American Journal of Chinese Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Glycyrrhizic Acid in Treatment of Autoimmune Hepatitis.","authors":"Xiaoyue Bi, Liu Yang, Yanjie Lin, Wen Deng, Tingting Jiang, Lu Zhang, Yao Lu, Wei Yi, Yao Xie, Minghui Li","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X23500209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X23500209","url":null,"abstract":"To compare the long-term efficacy and safety of glycyrrhizic acid preparation and hormone treatment in patients with autoimmune hepatitis, we enrolled 377 patients in a study that lasted from January 2009 to January 2020. After performing propensity score matching, we included 58 patients in the hormone group and 58 in the glycyrrhizic acid preparation group in statistical analysis. We then compared the ratio of sustained biochemical responses at 48 weeks after treatment. Adverse events, including some incidence of decompensated liver cirrhosis and liver cancer, were evaluated. The results showed that a total of 61.8% of treated patients achieved complete biochemical remission. The cumulative biochemical remission rate in the hormone group and glycyrrhizic acid preparation group showed no significant difference (62.3% vs. 60.7%, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). At the end of follow-up, the total bile acid in the hormone group was significantly higher than that in the glycyrrhizic acid preparation group (8.9[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol/L vs. 5.6[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol/L, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). The incidence of adverse reactions in the hormone group was significantly higher than that in the glycyrrhizic acid preparation group (31.03% vs. 15.52%, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). In conclusion, compared with the hormone treatment, glycyrrhizic acid preparation might be a safe and effective treatment for autoimmune hepatitis.","PeriodicalId":50814,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chinese Medicine","volume":"51 2","pages":"391-405"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9563101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paeoniflorin Coordinates Macrophage Polarization and Mitigates Liver Inflammation and Fibrogenesis by Targeting the NF-[Formula: see text]B/HIF-1α Pathway in CCl₄-Induced Liver Fibrosis.","authors":"Yang Liu,&nbsp;Chun-Yu He,&nbsp;Xue-Mei Yang,&nbsp;Wei-Cong Chen,&nbsp;Ming-Jia Zhang,&nbsp;Xiao-Dan Zhong,&nbsp;Wei-Guang Chen,&nbsp;Bing-Lian Zhong,&nbsp;Song-Qi He,&nbsp;Hai-Tao Sun","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X2350057X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X2350057X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liver fibrosis is a disease largely driven by resident and recruited macrophages. The phenotypic switch of hepatic macrophages can be achieved by chemo-attractants and cytokines. During a screening of plants traditionally used to treat liver diseases in China, paeoniflorin was identified as a potential drug that affects the polarization of macrophages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of paeoniflorin in an animal model of liver fibrosis and explore its underlying mechanisms. Liver fibrosis was induced in Wistar rats via an intraperitoneal injection of CCl₄. In addition, the RAW264.7 macrophages were cultured in the presence of CoCl₂ to simulate a hypoxic microenvironment of fibrotic livers <i>in vitro</i>. The modeled rats were treated daily with either paeoniflorin (100, 150, and 200[Formula: see text]mg/kg) or YC-1 (2[Formula: see text]mg/kg) for 8 weeks. Hepatic function, inflammation and fibrosis, activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC), and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition were assessed in the <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> models. The expression levels of M1 and M2 macrophage markers and the NF-[Formula: see text]B/HIF-1[Formula: see text] pathway factors were measured using standard assays. Paeoniflorin significantly alleviated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, as well as hepatocyte necrosis in the CCl₄-induced fibrosis model. Furthermore, paeoniflorin also inhibited HSC activation and reduced ECM deposition both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>. Mechanistically, paeoniflorin restrained M1 macrophage polarization and induced M2 polarization in the fibrotic liver tissues as well as in the RAW264.7 cells grown under hypoxic conditions by inactivating the NF-[Formula: see text]B/HIF-1[Formula: see text] signaling pathway. In conclusion, paeoniflorin exerts its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects in the liver by coordinating macrophage polarization through the NF-[Formula: see text]B/HIF-1[Formula: see text] pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":50814,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chinese Medicine","volume":"51 5","pages":"1249-1267"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9852498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Veratramine Inhibits the Cell Cycle Progression, Migration, and Invasion via ATM/ATR Pathway in Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Hee-Yeon Kim,&nbsp;Seoung-Woo Lee,&nbsp;Seong-Kyoon Choi,&nbsp;Janbolat Ashim,&nbsp;Wansoo Kim,&nbsp;Su-Min Beak,&nbsp;Jin-Kyu Park,&nbsp;Jee Eun Han,&nbsp;Gil-Jae Cho,&nbsp;Zae Young Ryoo,&nbsp;Jain Jeong,&nbsp;Yong-Ho Lee,&nbsp;Hyohoon Jeong,&nbsp;Wookyung Yu,&nbsp;Song Park","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X2350060X","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X2350060X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prostate cancer (PC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among men. Treatment of PC becomes difficult after progression because PC that used to be androgen-dependent becomes androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC). Veratramine, an alkaloid extracted from the root of the <i>Veratrum</i> genus, has recently been reported to have anticancer effects that work against various cancers; however, its anticancer effects and the underlying mechanism of action in PC remain unknown. We investigated the anticancer effects of veratramine on AIPC using PC3 and DU145 cell lines, as well as a xenograft mouse model. The antitumor effects of veratramine were evaluated using the CCK-8, anchorage-independent colony formation, trans-well, wound healing assays, and flow cytometry in AIPC cell lines. Microarray and proteomics analyses were performed to investigate the differentially expressed genes and proteins induced by veratramine in AIPC cells. A xenograft mouse model was used to confirm the therapeutic response and <i>in vivo</i> efficacy of veratramine. Veratramine dose dependently reduced the proliferation of cancer cells both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Moreover, veratramine treatment effectively suppressed the migration and invasion of PC cells. The immunoblot analysis revealed that veratramine significantly downregulated Cdk4/6 and cyclin D1 via the ATM/ATR and Akt pathways, both of which induce a DNA damage response that eventually leads to G1 phase arrest. In this study, we discovered that veratramine exerted antitumor effects on AIPC cells. We demonstrated that veratramine significantly inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells via G0/G1 phase arrest induced by the ATM/ATR and Akt pathways. These results suggest that veratramine is a promising natural therapeutic agent for AIPC.</p>","PeriodicalId":50814,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chinese Medicine","volume":"51 5","pages":"1309-1333"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9858682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in the Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine Using Artificial Intelligence: A Review.","authors":"Sheng Zhang,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Xitian Pi,&nbsp;Zichun He,&nbsp;Hongying Liu","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X23500490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X23500490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), as one of the crystallizations of Chinese wisdom, emphasizes the balance of Yin and Yang to keep the body healthy. Under the theoretical guidance of a holistic view, the diagnostic process in TCM has characteristics of subjectivity, fuzziness, and complexity. Therefore, realizing standardization and achieving objective quantitative analysis are the bottlenecks of the development of TCM. The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has brought unprecedented challenges and opportunities to traditional medicine, which is expected to provide objective measurements and improve the clinical efficacy. However, the combination of TCM and AI is still in its infancy and currently faces many challenges. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive discussion of the existing advances, problems, and prospects of the applications of AI technologies in TCM with the hope of promoting a better understanding of the TCM modernization and intellectualization.