Journal of Medical and Biological Research最新文献

{"title":"Seaweed as an Important Functional Ingredient and Alimentary Raw Material for Enriching the Diet of the Population in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (Review)","authors":"O. Shepeleva, GN Degteva, ON Popova, A. Gudkov, I. Novikova, S. Romanenko, Мariya V. Semenikhina, I. Shevkun","doi":"10.37482/2687-1491-z180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/2687-1491-z180","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analysed scientific literature on seaweed as an additional source of nutrients and biologically active compounds. The studies demonstratе that brown algae are promising raw materials for human nutrition. Algae contain 7 amino acids essential for adults, as well as monoiodotyrosine and diiodotyrosine, which induce a hormone-like effect of algae proteins on the human body. Brown algae fats are represented by both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, which allows us to assume that algae can become an alternative source of essential long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, having a positive effect on the cardiovascular and nervous systems, as well as on the cognitive development of children. It should be emphasized that brown algae are a source of fucosterol, which has hypocholesterolemic, hypotensive, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumour and antidiabetic effects. Algae carbohydrates include polysaccharides unique in their chemical structure and biological activity: alginates, having anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties; fucoidans, producing antibacterial, antioxidant and antitumour effects; and laminarins, exerting immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antitumour and antibacterial effects. Polyphenols contained in algae are not found in terrestrial plants. Algae are a source of iodine and other minerals as well as vitamins. Currently, algae are being used in human diets in a number of countries. However, there are certain problems that require further research, such as the possible side-effects of excessive consumption of seaweed, its daily intake recommendations, and bioavailability of nutrients after seaweed handling and processing. In general, it can be concluded that seaweed may well become an important functional ingredient and alimentary raw material for enriching the diet of the population in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.","PeriodicalId":508258,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Biological Research","volume":"3 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140445617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factor Structure of Gait Parameters in Older Men and Women","authors":"T. P. Shiryaeva, D. Fedotov, Oksana S. Preminina, Anatoly V. Gribanov","doi":"10.37482/2687-1491-z174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/2687-1491-z174","url":null,"abstract":"Ageing negatively affects the quality of walking. There is a relationship between old age and changes in the main spatiotemporal gait parameters. However, this relationship differs between men and women. The question of the influence of sex on postural balance remains relevant today, since conflicting data are found in various sources. The purpose of this research was to study sex-related differences in the factor structure of gait parameters in older adults. Materials and methods. The study involved 80 subjects aged 60–74 years. The mean age was 67.2 ± 2.1 years in the group of women (n = 40) and 67.4 ± 2.0 years in the group of men (n = 40). Gait was assessed using the computer-aided stabilometric complex Balance Manager. The following tests were performed: Sit-to-Stand, Walk Across, Tandem Walk, Step/Quick Turn, and Step-UpandOver. Results. Sex-related features of the factor structure of gait parameters in older adults were revealed. We established that the leading factor in the group of older women is the factor that combines the following parameters: time to execute a motor act (stepping over an obstacle) and speed of simple and tandem walking. In the group of older men, however, the leading factor combines the parameters of time, accuracy and muscle force when performing complex motor acts (turning while walking and stepping over an obstacle).","PeriodicalId":508258,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Biological Research","volume":"188 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140448989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Sodium Cromoglycate and Intramural Ganglia on TNFR1 Gene Expression in the Bronchi of Rats with Ovalbumin-Induced Bronchial Asthma","authors":"L. E. Blazhevich, Olga E. Smirnova, V. Kirilina, P. M. Maslyukov","doi":"10.37482/2687-1491-z176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/2687-1491-z176","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article was to study TNFR1 gene expression in the bronchi of rats with ovalbumininduced bronchial asthma, taking into account intramural metasympathetic ganglia and the stabilization of mast cell membranes with sodium cromoglycate. In this paper, gene expression refers to the accumulation of mRNA in bronchial tissues. Expression of the TNFR1 gene and receptor plays an important role in the development of allergic asthma. For this reason, the TNFR1 gene was chosen for the analysis. Materials and methods. Bronchial samples from Wistar rats were studied using real-time polymerase chain reaction. For experiments, bronchi with ganglia (in the bifurcation area) and bronchi without ganglia (straight sections) were taken. The