Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power最新文献_第2页

Off-Equilibrium Linearization-Based Control of Nonlinear Time-Delay System and Application to a Turbofan Engine 非线性时延系统的非平衡线性化控制及其在涡扇发动机中的应用

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065993

Wenchong Yang, Yifeng Tang, Wenxiang Zhou, Gang Yang, Jinquan Huang, Tao Cui

{"title":"Off-Equilibrium Linearization-Based Control of Nonlinear Time-Delay System and Application to a Turbofan Engine","authors":"Wenchong Yang, Yifeng Tang, Wenxiang Zhou, Gang Yang, Jinquan Huang, Tao Cui","doi":"10.1115/1.4065993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065993","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Turbofan engines exhibit pronounced nonlinearity, so linearization has become a crucial link between turbofan engine control and linear control theory. Among linearization method, non-equilibrium linearization offers enhanced transient tracking accuracy and superior controller performance compared to methods operating near equilibrium points, making it more suitable for systems with rapid acceleration and deceleration, such as turbofan engines. Hardware-in-Loop (HIL) experiments are essential for verifying turbofan engine controller performance. However, time delay in the HIL platform can induce oscillations of state variables with controllers designed using this linearization method. To address this issue, this paper introduces an off-equilibrium linearization-based control strategy. This strategy employs a non-equilibrium linearized linear model to approximate the nonlinear time-delay system, followed by designing an H∞ controller for the linear time-delay system. The effectiveness of this approach applied to turbofan engines, including its anti-delay and robust tracking capabilities, is validated through simulations, HIL experiments, and semi-physical experiments.","PeriodicalId":508252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141824576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatial Temperature Measurements in a Swirl-Stabilized Hydrogen-Air Diffusion Flame At Elevated Pressure Using Laser-Induced Grating Spectroscopy 利用激光诱导光栅光谱法测量高压下漩涡稳定氢气-空气扩散火焰的空间温度

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065996

Oussama Chaib, Lee Weller, Anthony Giles, Steve Morris, Benjamin A. O. Williams, Simone Hochgreb

引用次数: 0

Generalized Method for the Conceptual Design of Compact Heat Exchangers 紧凑型热交换器概念设计的通用方法

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065922

Petter Miltén, Isak Jonsson, Anders Lundbladh, C. Xisto

引用次数: 0

Characteristics of Premixed Ammonia/Methane/Air Blends as an Alternative Fuel in a Swirl-Stabilized Gas Turbine Combustor Under Varying Pilot Percentage 漩涡稳定燃气轮机燃烧器中作为替代燃料的预混氨/甲烷/空气混合物在不同引气比例下的特性

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065923

Meghna Das Chaudhury, Abinash Sahoo, Kaushik Nonavinakere Vinod, Wesley Fisher, S. Ekkad, Venkat Narayanaswamy, Tiegang Fang

{"title":"Characteristics of Premixed Ammonia/Methane/Air Blends as an Alternative Fuel in a Swirl-Stabilized Gas Turbine Combustor Under Varying Pilot Percentage","authors":"Meghna Das Chaudhury, Abinash Sahoo, Kaushik Nonavinakere Vinod, Wesley Fisher, S. Ekkad, Venkat Narayanaswamy, Tiegang Fang","doi":"10.1115/1.4065923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065923","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Alternative low carbon fuel blends are a promising way towards clean energy transition in the transportation and power generation sectors. In this work, the objective was to study the combustion characteristics of one such low carbon fuel blend (premixed Ammonia, Methane and Air) in a swirl stabilized Gas Turbine Can Combustor under varying % of pilot fuel flow (= 8 % to 10 % of the main fuel flow rate) at atmospheric pressure conditions. Pure Methane was used as the pilot flame which helped in the ignition and stabilization of the main flame and was kept on throughout the experiment. Different volume % of Ammonia and Methane blends were analyzed (starting from 10 to 50 % Ammonia in the fuel blend and the rest being Methane) at Reynolds number of the incoming air ~ 50000, and at equivalence ratio = 0.6 and 0.7. Characteristics such as Combustor liner wall heat load and flame stability were studied using the Infrared Thermography technique and High-Speed flame imaging respectively. Additionally, both carbon and NOx emission trends were estimated for selected cases using the CONVERGE CFD software under steady state conditions incorporating the RANS RNG k-ε and SAGE modeling techniques. Among all cases, wall heat load was observed to be the least for the 50 % Ammonia-50 % Methane case and for cases under reduced pilot %. Also, under reduced pilot %, flames were mostly unstable wherein the manifestation of instabilities at equivalence ratio = 0.6 and 0.7 were markedly different from one another.","PeriodicalId":508252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141655569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Step-by-Step Evaluation of the Fuel Switch From Kerosene to Hydrogen On the Thermodynamic Cycle in Gas Turbine Engines 逐步评估燃气涡轮发动机热力循环中从煤油到氢气的燃料转换