</p>","PeriodicalId":50814,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chinese Medicine","volume":"51 5","pages":"1067-1083"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9861887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diosgenin Attenuates Myocardial Cell Apoptosis Triggered by Oxidative Stress through Estrogen Receptor to Activate the PI3K/Akt and ERK Axes.","authors":"Michael Yu-Chih Chen,&nbsp;Bruce Chi-Kang Tsai,&nbsp;Wei-Wen Kuo,&nbsp;Chia-Hua Kuo,&nbsp;Yueh-Min Lin,&nbsp;Dennis Jine-Yuan Hsieh,&nbsp;Pei-Ying Pai,&nbsp;Shih-Chieh Liao,&nbsp;Shang-En Huang,&nbsp;Shin-Da Lee,&nbsp;Chih-Yang Huang","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X23500556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X23500556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular diseases in post-menopausal women are on a rise. Oxidative stress is the main contributing factor to the etiology and pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Diosgenin, a member of steroidal sapogenin, is structurally similar to estrogen and has been shown to have antioxidant effects. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of diosgenin in preventing oxidation-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and assessed its potential as a substitute substance for estrogen in post-menopausal women. Apoptotic pathways and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells and neonatal cardiomyocytes treated with diosgenin for 1[Formula: see text]h prior to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) stimulation. H₂O₂-stimulated H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells displayed cytotoxicity and apoptosis via the activation of both Fas-dependent and mitochondria-dependent pathways. Additionally, it led to the instability of the mitochondrial membrane potential. However, the H₂O₂-induced H9c2 cell apoptosis was rescued by diosgenin through IGF1 survival pathway activation. This led to the recovery of the mitochondrial membrane potential by suppressing the Fas-dependent and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Diosgenin also inhibited H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis through the estrogen receptor interaction with PI3K/Akt and extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 activation in myocardial cells. In this study, we confirmed that diosgenin attenuated H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis through estrogen receptors-activated phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling pathways in myocardial cells via estrogen receptor interaction. All results suggest that H₂O₂-induced myocardial damage is reduced by diosgenin due to its interaction with estrogen receptors to decrease the damage. Herein, we conclude that diosgenin might be a potential substitute substance for estrogen in post-menopausal women to prevent heart diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":50814,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chinese Medicine","volume":"51 5","pages":"1211-1232"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9864132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quercetin Inhibits Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma by Inducing Ferroptosis and Inhibiting Invasion via the NF-[Formula: see text]B Pathway.","authors":"Yinghui Song,&nbsp;Zhihua Zhang,&nbsp;Qin Chai,&nbsp;He Zheng,&nbsp;Yuchen Qi,&nbsp;Guoyi Xia,&nbsp;Zhangtao Yu,&nbsp;Ranzhiqiang Yang,&nbsp;Junkai Huang,&nbsp;Yuhang Li,&nbsp;Chuang Peng,&nbsp;Bo Jiang,&nbsp;Sulai Liu","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X23500337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X23500337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a rare, highly fatal hepatobiliary malignancy, with very limited treatment options and, consequently, a poor prognosis. Recently, emerging evidence has suggested the potential of quercetin (QE) for use in cancer therapy. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether QE could inhibit ICC. The effects of QE on the proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion of ICC were analyzed <i>in vitro</i>. The inhibitory effect of QE on ICC was also verified <i>in vivo</i>. The RNA sequence was applied to explore the mechanism of QE. Functional verification was also performed after RNA sequencing using activators and inhibitors of nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-[Formula: see text]B) and ferroptosis. The results showed that QE could inhibit the proliferation and survival of ICC cells, induce the arrest of ICC cells in the G1 phase, promote the apoptosis of ICC cells, and inhibit the invasion of ICC cells. Furthermore, QE could promote ferroptosis in ICC cells by inhibiting the NF-[Formula: see text]B pathway. In conclusion, QE is a new ferroptosis inducer and NF-[Formula: see text]B inhibitor that can not only induce ferroptosis, but also inhibit the invasion of ICC cells, providing a prospective strategy for the treatment of ICC.