material was collected from 7 groups of rats: with ovalbumin-induced bronchial asthma (6 groups) and control animals (1 group). Mast cell stabilizer sodium cromoglycate was used to treat 3 groups of rats with simulated asthma. Results. It was found that the expression of mRNA encoding TNFR1 increases in rats developing bronchial asthma. In bronchial samples with ganglia, TNFR1 gene expression was higher than in bronchial preparations without ganglia. Under the influence of sodium cromoglycate, TNFR1 gene expression decreased. Based on the results obtained, it was suggested that mast cells and neurons of the intramural ganglion have a rather pronounced effect on TNFR1 gene expression.","PeriodicalId":508258,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Biological Research","volume":"612 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140446337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Methods of Studying the Neurophysiological Features of Esports Players (Review)","authors":"Andrey F. Pavlov, Vasiliy F. Pyatin, Yu.V. Myakisheva, D. S. Gromova","doi":"10.37482/2687-1491-z166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/2687-1491-z166","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic sports (esports) is a form of competition using video games. Competitions in esports help to develop cognitive skills, abstract thinking, memory, spatial thinking and the ability to navigate the virtual space under time pressure. In this regard, neurophysiological mechanisms implementing and regulating physiological processes when playing esports are a promising topic of research. According to L.P. Matveyev’s classification (2017), esports belongs to the fifth group of sports activities, which is characterized by applying abstract logic under decreased motor activity. Computer games stimulate the development of cognitive functions, such as reaction time, speed of decision making, attention, hand coordination and others, which suggests that the psycho-emotional and psycho-physiological parameters in esports players are similar to those in other athletes. However, it should be noted that the neurophysiological mechanisms of these processes in esports players have been little studied. Since these mechanisms are based on the activity of the central nervous system, it is interesting to consider the bioelectric activity of the cerebral hemispheres in esports players in relation to their cognitive style. In the PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar electronic libraries as well as a number of Russian scientific databases, the authors entered the following search queries: video games, video game addiction, esports, cognitive functions, neurophysiology of esports players, neurophysiological research methods in esports, non-invasive research methods. Based on the literature analysis, methods were identified that allow us to assess the functional state of the brain when processing sensory signals and physiological changes in higher nervous activity as well as to determine peak amplitude of muscle force through signal integration. Further, methods demonstrating controversial results are listed, which do not make it possible to establish the mechanisms of the nervous system. In addition, promising methods are identified that allow us to read brain activity using infrared light.","PeriodicalId":508258,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Biological Research","volume":"24 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139194711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autosensitization in Malignant Neoplasms","authors":"M.Yu. Strekalovskaya","doi":"10.37482/2687-1491-z159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/2687-1491-z159","url":null,"abstract":"Autoantibody formation, as a physiological mechanism of homeostatic regulation, leads to pathological processes when overexpressed. Autoantibodies are produced when the concentration of autoantigens increases, which occurs as a result of tumour necrotization and metastasizing. Autosensitization in known to develop in chronic inflammatory and tumour processes. It is of interest to clarify the significance of antiinflammatory cytokines for the formation of autoantibodies in malignant neoplasms. The purpose of this article was to identify the link between autoantibody formation and concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines in cancer patients. Materials and methods. Immunoassay data of 210 cancer patients of Biokor medical company (Arkhangelsk) were analysed. In the peripheral venous blood, the following were measured: antibodies against phospholipid (IgM, IgG), thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and streptolysin (anti-streptolysin O), anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) and anti-ribonucleoprotein (anti-RNP), as well as interleukins (IL) 1β, 4, 6, 10 and 13, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α). Results. High frequency of elevated concentrations of anti-dsDNA, antiRNP and anti-streptolysin O in the blood of cancer patients was recorded (51.72, 40.48 and 34.78 %, respectively). Most often, increased levels of anti-dsDNA were found, their mean concentrations being the highest as well. The frequency of elevated concentrations of antiphospholipid antibodies was 11.11 % for IgM and 18.42 % for IgG. Increased anti-TPO levels were observed in 14.29 % of cases. Elevated IL-10, IL-1ß and IL-4 were found in 86.90, 23.81 and 10.81 % of cased, respectively, while IL-6 and IL-13 in 5.71 and 3.85 % of cases, respectively. Mean concentrations of the cytokines under study were within the physiological