Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology最新文献

{"title":"Life is in profession, profession is in life (to the 120th anniversary of Professor I.I. Elkin)","authors":"N. I. Briko, Tatiana V. Sokolova","doi":"10.36233/0372-9311-425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-425","url":null,"abstract":"The life and the career of a well-known Russian epidemiologist, health care organizer, public figure, authoritative scientist and pedagogue Professor I.I. Elkin has been portrayed in the article.","PeriodicalId":508236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology","volume":"2001 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140246423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective evaluation of the results of immunodiagnostics for tuberculosis in children","authors":"Natalia A. Volkova, Irina V. Mikheeva, A. A. Melnikova, V. G. Akimkin","doi":"10.36233/0372-9311-477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-477","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. For early immunodiagnostics of tuberculosis (TB) in Russia, the Mantoux test (MT) has been used for decades; since 2013, the recombinant tuberculosis antigen (RTA) test has seen widespread use. \u0000The objective of this retrospective analytic observational cohort study was to evaluate the results of immunodiagnostics for TB in children with newly diagnosed active TB. \u0000Materials and methods. We studied data from Russian TB institutions on the results of MT and RTA assay in children with active and inactive TB first detected in 2013–2018, as well as children with active TB first detected in Moscow in 2017–2022. \u0000Results and discussion. In 2013–2018, out of 12,902 examined children with active TB, 11,673 (90.5%) had positive results of both skin tests and 198 (1.5%) had negative results. A negative RTA assay result with positive MT was found in 861 (6.7%) patients, and a positive RTA assay result with negative MT in 170 (1.3%). The sensitivity of the RTA assay in detecting active TB was 91.3%, while the sensitivity of MT was 97.2% (p 0.01). Similar data were obtained in the same regions in 14,127 children with inactive TB: the sensitivity of MT was higher than that of the RTA assay — 97.2% versus 95.2% (p 0.01). In Moscow, due to the small number of observations in 2022, it was not possible to show statistical reliability of the difference between the sensitivity of MT and RTA assay in detecting active TB in 2017–2022 (95.8% and 92.1% respectively; p 0.5). For the results obtained in 2017–2021, the difference was significant (p 0.05). \u0000Conclusion. The sensitivity of MT is higher than that of the RTA assay in screening children for TB. It is recommended to use the more sensitive MT test for screening children; screening with the RTA assay will increase the number of undetected and undiagnosed cases of active TB in children. Currently, MT cannot be excluded from the algorithm of early TB diagnosis in children.","PeriodicalId":508236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology","volume":"34 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140247825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrative approach to assessing the pathogenic potential of Escherichia coli strains isolated from urine","authors":"Mariia A. Makarova, Z. N. Matveeva, Lidiya A. Kaftyreva","doi":"10.36233/0372-9311-493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-493","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are characterized by the ability to survive and reproduce in the urinary tract due to the presence of specific virulence factors. In routine laboratory practice, the detection of diagnostically significant bacteriuria does not provide an idea of the level of infection of the urinary system (renal parenchyma, bladder), the pathogenic potential of the strain in the progression and chronicity of the infectious process, and the occurrence of life-threatening conditions (urosepsis, meningitis). \u0000Objective. To characterize the population structure, genetic diversity and pathogenic potential of E. coli strains isolated from urine. \u0000Materials and methods. 194 strains of E. coli isolated from urine were studied. Detection of 17 genes encoding the synthesis of: adhesins (pap, fimH, sfa, focG, afa), toxins (hlyA, cvaC, cnf, cdtB), capsular antigens (kpsMTII, kpsMTIII, kpsMT K1), siderophores (fyuA, iutA), invasins (ibeA), genetic markers of the pathogenicity island (PAI) of UPEC CFT073, the gene (traT) encoding serum resistance capacity and phylogenetic groups were performed by PCR (CXT-1000, BioRad, USA) with published primers (Synthol, Sibenzyme, Evrogen, Russia). To assess the statistical significance of differences, Fisher's exact test was used. Differences were considered significant at a confidence interval of 95% (p 0.05). \u0000Results. E. coli strains more often (p 0.05) belonged to the phylogenetic group B2 (57.7%). Pathogenetically significant virulence determinants were identified in 97.9% of strains. Based on the combination of 17 genes, 134 individual virulence genotypes were identified. In 93.3% of strains, a genetic predisposition to the occurrence of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) was revealed, in 6.9% there was a potential for the development of pyelonephritis and recurrent cystitis. Markers of life-threatening complications of UTI were identified in 12% of strains, of which 10.7% were the development of urosepsis and 1.3% were meningitis. \u0000Conclusion. Detection of a complex of genes in E. coli strains isolated from urine