</p>","PeriodicalId":50814,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chinese Medicine","volume":"51 3","pages":"701-721"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9874919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amelioration of Lung Fibrosis by Total Flavonoids of Astragalus via Inflammatory Modulation and Epithelium Regeneration.","authors":"Chen-Guang Yang,&nbsp;Xue-Li Mao,&nbsp;Jun-Fei Wu,&nbsp;Xiang An,&nbsp;Jia-Jia Cao,&nbsp;Xiao-Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Min Li,&nbsp;Fang-Fang Zhang","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X23500192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X23500192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is identifiable by the excessive increase of mesenchyme paired with the loss of epithelium. Total flavonoids of Astragalus (TFA), the main biologically active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine, <i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> (Huangqi), shows outstanding effects on treating pulmonary disorders, including COVID-19-associated pulmonary dysfunctions. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of TFA on treating pulmonary fibrosis and the possible mechanisms behind these effects. A549 cells were treated with TGF-[Formula: see text]1 and TFA to observe the potential effects of TFA on regulating alveolar epithelial cell proliferation, TGF-[Formula: see text]1-induced EMT, and the underlying mechanisms <i>in vitro</i>. Then, mouse pulmonary fibrosis was induced with a single intra-tracheal injection of bleomycin, and TFA was administrated by i.p. injection. Lung fibrosis was evaluated through histological and molecular analyses, and the possible mechanisms were explored using immunological methods. The results demonstrated that TFA could promote cell proliferation but inhibit TGF-[Formula: see text]1-induced EMT on A549 cells. TFA attenuated BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by modulating inflammatory infiltration and M2 macrophage polarization; it furthermore modulated EMT through regulating the TGF-[Formula: see text]1/Smad pathway. In addition, TFA augmented the expression of the Wnt7b protein, which plays an important role in alveolar epithelium reparation. In conclusion, TFA alleviated bleomycin-induced mouse lung fibrosis by preventing the fibrotic response and increasing epithelium regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":50814,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chinese Medicine","volume":"51 2","pages":"373-389"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9579331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capsaicin Reduces Cancer Stemness and Inhibits Metastasis by Downregulating <i>SOX2</i> and <i>EZH2</i> in Osteosarcoma.","authors":"Zhi-Yu Chen,&nbsp;Huan-Huan Huang,&nbsp;Qiao-Chu Li,&nbsp;Fang-Biao Zhan,&nbsp;Ling-Bang Wang,&nbsp;Tao He,&nbsp;Chao-Hua Yang,&nbsp;Yang Wang,&nbsp;Yuan Zhang,&nbsp;Zheng-Xue Quan","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X23500489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X23500489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metastasis of osteosarcoma is an important adverse factor affecting patients' survival, and cancer stemness is the crucial cause of distant metastasis. Capsaicin, the main component of pepper, has been proven in our previous work to inhibit osteosarcoma proliferation and enhance its drug sensitivity to cisplatin at low concentrations. This study aims to further explore the anti-osteosarcoma effect of capsaicin at low concentrations (100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M, 24[Formula: see text]h) on stemness and metastasis. The stemness of human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells was decreased significantly by capsaicin treatment. Additionally, the capsaicin treatment's inhibition of cancer stem cells (CSCs) was dose-dependent on both sphere formation and sphere size. Meanwhile, capsaicin inhibited invasion and migration, which might be associated with 25 metastasis-related genes. <i>SOX2</i> and <i>EZH2</i> were the most two relevant stemness factors for capsaicin's dose-dependent inhibition of osteosarcoma. The mRNAsi score of HOS stemness inhibited by capsaicin was strongly correlated with most metastasis-related genes of osteosarcoma. Capsaicin downregulated six metastasis-promoting genes and up-regulated three metastasis-inhibiting genes, which significantly affected the overall survival and/or disease-free survival of patients. In addition, the CSC re-adhesion scratch assay demonstrated that capsaicin inhibited the migration ability of osteosarcoma by inhibiting its stemness. Overall, capsaicin exerts a significant inhibitory effect on the stemness expression and metastatic ability of osteosarcoma. Moreover, it can inhibit the migratory ability of osteosarcoma by suppressing its stemness via downregulating <i>SOX2</i> and <i>EZH2</i>. Therefore, capsaicin is expected to be a potential drug against osteosarcoma metastasis due to its ability to inhibit cancer stemness.