: Potential for changing adverse gender norms associated with traditional male circumcision among circumcising communities in Kenya.","authors":"Jacob Onyango,&nbsp;Marylyn Ochillo,&nbsp;Eunice Omanga,&nbsp;Ohaga Spala,&nbsp;Gift-Noelle Wango,&nbsp;Edwin Lwanya,&nbsp;Kawango Agot","doi":"10.2989/16085906.2023.2231912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2023.2231912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Introduction</i>: Traditional male circumcision (TMC) inculcates masculine-dominance norms in young men. Early infant male circumcision (EIMC) and medical male circumcision (MMC) can potentially minimise these adverse gender norms. We explored the perceptions about EIMC and MMC among communities practising TMC in Kenya.<i>Method:</i> We conducted focus group discussions with men and women and councils of elders, and key informant interviews with traditional circumcisers. Data were analysed using NVivo 10.<i>Results:</i> Most participants described MC as a rite of passage into adulthood, with the preferred age for MC to occur at 10 to 15 years old. Interestingly, awareness of the advantages of EIMC, especially among younger men and women, was high. Participants acknowledged that TMC reinforces hegemonic masculinity that undermines gender equality. Except among traditional circumcisers and some members of councils of elders, MMC and female providers were largely deemed acceptable.<i>Conclusion:</i> EIMC and MMC are slowly gaining acceptance, providing important tools to challenge adverse gender norms associated with TMC.</p>","PeriodicalId":50833,"journal":{"name":"Ajar-African Journal of Aids Research","volume":"22 2","pages":"136-144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9948608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community health workers can be trained to identify patients eligible for tuberculosis preventive therapy, but encounter barriers to programme implementation in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.","authors":"Sarah Norton,&nbsp;Anthony P Moll,&nbsp;Jabulile Madi,&nbsp;Nkazi Nkomo,&nbsp;Ralph P Brooks,&nbsp;Laurie Andrews,&nbsp;Sheela V Shenoi","doi":"10.2989/16085906.2023.2213213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2023.2213213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide, ranking as the leading cause of death from infectious disease, above HIV and AIDS. South Africa has the sixth highest TB incidence rate in the world and the world's largest HIV epidemic. This study sought to demonstrate the feasibility of community health workers (CHWs) contributing to the implementation of tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) among people living with HIV and AIDS. Twelve community health workers were trained to test for communicable and non-communicable diseases and screen for TPT eligibility. They visited a select number of homes monthly to conduct screening for HIV, TB and non-communicable diseases. We recorded screening results, rates of referral for TPT, linkage to care - defined as being seen in the clinic for TPT - and treatment initiation. Among the 1 279 community members screened, 248 were identified as living with HIV, 99 (39.9%) individuals were identified as eligible for TPT, and 46 (46.5%) were referred to care. Among those referred, the median age was 39 (IQR 30-48) and 29 (63%) linked to care; 11 (37.9%) of those linked subsequently initiated treatment. In rural South Africa, it is feasible to train CHWs to identify and refer patients eligible for TPT, but losses occurred at each step of the cascade. CHWs can facilitate TPT implementation, although further implementation research exploring and addressing barriers to TPT (on an individual, provider and systems level) should be prioritised to optimise their role in rural resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":50833,"journal":{"name":"Ajar-African Journal of Aids Research","volume":"22 2","pages":"131-135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9934658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}