confirms the etiological significance of the isolate and allows one to assess the pathogenic potential for the development of chronic and severe life-threatening complications.","PeriodicalId":508236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140245537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the effect of using immunomodulatory \u0000drugs for emergency prevention of experimental \u0000plague caused by a virulent strain of the main \u0000subspecies Yersinia pestis","authors":"Anastasiya Yu. Goncharova, S. Bugorkova, E. V. Kislitsina, V. Germanchuk","doi":"10.36233/0372-9311-415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-415","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Immunomodulatory drugs (ILP) have great potential to increase the nonspecific reactivity of the organism in a set of measures for emergency prevention of plague. The purpose of the work is to evaluate the protective effectiveness of the use of ILP of different groups in experiments on modeling infection with a highly virulent strain of the plague microbe. \u0000Materials and methods. ILP (rIFN-ɣ - recombinant interferon-gamma, PO - azoximer bromide, O1 - glutoxim, O2 - hepon, O3 - imunophan) was administered to white mice and guinea pigs subcutaneously with a virulent test strain of plague Y. pestis 231 (708). In addition, the effect of ILP on the production of interferon-gamma cytokines (IFN-ɣ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) was investigated in white mice before infection. \u0000Results. The study of the effect of ILP on the survival of unvaccinated biomodels made it possible to establish that only rIFN-ɣ and PO increase the survival of two types of laboratory animals by 20-50% and significantly increase the LD50. However, all tested ILP contribute to an increase in the average life expectancy of biomodels by at least a day. An increase in spontaneous and mitogen-induced cytokine production was found only in white mice receiving rIFN-ɣ and PO, which correlates with animal survival rates. \u0000Conclusion. The obtained data indicate the effectiveness of the use of ILP, especially rIFN-ɣ and PO in protecting the macrocompany from infection with Y. pestis, which determines the prospects for research on the further improvement of emergency prevention of plague.","PeriodicalId":508236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology","volume":"58 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139960589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dampening of Proteomics Activity Associated with the COVID-19 Patients Afflicted with Asthma based on Gene Expression Pattern","authors":"Ali Adel Dawood","doi":"10.36233/0372-9311-399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-399","url":null,"abstract":"The SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with a variety of chronic and immune-related diseases, including asthma. Aim: The study aimed to assess the gene expression of COVID-19 patients with or without asthma. Materials and Methods: 20 patient profiles out of a total of 288 were selected from Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE178399). All patients have positive PCR tests and were divided into 4 groups. GEO2R was used to estimate the comparison between groups. STRING tool was used to measure the correlation between genes. The phylogenetic tree was extracted using iTOL. The heat map was extracted using iDEP.96. Results: MMP10 (Matrix metalloproteinase-10), TNFRSF11B (Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11B), CCL23 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 23), CD274 (Programmed cell death 1) CX3CL1 (C-X3-C motif chemokine), and IL-17C (Interleukin-17C) had down-regulation for all patients. Transcriptome data conducted no correlation between the expression of MMP10 and asthma, although there is a significant correlation between the expression of MMP1 and sensitivity. The expression of IL17A, which is strongly related to allergic asthma, is decreased in non-asthmatic individuals but elevated in asthmatic patients, notably in survivors. Patients who were not asthmatic had significantly higher CXCL9 levels. Conclusions: The study revealed a disparity in the relationship between imbalanced gene expressions in the groups examined. The gene expression of asthma patients who survived and died was not significantly different.","PeriodicalId":508236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology","volume":"62 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139843621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dampening of Proteomics Activity Associated with the COVID-19 Patients Afflicted with Asthma based on Gene Expression Pattern","authors":"Ali Adel Dawood","doi":"10.36233/0372-9311-399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-399","url":null,"abstract":"The SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with a variety of chronic and immune-related diseases, including asthma. Aim: The study aimed to assess the gene expression of COVID-19 patients with or without asthma. Materials and Methods: 20 patient profiles out of a total of 288 were selected from Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE178399). All patients have positive PCR tests and were divided into 4 groups. GEO2R was used to estimate the comparison between groups. STRING tool was used to measure the correlation between genes. The phylogenetic tree was extracted using iTOL. The heat map was extracted using iDEP.96. Results: MMP10 (Matrix metalloproteinase-10), TNFRSF11B (Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11B), CCL23 