limits, except for IL-10 and TNF-α, which were increased. Elevated concentrations of autoantibodies were associated with increased blood levels of TNF-α and IL-10. Thus, abnormally high blood concentrations of IL-10, which reduces cellular receptor activity, can indirectly contribute to a decrease in the activity of autoantigen disposal and clearance and prolong autosensitization.","PeriodicalId":508258,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Biological Research","volume":"47 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139193168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the Author’s Method of Vibroacoustic Massage with Singing Bowls on the Results of Stabilometry","authors":"Viktor O. Oguy, Elena A. Sazonova, Evgeny V. Bykov","doi":"10.37482/2687-1491-z160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/2687-1491-z160","url":null,"abstract":"In the human population, statokinetic stability disorders are extremely common, although in the vast majority of cases they do not manifest themselves clinically. Such disorders can occur in the pathologies of the central and peripheral nervous systems as well as vestibular and musculoskeletal systems. In recent years, researchers have turned their attention to vibroacoustic massage with singing bowls as one of the methods used to improve the physiological functions of the human body. Of interest is the effect produced by vibroacoustic waves on the balance function, which is partly regulated by the vestibular system. A convenient, safe and objective way to assess the balance function is stabilometry, whose main parameters (length and area of the statokinesiogram, work, and centre of pressure sway velocity) directly reflect a person’s ability to keep the centre of mass in a relatively stable state. The purpose of this article was to study the influence of the author’s method of vibroacoustic massage with singing bowls on statokinetic stability, presented by stabilometric parameters. Materials and methods. The research was performed from November 2019 to March 2020 at the Urals State University of Physical Culture (Chelyabinsk). The subjects (n = 22) underwent a course of procedures according to the author’s method of vibroacoustic massage with singing bowls performed in line with the protocol of the state patent RU2687006C1 (author: Viktor O. Oguy). Stabilometric parameters were assessed before the course, immediately after the course and two weeks after the course using the ST-150 system (OOO Mera-TSP, Moscow) in the standard Romberg’s test and the combined Target Test. Results. It was established that this course of vibroacoustic massage with singing bowls provides a lasting improvement in energy efficiency index of posture control under complicated conditions as well as a temporary improvement in the balance function, which is manifested in increased statokinesiogram length and centre of pressure sway velocity in the Target Test with a fixed target.","PeriodicalId":508258,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Biological Research","volume":"26 52","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139193833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Criteria of the Strain on the Adaptive Mechanisms in Healthy Male Rotational Workers in the Far North","authors":"A. E. Bayanova, Ekaterina V. Zhdanova, Ekaterina G. Luk’yanova","doi":"10.37482/2687-1491-z167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/2687-1491-z167","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the persistent high stress the human body’s functional systems are subjected to in the Far North, the transition from a state of health to a state of illness can occur gradually and unnoticed. Therefore, developing criteria for assessing the body’s adaptive reserves in rotational workers is relevant. The purpose of this article was to study the adaptive potential of healthy men working in rotation in the Far North and to identify screening criteria for the state of adaptation. Materials and methods. A total of 56 men aged 35 to 60 years who have been working in rotation in the oil and gas industry for more than three years were examined. The index of functional changes was calculated based on demographic, anthropometric and haemodynamic parameters. The strength of the nervous system was determined using the tapping test technique. The psycho-emotional state was assessed using the AC-6 Aktivatsiometr device. To determine body reactivity, the subjects’ psycho-emotional state, blood pressure and heart rate were measured before and after the tapping test. Results. The calculation of the index of functional changes allowed us to identify two degrees of adaptation in the subjects: satisfactory and strain on the adaptive mechanisms. Men with strain on the adaptive mechanisms were mostly overweight and often had a weak nervous system. The strain was manifested in heightened psycho-emotional state at rest and this parameter’s lacking reaction to the psycho-emotional stress (tapping test). The weakening of the body’s regulatory systems during strain on the adaptive mechanisms was manifested in an increase in mean dynamic arterial pressure at high vascular stiffness and growing myocardial oxygen demand. As screening criteria of the strain on the adaptive mechanisms, the following can be used: increased diastolic pressure (over 80 mm Hg) at rest in people with high body mass index, as well as low reactivity of the cardiovascular system to psycho-emotional stress.","PeriodicalId":508258,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Biological Research","volume":"205 