Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials最新文献

{"title":"Numerical simulation analysis of forming of continuous fiber reinforced polypropylene composites: Relaxation, creep, and hot stamping","authors":"Wei Guo, Jialong Zhao, Feng Zhao, Xiaorui Liu, Tao Feng, Hongxu Yan","doi":"10.1177/08927057231218274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057231218274","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the viscoelastic constitutive equation of continuous glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composites based on the generalized Maxwell model and SCFM model was constructed by combining genetic algorithm. Based on this, a multi-scale numerical model for describing material relaxation and creep is proposed, and the accuracy of different scale models was compared through experiments. The forming state of the workpiece under various stamping speeds and preheating temperatures was also examined using a hot stamping numerical model. The independent design of the hot stamping hemispherical mold was used to confirm the hot stamping model's accuracy. The study's findings demonstrate that the macroscopic model can accurately simulate the relaxation and creep of composite materials. The hot stamping simulation results are match up well with experimental results. Composite molding defects appeared at the waist of the part, and defects were accompanied by resin loss.","PeriodicalId":508178,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139238745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application and thermal field analysis of multilayer thermal insulation in in-situ forming process of thermoplastic composites","authors":"Wuqiang Wang, Yong Li, D. Huan, Hongquan Liu, Yanrui Li, Zehui Hu","doi":"10.1177/08927057231218703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057231218703","url":null,"abstract":"The carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF/PEEK) composite material can achieve high efficiency and integrated assembly molding through in-situ consolidation, suitable for the preparation of high-speed motor rotor sleeves. However, the high forming temperature of CF/PEEK may cause demagnetization of the magnet once the temperature exceeds the curie temperature of the magnet. To address the insulation issues during the sleeve forming process, this study proposes using metal-containing multilayer thermal insulations (MTI) to prepare the insulation layer, which takes advantage of the heat transfer within the metal layer to achieve thickness-wise insulation. A finite element heat field model is established to analyze the effect of material thermal properties, layer structure, and thermal field conditions on the thermal insulation effect. The response surface methodology analysis shows that metal materials with high thermal conductivity and high volume-specific heat have better insulation performance. The highest temperature of the bottom surface of the copper-containing MTI is only 64% of that of the glass fiber reinforced polypropylene (GF/PP) layer MTI. Analysis of the layer structure shows that the closer the metal layer is to the heat source, the better the insulation effect. The sensitivity analysis of the thermal field conditions shows that the thermal conductivity of the inner layer has a greater impact on the insulation effect. Subsequently, the MTI containing copper was optimized in response to the specific insulation requirements of the motor rotor sleeve, providing a reference for the application of in-situ consolidated integrated assembly molding in thermoplastic composites.","PeriodicalId":508178,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":"7 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139244710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning prediction in distortion behavior of unsymmetric laminates under hygrothermal environment","authors":"Rui Huang, Yongpeng Lei, Tianhui Hao, Qinxi Dong, H. Wang","doi":"10.1177/08927057231218273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057231218273","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the effects of curing process and hygrothermal environment on the distortion behaviors of continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 (CF/PA6) unsymmetric laminates. To accurately characterize the shape of CF/PA6 unsymmetric laminates in the water absorption process, the 3D model reconstruction with different water content is carried by combining 3D scanner and secondary development in Abaqus. A full-field displacement comparison method is proposed to calculate the equivalent thermal/moisture expansion coefficient, and the effectiveness of numerical simulation is verified. The dataset with 2816 instances is further constructed through finite element method. Through grid search and five-fold cross validation, the ANN model is trained and validated according to R 2 and MSE criterion. The well-trained ANN model builds the mapping relationship between lay-up design parameters, hygrothermal environment and the distortion parameters of unsymmetric laminates.","PeriodicalId":508178,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":"16 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139243949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of expanded graphite and paraffin wax on the morphological, thermal, and rheological properties of PP/EVA blend","authors":"T. G. Mofokeng, M. Motloung, S. Skosana, M. T. Motloung, M. Mochane","doi":"10.1177/08927057231217206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057231217206","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated the effect of paraffin wax, expanded graphite, and their dispersion on the properties of the blend of polypropylene (PP) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA). The idea is to reduce interfacial tension in blends of PP and EVA while enhancing the properties of blends in the process. The chosen optimum contents of the paraffin wax and EG in the 80/20 PP/EVA blend were 10 and 6 wt.%, respectively. The morphological features show that the expanded graphite (EG) particles had high affinity for each other. Moreover, EG filler particles are localized inside the minor EVA phase and some at the interface. Rheological properties revealed that the flow of the binary composites increased when 10 wt.