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 23), CD274 (Programmed cell death 1) CX3CL1 (C-X3-C motif chemokine), and IL-17C (Interleukin-17C) had down-regulation for all patients. Transcriptome data conducted no correlation between the expression of MMP10 and asthma, although there is a significant correlation between the expression of MMP1 and sensitivity. The expression of IL17A, which is strongly related to allergic asthma, is decreased in non-asthmatic individuals but elevated in asthmatic patients, notably in survivors. Patients who were not asthmatic had significantly higher CXCL9 levels. Conclusions: The study revealed a disparity in the relationship between imbalanced gene expressions in the groups examined. The gene expression of asthma patients who survived and died was not significantly different.","PeriodicalId":508236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology","volume":"75 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139783845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis B virus preCore/Core region variability in pregnant women in the Republic of Guinea","authors":"","doi":"10.36233/0372-9311-447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-447","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The vertical route of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission is a significant problem in African countries, which is characterized by late diagnosis of the disease and high mortality. The high prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Africa may be due to variability in the HBV preCore/Core region, mutations in which contribute to disease progression. Molecular genetic characterization of strains circulating among pregnant women may reflect the overall mutational profile of the pathogen in the population.The objective of this study was to analyze the variability of the HBV preCore/Core region circulating among pregnant women in the Republic of Guinea.Materials and methods. The study material included 480 plasma samples obtained from HBV-positive pregnant women from the Republic of Guinea. For all samples, the nucleotide sequences of the preCore/Core region of the HBV genome were sequenced and analyzed.Results. Amino acid variability in the preCore region was determined in 211 (43.96%), and in the Core region in 473 (98.54%) patients. 12 polymorphic sites of the preCore region were identified in which amino acid substitutions occurred, including 8, 2 and 5 positions identified for genotypes E, A and D, respectively. In the Core region, 67 substitution positions were identified, including 46 in samples of genotype E, 23 in HBV genotype A and 26 in genotype D. It was shown that the distribution of substitutions in the preCore and Core regions in HBV genotypes E, A and D differs significantly with a predominance in mutations among HBV genotype E —p 0.0001. Individual characteristic mutations have been identified for each genotype. The most common clinically significant mutations in the preCore/Core region in the study group were identified, including pc-H5D (27,08%), pc-W28* (35,21%), c-E64D (33,54%), c-L116I/V/G (91,46 %), c-T146N (73,13%). The double mutation A1762T/G1764A in the basal core promoter was shown in 74 samples of HBV genotype E, which accounted for 15.42% of the total group and 16.59% of patients with HBV genotype E.Conclusion. The frequency of clinically significant preCore/Core mutations among pregnant women in the Republic of Guinea was determined. The data obtained reflect their prevalence in the general population and can be used to predict the progression of chronic HBV among the region's population.","PeriodicalId":508236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139607088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The increase in the incidence of syphilis in the Russian Federation: foreign migrant citizens as a risk group for the spread of the disease","authors":"M. Rakhmatulina, N. I. Briko, E. Novoselova, P. D. Lopukhov","doi":"10.36233/0372-9311-382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-382","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has a serious impact on the health and lives of children, adolescents and adults. Syphilis, like most STIs, is a socially significant disease, while among the factors influencing the spread of this infection, migration processes, including labor migration, occupy a special place. \u0000Aims. To study syphilis in foreign migrants in the Russian Federation and individual subjects of the state in recent years. \u0000Material and methods. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence of syphilis among the population of the Russian Federation and foreign migrants was performed. The data from Federal Statistical Monitoring Form No. 9 and No. 34 was used with reference to STIs incidence in 2011–2022 in Russia and in its regions. \u0000Results. Among foreign migrant citizens, the incidence rates were higher than the Russian average: 1.5–2.0 times before 2020, and 4 times in 2021 and 2022. The proportion of registered cases of syphilis among foreign citizens in 2021 was 36.4%, significantly exceeding this figure not only in 2020 (18.2%), but also in previous years (16.7–21.2%). An increase in the number of foreign citizens with syphilis was observed in 2021 in all federal districts of the Russian Federation, while the number of syphilis cases detected in this contingent of people varied significantly between different regions of the Russian Federation. The main share (98.1%) in the structure of syphilis detected