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065926

Alexander Görtz, Björn Schneider

{"title":"Step-by-Step Evaluation of the Fuel Switch From Kerosene to Hydrogen On the Thermodynamic Cycle in Gas Turbine Engines","authors":"Alexander Görtz, Björn Schneider","doi":"10.1115/1.4065926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065926","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hydrogen combustion engines are one of the few possible ways forward to drastically reduce climate impact of aviation. While there is many information about the engine performance of hydrogen combustion engines it is not clear to which extend each property of the fuel switch effects the engines thermodynamic cycle and component behavior. The basic architecture is identical for both fuels but it is not known to which extend already existing and fully designed components can be used for the new application. In this work the basic differences between both fuels are presented using a thermodynamic model of simplified turbojet. The archived knowledge is applied to a reference turbofan for an application similar to an Airbus A320 while burning hydrogen. Different effects occurring during the fuel switch, e.g. higher water loading after combustion and lower fuel mass flow, will be looked at separately. A retrofitted engine towards hydrogen combustion will use 1.5% less energy for the same thrust while operating at 60 K lower temperatures. The working line in the compressors will also switch towards higher mass flow rates despite the higher working fluid quality after combustion. Additionally, a new designed turbofan is presented on preliminary level for a constant fan diameter, to address the effects of different thrust requirements and has a 3.6% lower specific energy consumption.","PeriodicalId":508252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141656922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lean Blow-Off Behaviour of Premixed Bluff-Body Stabilized Hydrocarbon-Air Flames and Ammonia/Hydrogen/Nitrogen-Air Flames 预混合崖体稳定碳氢化合物-空气火焰和氨气/氢气/氮气-空气火焰的稀薄吹脱行为

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065908

Tong Su, Boyan Xu, Rob J. M. Bastiaans, Nicholas Worth

{"title":"Lean Blow-Off Behaviour of Premixed Bluff-Body Stabilized Hydrocarbon-Air Flames and Ammonia/Hydrogen/Nitrogen-Air Flames","authors":"Tong Su, Boyan Xu, Rob J. M. Bastiaans, Nicholas Worth","doi":"10.1115/1.4065908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065908","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The lean blow-off (LBO) behavior of turbulent premixed bluff-body stabilized hydrocarbon flames and ammonia/hydrogen/nitrogen flame is investigated and compared both experimentally and numerically. Simultaneous high-speed PIV and OH-PLIF are employed to resolve temporal flame and flow field information, allowing the curvature and hydrodynamic strain rates along the flame surfaces to be calculated. OH* and NH2* chemiluminescence images are also used to examine flame structures at the same bulk flow velocity but at four equivalence ratios from far away from to near LBO. A NH3/H2/N2 (70%/22.5%/7.5%) flame is slightly more resilient to LBO compared with methane and propane flames at 20 m/s. The hydrocarbon flame structures change from 'V-shape' to 'M-shape' when approaching lean blow-off, resulting in incomplete reactions and finally trigger the LBO. However, the strong OH* intensity in the shear layer near flame root for the ammonia blend flames indicate a robust reaction which can increase flame stability. Widely-distributed positive curvature along the flame surface of the NH3/H2/N2 flames (Le<1) may also enhance combustion. The less strain rates change along NH3/H2/N2 flames fronts due to less dramatic changes to the flame shape and position can extend the stability limits. Furthermore, the faster consumption rates of hydrogen near the flame root for the ammonia blend flames, and the lower temperature loss compared with the adiabatic temperature also contribute to the stabilization of ammonia blends near lean blow-off.","PeriodicalId":508252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141657935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adjoint-Based Optimization for the Venturi Mixer of a Burner 燃烧器文丘里混合器的邻接优化

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065921

Min Xu, Akram Radwan, Yu Xia

{"title":"Adjoint-Based Optimization for the Venturi Mixer of a Burner","authors":"Min Xu, Akram Radwan, Yu Xia","doi":"10.1115/1.4065921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065921","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The optimization of Venturi mixers in burners is critical for enhancing combustion efficiency and minimizing emissions. In this study, we utilize the adjoint method to analyze and refine the design of a Venturi mixer. Our numerical simulations integrate the species transport equation with the Eddy Dissipation Model (EDM) for reacting flow and the generalized k-omega (GEKO) model to simulate turbulence. By solving adjoint equations, we effectively compute the shape sensitivity for various observables, including pressure drop, outlet fuel variance/uniformity deviation index, air and fuel mass flow rates, and outlet CO mass fraction. The shape sensitivity analysis uncovers the interplay between the observables and the appropriate weights for multiple objective optimizations. Subsequently, we perform gradient-based optimizations to enhance the mixer's performance, employing both shape sensitivity and mesh morphing techniques. We conduct a series of case studies focusing on both cold and reacting flows. The optimization of cold flow provides an in-depth exploration of various optimization strategies, encompassing single-objective and multi-objective optimization with diverse weight combinations. Following this, the optimization of reacting flow enhances the mixer's functionality under combustion conditions, emphasizing the reduction of emissions and the increase of combustion efficiency. Our findings showcase the potential of an adjoint-based optimization framework in designing Venturi mixers that are efficient and emit lower levels of pollutants.","PeriodicalId":508252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141658078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Accuracy of Steady Pneumatic Probes in Unsteady Turbomachinery Flows 非稳态透平机械流动中稳定气动探头的精度