% wax is added suggesting that wax enhanced the processability of the composites. The Cole-Cole plots deviated from the semi-circular arc suggesting heterogeneity in the blend and PP/EVA/Wax/EG composite. The addition of paraffin wax and EVA delayed crystallization of PP, while earlier crystallization of PP was promoted by the presence of EG. Generally, all samples caught fire after 10 s, started dripping and are thus given a V-2 rating according to the Underwriters Laboratories test standard 94 results (UL-94).","PeriodicalId":508178,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139252318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the anisotropic squeeze flow during hot press consolidation of thermoplastic unidirectional fiber-reinforced tapes","authors":"E. Kobler, Janos Birtha, C. Marschik, Klaus Straka, G. Steinbichler, Sven Schlecht","doi":"10.1177/08927057231214458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057231214458","url":null,"abstract":"The anisotropic material behavior of continuous-fiber-reinforced composites that is evident in their mechanical properties should also be considered in their processing. An important step in the processing of thermoplastic unidirectional (UD) fiber-reinforced tapes is consolidation, where a layup consisting of locally welded UD tape layers is firmly bonded. Compression of the molten thermoplastic matrix material during consolidation leads to a squeeze flow, the direction of which is determined by the fibers. This work presents a model that describes the influence of fiber direction on compression and flow behavior, implemented in the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software tool OpenFOAM®. To validate the simulation results, we performed experiments in a laboratory consolidation unit, capturing the squeeze flow with cameras and then quantifying it by gray-scale analysis. The specimens used were UD polycarbonate tapes (44% carbon fibers by volume) of various sizes and with various fiber directions. The simulation allows prediction of the changes in specimen geometry during consolidation and is a first step towards optimizing the process by avoiding extensive squeeze flow.","PeriodicalId":508178,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":"179 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139254728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the extraction method on the chemical, physical and mechanical characteristics of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) petiole fibers for the reinforcement of composite materials","authors":"É. Ze, J. C. Bidoung, W. Nzié, T. Tchotang, B. Kenmeugne","doi":"10.1177/08927057231216743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057231216743","url":null,"abstract":"For their use in polymer and composite materials engineering, and with a view to sustainable development, a great deal of work has been carried out with the aim of describing the properties of plant fibers. This work presents the effects of the extraction method on the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of oil palm petiole fibers (OPPF). To this end, the FPPH to be analyzed were obtained by water retting and chemical retting with soda (5% solution). Their physico-chemical and mechanical characteristics were then studied and compared. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the existence of the main components of lignocellulosic fiber (lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose). Lignin was reduced by 22.74%, hemicellulose by 27.33% and cellulose by 16.87% compared to water retting. XRD revealed a crystallinity index of 58.66% for fibers extracted with a 5% sodium solution and 58.51% for fibers extracted with water retting. Soda retting reduces density by 3%. Tensile tests revealed an average tensile strength of 156.082 MPa for water-rubbed fibers and 205.875 MPa for soda-rubbed fibers, Young’s modulus of 3.432 GPa for water-rubbed fibers and 5.346 GPa for soda-rubbed fibers. Elongation at break for FPPH extracted by water retting was 5.178% and 4.41% respectively. This shows that the extraction method affects mechanical properties (flexibility and stiffness) and should be chosen according to the desired characteristic.","PeriodicalId":508178,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139255654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of carbon-based nanofillers on mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of bast fiber reinforced polymer composites","authors":"Md. Syduzzaman, Kawser Parveen Chowdhury, Fahmida Faiza Fahmi, Shaida Sultana Rumi, Abir Hassan","doi":"10.1177/08927057231216740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057231216740","url":null,"abstract":"Bast fiber-reinforced polymer composites (BFRPs) are grabbing considerable research attention due to their assertive impact on the environment and excellence in biodegradability. Though BFRPs have excellent ecological performance factors, they also lack in some cases, such as lower mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, due to the significant moisture absorption, minimal thermal stability, and inherent nature of bast fibers. BFRPs exhibit weaker fiber/matrix interfacial adhesion as compared to synthetic fiber-reinforced polymer composites, resulting in lower mechanical properties. Nowadays, a wide variety of fiber and matrix modification techniques are practiced improving the fiber-matrix interaction, which ultimately improves the mechanical properties. Among the fiber and matrix modification techniques, nanofiller integration is the most promising one. This study reviews the impacts of introducing carbon-based nanofillers, particularly graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNT), in diversified BFRPs. The influence of carbon-based nanofillers on the mechanical, electrical, and thermal behavior of BFRPs and their potential prospects are comprehensively reviewed. The paper concludes with the challenges and difficulties in composite processing, along with the techniques for overcoming them.","PeriodicalId":508178,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139263167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of friction and wear performance of eco-friendly basalt filler reinforced polylactic acid composite using the Taguchi approach","authors":"P. Jagadeesh, Madhu Puttegowda, Indran Suyambulingam, M. K. Gupta, Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa, S. Siengchin","doi":"10.1177/08927057231211231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057231211231","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of this research is to utilize sustainable and