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139194127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daily Fat Intake and Lipid Metabolism Parameters in the Blood of University Students in the First and Second Years of Study","authors":"E. Kruglikova, R. Ayzman","doi":"10.37482/2687-1491-z161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/2687-1491-z161","url":null,"abstract":"New educational environment of the university and changes in social and living conditions are factors that strain the adaptation mechanisms of first-year students. Inadequate diet can decrease the body’s adaptive and compensatory capabilities and affect its basic functions. The purpose of this research was to study the dynamics of the actual fat content in the diet and key markers of lipid metabolism in the blood of university students in their first and second years of study living in a dormitory. Materials and methods. The same sample of healthy students of both sexes (n = 62) aged 18–21 years studying at Gorno-Altaisk State University were examined in 2020 and 2021. Diet information was obtained through a 7–10-day food diary. Blood concentrations of total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoproteins as well as triglycerides were determined. Results. Daily fat intake of female students (n = 31) in their second year of study (compared with the first year) statistically significantly increased by 9.3 g. At the same time, the girls showed an increase in total cholesterol by 0.2 mmol/l and in triglycerides by 0.2 mmol/l. In the group of male students (n = 31), no statistically significant increase in dietary fats was observed in the second year. However, triglyceride concentrations in the blood plasma of male subjects increased by 0.1 mmol/l. High-density lipoprotein content increased in the second year in both sex groups: by 0.5 mmol/l in female and by 0.2 mmol/l in male respondents. Blood concentrations of low-density lipoproteins remained unchanged during the observed period in both male and female subjects.","PeriodicalId":508258,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Biological Research","volume":"22 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139195066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified Technique for Assessing External Respiration Function in Chronic Tracheostomy Patients","authors":"Dmitriy V. Faynshteyn, Galina A. Sevriukova, Alexey N. Doletsky, Sergey V. Klauchek","doi":"10.37482/2687-1491-z164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/2687-1491-z164","url":null,"abstract":"The function of external respiration (quiet breathing and forced maneuver) was studied in two groups of subjects: 18–24-year-olds (n = 48) and 50–60-year-olds (n = 36). Their parameters were recorded using the Spiro-Spectrum device (Neurosoft). A modified technique was tested taking into account the functionality of respiratory maneuvers in people with a permanent tracheostomy tube. Regression equations were derived to assess the external respiration function in tracheostomy patients and compare their parameters with normal values.","PeriodicalId":508258,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Biological Research","volume":"28 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139190195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between the Degree of Lung Tissue Damage and Functional Capacity in Patients After COVID-19 Pneumonia","authors":"K. F. Borchev","doi":"10.37482/2687-1491-z165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/2687-1491-z165","url":null,"abstract":"Many COVID-19 survivors face various functional disorders. The purpose of this article was to determine the association between the degree of lung tissue damage and functional capacity of patients after COVID-19 pneumonia. Materials and methods. We examined patients (n = 264) aged 46–86 years that had suffered moderate or severe COVID-19 and undergone treatment for bilateral multisegmental pneumonia followed by rehabilitation. Functional capacity was measured using a walk test (at a normal pace to the first signs of exhaustion), taking into account heart rate (HR) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2). The association between the degree of lung tissue damage and test results was analysed using simple and multiple regression analysis. Regression models included the following variables: walking distance, HR and SpO2 at rest and after the test, as well as demographic and clinical characteristics of patients. Results. At normal values of resting SpO2(96.3 ± 1.6 %) and resting HR (81.4 ± 12.1 bpm), fatigue occurred after walking the distance of 130.3 ± 96.4 m, SpO2 decreased to 93.8 ± 3.5 %, HR increased to 96.8 ± 14.0 bpm, the Borg score was 6 ± 3 points. Simple regression analysis showed a negative association of the degree of lung tissue damage with walking distance as well as with resting and after-test SpO2 and a positive association with resting HR. Multiple regression analysis indicated a tendency towards a greater decrease in walking distance and a larger increase in resting HR in men compared to women as well as an increase in walking distance and a reduction in resting HR in patients with chronic diabetes as the degree of lung tissue damage increased. Thus, greater degree of lung tissue damage is associated with decreased functional capacity in patients; however, the extent of this decrease may depend on their burdened history and sex.","PeriodicalId":508258,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Biological Research","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139191386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}