in foreign citizens was latent forms of the disease. \u0000Conclusions. The high level of detection of syphilis in foreign migrant citizens and the predominance of latent forms of the disease in this population represent a potential epidemiological danger of the spread of infection. In connection with the current situation, it seems necessary to develop and implement permanent and controlled algorithms for monitoring STIs in risk groups, including foreign migrant citizens.","PeriodicalId":508236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology","volume":"55 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139386019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a methodology for molecular genetic monitoring for the cholera causative agent","authors":"A. S. Vodopyanov, S. O. Vodopyanov, R. V. Pisanov, I. P. Oleynikov, A. Noskov","doi":"10.36233/0372-9311-388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-388","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The ongoing cholera pandemic determines the relevance of the development and improvement of methods for analysis of data on genome-wide sequencing of the cholera pathogen. This is of particular importance in the light of the challenges of import substitution of foreign products, including software. \u0000The aim of the study was to develop a methodology for molecular genetic monitoring for the cholera causative agent using online geographic information system (GIS) and analysis with its help of strains isolated in Russia earlier. \u0000Materials and methods. Data from genome-wide sequencing of 2598 toxigenic (ctxAB+tcpA+) strains of V. cholerae O1 El Tor, both obtained by the authors on the MiSeq (Illumina) platform, and retrieved from the NCBI database were used in the study. The SNP analysis software was developed in the Java and Python programming languages. Cytoscape program was used to visualize the dendrogram. The development of online GIS was carried out using the programming languages HTML, JavaScript and PHP. The freely distributed Leaflet library written in JavaScript was used as the core. Maps obtained from the OpenStreetMap community were used as cartographic data. \u0000Results and discussion. A universal set of SNPs and software have been developed to analyze the data of genome-wide sequencing of cholera vibrio strains. It was shown that the majority of strains were distributed among several large clusters. The most closely related strains for cholera vibrions isolated in Russia since 2001 have been identified. An online GIS \"Molecular genetic monitoring for V. cholerae\" has been created, which allows the recognition of closely related strains directly on an electronic map.","PeriodicalId":508236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139385954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of registered and hidden epidemic process of tick-borne encephalitis in the Republic of Karelia","authors":"Lyudmila V. Rubis, V. E. Chevskaya, O. Ekimova, O. S. Safonova","doi":"10.36233/0372-9311-401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-401","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The incidence of tick-borne encephalitis in the Russia remains relevant. The assessment of the epidemic process in the Republic of Karelia is important not only in terms of understanding its general patterns, but in connection with the growth of tourist attendance in the region. \u0000Aims: To assess the current epidemic situation of tick-borne encephalitis in the Republic of Karelia, and to compare the characteristics of registered and hidden epidemic processes. \u0000Materials and methods. The risk of infection and incidence were estimated based on the analysis of the registered cases of seeking medical help in connection with tick bites, the results of a study of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection rate in ticks, and the epidemiological investigation of cases of tick-borne encephalitis in 1992–2022. Clinical, gender and age structure, territorial distribution of patients and victims of the tick bites were compared with the results of serological studies of 2379 blood samples of the adult population, conducted in 2011–2022. \u0000Results. Infection rates of ticks removed from humans ranged from 23.6–27.0% in 2002–2005 to 1.0% in 2022. In 2004, the TBEV antigen was detected in mosquitoes. The territory of risk is the southern part of Republic. However, the increase in number of cases of seeking medical help was observed in the northern part of Republic. The incidence rates exceeded the national average, especially in 2003–2004 (15.3–11.6 per 100 thousand). In 2021–2022, it decreased to 1.8–1.5 per 100,000. The dynamics of incidence had a high-degree correlation with the dynamics of seeking medical help and infection rates in ticks (R = 0.92 and 0.73). The reported incidence was lower than the estimated risk of infection. The meningeal forms of infection were most often diagnosed. The risk of the disease was higher in the elderly and in men, which was determined by the conditions of infection. Antibodies to TBEV were detected in 11.8 ± 0.7% of the examined persons. \u0000Conclusion. A steady decrease in rates of registered tick-borne encephalitis incidence has been revealed in the Republic of Karelia, mainly due to the action of biological and natural factors. The assessment of seroprevalence made it possible to reveal the hidden part of the epidemic process.","PeriodicalId":508236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139387468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}