eco-friendly basalt materials for the fabrication of bio-based thermoplastic composites. This will help to keep up with ecologically balanced factors. There have been several studies on natural fiber reinforced with different polymer matrices during the past 10 years. As a result, the academics and experts expressed concern about the environmental imbalance. By keeping these points, an attempt was made to fabricate basalt fillers reinforced polylactic acid composites with the maximum weight ratio (30 wt %), and the tribological study is conducted for the fabricated composites. In this study, the Taguchi and analysis of variance (ANOVA) approaches have been used to analyze the coefficient of friction (COF) and specific wear rate (SWR) of polylactic acid composite reinforced with constant 30 wt% basalt fillers. The morphology, particle size, and elemental composition of the basalt fillers are examined using scanning electron microscopy, a particle size distribution analyzer, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, respectively. The tribology tests are conducted with Pin-on-Disk Tribometer following the ASTM G99 standard, following the L18 orthogonal array design, which was developed using the statistical program MINITAB-19. The selected parameters for the analysis are basalt (wt %), load (N), speed (rpm), and distance (m) under dry conditions. For PLA samples, the optimum parameters in response to COF is found to be 0 wt% basalt, 3 N load, 100 rpm speed, and 100 m distance; for the SWR output, the optimum parameters are 30 wt% basalt, 6 N load, 100 rpm speed, and 150 m distance. The consistent observation is that adding basalt fillers has not significantly reduced COF but has contributed more to SWR reduction with PLA composite. The best COF value for PLA samples is obtained with low sliding distance. The typical observation across all COF graphs is that the COF value first seems to be lower due to a smoothened polymer surface, rises throughout an experiment, and then stabilizes with very little variance. Regardless of the processing parameters, the depth of wear steadily increases with increasing load as observed in 2D depth profiles. The neat PLA polymer morphology that gives the illusion of deep grooves and many tracks dispersed over a single worn surface shows how the maximum parameter influence is more obvious on the surface of the sample. Overall, the results suggest that thermoplastic composites are feasible for the manufacturing of paper mill rollers.","PeriodicalId":508178,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139264066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weld-line strength prediction for glass fiber reinforced polyamide-6 material through integrative simulation and its experimental validation","authors":"G. Jadhav, V. Gaval","doi":"10.1177/08927057231216747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057231216747","url":null,"abstract":"Injection molding is one of the preliminary production methods for plastic components. Typically, injection molding Moldflow simulations predicts potential issues like air void, weld-line, warpage etc. This work focuses on weld-line defect, which occurs when two or more flow fronts are meets each other during filling of the cavity. Most of the commercial algorithms are based on isotropic and homogeneous material assumptions however plastic materials are anisotropic and heterogeneous in nature. Therefore, accuracy with isotropic solvers may vary with actual reality. To consider material anisotropy and heterogeneous nature of the material, an integrative simulation is advantageous technology which gives more realistic results. A unique approach of integrative simulations has been used in this work to predict the strength of the weld-line as there is no direct standard procedure or software available to get weld-line strength. Moldflow simulation is performed on specially designed plaque wherein the weld-line is reproduced considering 30% glass-filled polyamide-6 material. The new material model is developed by mapping the structural model of tensile specimens on the Moldflow simulated plaque with integrative mapping approach. The mapped model considers fiber orientation and weld-line characteristics of the material which is then solved in the Abaqus structural solver. Experimental validation is performed by manufacturing of weld-line plaques, specimen preparation, and experimental testing. The results correlation is done for an isotropic and anisotropic material model with experimental results. The correlation study shows, a significant difference in results for isotropic simulation and integrative anisotropic simulations. The failure pattern and load-displacement behavior of integrative simulation is close match with experimental results with minimum 93% accuracy.","PeriodicalId":508178,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139267773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the torsional characteristics of 3D printed polyvinylidene fluoride composite","authors":"Minhaz Husain, Rupinder Singh, B. Pabla","doi":"10.1177/08927057231216746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057231216746","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent past some studies have been reported on the compressive, tensile, and flexural properties of 3D-printed polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite-based intramedullary (IM) pins for canines. However, in actual working conditions (due to trauma or accident), the IM pin may also be under torsional loading conditions. But hitherto little has been testified on the torsional behavior of PVDF composite-based IM pins. This study highlights the torsional behavior at 1 rpm (from 0 to 800° of the angle of twist/rotation) of PVDF composite (PVDF-90%; hydroxyapatite (HAp8%); chitosan (CS2%)) based IM pin fabricated by fused filament fabrication (FFF) process. The study suggests that better torsional properties were obtained for 3D printed samples prepared at nozzle temperature (NT) of 235°C, raster angle (RA) of 45°, and printing speed (PS) of 60 mm/s respectively resulting in a maximum torque of 3.44 Nm at the angle of twist of 800° (as per ASTM A938). The morphological analysis based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) supports the results of the fractured surface (at cross section) and along the lateral axis.","PeriodicalId":508178,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139267313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}