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065924

Tim Sebastian Widera, Bastian Patzer, S. Behre, Peter Jeschke

{"title":"Accuracy of Steady Pneumatic Probes in Unsteady Turbomachinery Flows","authors":"Tim Sebastian Widera, Bastian Patzer, S. Behre, Peter Jeschke","doi":"10.1115/1.4065924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065924","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study shows that no additional measurement error due to unsteadiness was detected, when measuring in periodic turbomachinery flows at frequencies up to 5 kHz with steady, pneumatic probes. An experiment was designed, which consisted of abstracted rotors placed in the jet of a free stream wind tunnel. Five steady and unsteady probes were compared in the periodic, turbomachinery-like wakes at Mach numbers up to 0.8. The impacts of unsteadiness, probe head size and shape, and distance between probe and rotor were systematically investigated at up to 90 operating points. Within the limits imposed by unsteady pressure transducers, the experiments demonstrated the absence of a frequency-dependent effect on the measurements by comparing the time-averaged measurements of identically shaped steady and unsteady probes. Measurements with hemispherical five-hole probes of two sizes and kielhead probes at the same location deviated significantly due to different interaction with the upstream rotor. Distance variations between probe and rotor showed that each combination of probe and flow should be evaluated individually. The study concludes that pneumatic probes offer a reasonable means to measure the mean flow downstream of a rotor, accurately reproducing time-averaged values. However, careful individual evaluation of probes is essential to minimise measurement uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":508252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141655836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermodynamic Optimization of Load-Following Operation in a Decarbonized Combined Cycle Power Plant Under Net-Zero Scenarios 净零情景下脱碳联合循环发电厂负载跟随运行的热力学优化

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065920

Silvia Ravelli

{"title":"Thermodynamic Optimization of Load-Following Operation in a Decarbonized Combined Cycle Power Plant Under Net-Zero Scenarios","authors":"Silvia Ravelli","doi":"10.1115/1.4065920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065920","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Post-combustion capture (PCC) by means of mono-ethanolamine (MEA) and hydrogen co-firing, combined with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), were applied to a typical 2x1 combined cycle (CC) with the goal of reaching net-zero CO2 emissions. The novelty lies in integrating decarbonization solutions into the daily operation of the CC, when power generation is adjusted according to fluctuations in electricity demand, throughout two representative days in summer and winter. More specifically, off-design thermodynamic modelling was adapted to incorporate a multivariable optimization problem to find the maximum power plant efficiency as a function of the following decision variables: - load of each gas turbine (GT), spanning from minimum turndown to full load; - EGR rate, in a range that depends on the fuel type: [0; 0.4] for 100% natural gas (NG) vs. [0; 0.55] when hydrogen is fed to the combustor; with the constraint of net power output equal to electricity demand, for given environmental conditions. Suggestions were made to mitigate the energy penalty due to decarbonization in the load-following operation mode, taking the integration of MEA CO2 capture into the NG-fired CC as a benchmark. The solution in which EGR combines optimally with hydrogen in the fuel mixture, with the addition of PCC to abate residual CO2 emissions, has proven to be the most efficient way to provide dispatchable clean energy, especially in cold climates","PeriodicalId":508252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141656586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Swirler Design Parameter Impact On Lean Blowout, Pressure Loss, and Flame Liftoff 涡流器设计参数对贫油喷出、压力损失和火焰升空的影响

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065909

Kevin J. DeMarco, M. Polanka, Brian T. Bohan

{"title":"Swirler Design Parameter Impact On Lean Blowout, Pressure Loss, and Flame Liftoff","authors":"Kevin J. DeMarco, M. Polanka, Brian T. Bohan","doi":"10.1115/1.4065909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065909","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Swirl stabilized combustion is a common technique used in gas turbine engine combustors and is accomplished by introducing swirl into the inlet flow, which enhances mixing and stabilizes the combustion event. Coaxial swirlers introduce the fuel and air axially through concentric inlets and use vanes to impart a tangential component to either the fuel, air, or both flows. The present study conducted a parametric analysis of coaxial swirler design by manufacturing an array of 14 coaxial swirlers scaled for use in low flow, small engine operations which incorporated the same base design but varied the swirl number, Sn, by changing the vane angle between 0° and 63°, vane count between four and ten, and vane shape between traditional and helical. Each design was experimentally evaluated using air and propane at different flow conditions to correlate swirler design with lean blowout limits, pressure loss, and flame liftoff. Lean blowout was primarily influenced by swirl number, while vane count and shape had significant impact at Sn = 0.8 but little impact at Sn = 1.5. Pressure loss was unchanged below a Sn of 0.6, and unlike lean blowout, Sn had little impact at 0.8 but significant impact at 1.5. Finally, flame liftoff was mainly driven by swirl number, with vane count and shape the next significant design parameters.","PeriodicalId":508252,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141657130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0