</p>","PeriodicalId":50814,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chinese Medicine","volume":"51 4","pages":"1041-1066"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9641287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Progress of Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.","authors":"Li Dong,&nbsp;Zhijie Shen,&nbsp;Hao Chi,&nbsp;Yingjie Wang,&nbsp;Zhaofeng Shi,&nbsp;Hongjun Fang,&nbsp;Yanling Yang,&nbsp;Jingfeng Rong","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X23500015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X23500015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vascular recanalization is the essential procedure in which severe coronary artery stenosis is diagnosed. However, the blood flow recovery associated with this procedure may cause myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), which aggravates heart failure. Unfortunately, the mechanism of MIRI has historically been poorly understood. As we now know, calcium overloading, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory responses, and ferroptosis take part in the process of MIRI. Modern medicine has shown through clinical studies its own limited effects in the case of MIRI, whereas Chinese traditional medicine demonstrates a strong vitality. Multiple-target effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and cardio-protection effects, are central to this vitality. In our clinic center, Yixin formula is commonly used in patients with MIRI. This formula contains <i>Astragalus, Ligusticum Wallichii, Salvia, Rhodiola Rosea, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Cyperus Rotundus</i>, and <i>Cassia Twig</i>. Its effects include warming yang energy, activating blood circulation, and eliminating blood stasis. In our previous laboratory studies, we have proved that it can reduce MIRI and oxidative stress injury in rats suffering from ischemia myocardiopathy. It can also inhibit apoptosis and protect myocardium. In this paper, we review the research of Yixin formula and other related herbal medicines in MIRI therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":50814,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chinese Medicine","volume":"51 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10637129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Gardenia jasminoides</i> Extract GJ-4 Alleviates Memory Deficiency of Vascular Dementia in Rats through PERK-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway.","authors":"Fang-Yu Yuan,&nbsp;Cheng Ju,&nbsp;Cai-Xia Zang,&nbsp;Hui Liu,&nbsp;Mei-Yu Shang,&nbsp;Jing-Wen Ning,&nbsp;Yang Yang,&nbsp;Jing-Wei Ma,&nbsp;Gen Li,&nbsp;Yang Yu,&nbsp;Xin-Sheng Yao,&nbsp;Xiu-Qi Bao,&nbsp;Dan Zhang","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X23500040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X23500040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is involved in the pathological process of vascular dementia (VD). GJ-4 is extracted from <i>Gardenia jasminoides</i> J. Ellis and has been reported to have protective roles in ischemia-related brain damage. However, the role of GJ-4 in ERS has not been elucidated. We established a VD rat model through bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (2-VO). The rats were intragastrically administrated with GJ-4 (10, 25, and 50[Formula: see text]mg/kg) and nimodipine (10[Formula: see text]mg/kg). Data from a Morris water maze test showed that GJ-4 could significantly alleviate learning and memory deficits in VD rats. Nissl and cleaved caspase-3 staining revealed that GJ-4 can inhibit apoptosis and thus exert a protective role in the brain of 2-VO rats. Western blot results suggested that GJ-4 significantly reduced ERS-related protein expression and inhibited apoptosis through suppression of the PERK/eIF2[Formula: see text]/ATF4/CHOP signaling pathway. For <i>in vitro</i> studies, the oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) SH-SY5Y model was employed. Western blot and Hoechst 33342/PI double staining were utilized to explore the effects of crocetin, the main active metabolite of GJ-4. Like GJ-4 <i>in vivo</i>, crocetin <i>in vitro</i> also decreased ERS-related protein expression and inhibited the activation of the PERK/eIF2[Formula: see text]/ATF4/CHOP signaling pathway. Thus, crocetin exerted similar protective roles on OGD challenged SH-SY5Y cells <i>in vitro</i>. In summary, GJ-4 and crocetin reduce the ERS in the brain of VD rats and SY5Y cells subjected to OGD and inhibit neuronal apoptosis through suppression of the PERK/eIF2[Formula: see text]/ATF4/CHOP pathway, suggesting that GJ-4 may be useful for the treatment of VD.</p>","PeriodicalId":50814,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Chinese Medicine","volume":"51 1","pages":"53-72"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10691310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}