PhytoFrontiers™最新文献

Draft Genome Resource of a Wolbachia Endosymbiont in Heterodera humuli 葎草紫菀中狼巴氏杆菌内共生体的基因组资源草案

PhytoFrontiers™ Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1094/phytofr-05-24-0054-a

L. Núñez-Rodríguez, Catherine L. Wram, Cedar Hesse, Inga A. Zasada

引用次数: 0

Unstable Transgene Expression Affects Long-Term Efficacy of the Arabidopsis Immune Receptor EFR to Confer Quantitative Resistance to Citrus Canker Under Field Conditions 不稳定的转基因表达影响拟南芥免疫受体 EFR 在田间条件下对柑橘腐烂病定量抗性的长期效力

PhytoFrontiers™ Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1094/phytofr-06-24-0071-sc

Mukesh Jain, G. Minsavage, Naweena Thapa, Diana M. Horvath, Cyril Zipfel, Gloria A. Moore, Latanya C. Fisher, Vladimir Orbovic, Jeffrey B Jones

{"title":"Unstable Transgene Expression Affects Long-Term Efficacy of the Arabidopsis Immune Receptor EFR to Confer Quantitative Resistance to Citrus Canker Under Field Conditions","authors":"Mukesh Jain, G. Minsavage, Naweena Thapa, Diana M. Horvath, Cyril Zipfel, Gloria A. Moore, Latanya C. Fisher, Vladimir Orbovic, Jeffrey B Jones","doi":"10.1094/phytofr-06-24-0071-sc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/phytofr-06-24-0071-sc","url":null,"abstract":"Arabidopsis thaliana pattern recognition receptor EFR recognizes and binds the bacterial PAMP EF-Tu and its highly conserved derived peptide elf18. Previous work revealed that the transgenic expression of EFR (and chimeric EFR::XA21) in several heterologous plant species, including in members of the Solanaceae and in sweet orange, confers broad-spectrum bacterial disease resistance. In this study, stable sweet orange (Citrus × sinensis) and grapefruit (C. × paradisi) transformants expressing EFR or EFR::XA21 were generated in an attempt to confer broad spectrum resistance to Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), causal agent of citrus canker, a serious disease of commercial citriculture. The transgene expression was confirmed via real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR). Juvenile transgenic trees were challenged with Xcc (spray and pinprick inoculation) and evaluated for canker susceptibility and disease progression. Three independently transformed transgenic events (out of 19 total) displayed partial resistance to canker when spray-inoculated, and one line showed resistance when wound-inoculated. Surprisingly, when two mature transgenic lines were evaluated under field conditions and exposure to natural infection, both were found to be as susceptible as the wild-type under prevalent pathogen load. RT-qPCR data indicated a gradual decline and significant spatial variability in EFR expression in leaves excised from different branches of the same tree. The data presented here call for a need for evaluating different promoters for stable and long-term EFR expression in woody perennial species.","PeriodicalId":508090,"journal":{"name":"PhytoFrontiers™","volume":"48 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

First complete genome sequence resource of a Lettuce mosaic virus isolate from the United States of America 美国莴苣花叶病毒分离物的首个完整基因组序列资源

PhytoFrontiers™ Pub Date : 2024-07-21 DOI: 10.1094/phytofr-04-24-0043-a

Kishorekumar Reddy, Divya Kunda, Robert L. Gilbertson, Karen A. McDonald, S. Nandi, M. Sudarshana

引用次数: 0

Effect of calcium propionate dip and spray applications on botrytis blight of ornamental plants 丙酸钙浸泡和喷雾对观赏植物灰霉病的影响

PhytoFrontiers™ Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1094/phytofr-04-24-0042-r

Ana Maria Borda, J. Gelain, Minzheng Cai, Chao-Xi Luo, Guido Schnabel, James E. Faust

{"title":"Effect of calcium propionate dip and spray applications on botrytis blight of ornamental plants","authors":"Ana Maria Borda, J. Gelain, Minzheng Cai, Chao-Xi Luo, Guido Schnabel, James E. Faust","doi":"10.1094/phytofr-04-24-0042-r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/phytofr-04-24-0042-r","url":null,"abstract":"The use of conventional fungicides to control botrytis blight of ornamentals caused by Botrytis cinerea has its limitations due to increasing resistance to site-specific fungicides. Calcium propionate (CaP) has suppressive action against this disease and resistance in B. cinerea to CaP has not been reported. This study evaluated the efficacy of postharvest dip applications of 0.1% CaP (pH 6.0) to control botrytis blight in four cut rose (Rosa ×hybrida) cultivars and analyzed gene expression of CaP-treated rose petals. CaP reduced botrytis blight symptoms in rose ‘Alive’ but not in ‘Freedom’, ‘Momentum’, and ‘Orange Crush’, and no change in gene expression in ‘Orange Crush’ was detected following CaP treatment. Aerial spray applications at 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5% CaP made twice a week for 5 weeks caused minimal phytotoxicity damage to calendula (Calendula officinalis), carnation (Dianthus sp), dahlia (Dahlia sp), pansy (Viola ×wittrockiana), and snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) leaves; however, CaP spray applications generated residues at all CaP concentrations in all species except for dahlia where no residue was observed. The results suggest that CaP will suppress botrytis blight in some but not all rose cultivars and establish a reference for phytotoxicity symptoms and visible CaP residues on ornamental plants.","PeriodicalId":508090,"journal":{"name":"PhytoFrontiers™","volume":" 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A molecular method to assess viability of Phytophthora in infected wood following heat treatment 评估热处理后受感染木材中 Phytophthora 真菌存活率的分子方法

PhytoFrontiers™ Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1094/phytofr-05-24-0056-r

Isabel Leal, N. Feau, Adnan Uzunovic, B. Foord, R. C. Hamelin

{"title":"A molecular method to assess viability of Phytophthora in infected wood following heat treatment","authors":"Isabel Leal, N. Feau, Adnan Uzunovic, B. Foord, R. C. Hamelin","doi":"10.1094/phytofr-05-24-0056-r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/phytofr-05-24-0056-r","url":null,"abstract":"International trade in wood products is an important component of the global economy. However, wood and wood products may have pests associated with them that could be introduced into importing countries, posing phytosanitary risks, and leading to the implementation of regulatory restrictions that affect wood trade. The application of heat to kill wood-associated pests has been a successful phytosanitary method to reduce their spread. To evaluate the efficacy of wood heat treatment to kill fungal and fungus-like pathogens, the method of choice has been to grow organisms in cultures for subsequent identification. However, some plant pathogens can be difficult or impossible to grow in axenic cultures and a molecular method can still be useful for assessing pathogen viability after heat-treatment. RNA is a single stranded molecule that is responsible for the transcription of genes. Since it becomes rapidly unstable after cell death, it provides a measure of viability. We therefore designed and tested RNA-based molecular diagnostic assays targeting essential genes and assessed their presence after heat treatment in wood colonized by four Phytophthora species of phytosanitary concern (P. xmultiformis, P. cinnamomi, P. lateralis and P. ramorum) through reverse transcription and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Our assays differentiate between genomic and mRNA as the TaqMan probes span exon-intron junctions. We validated these RT-qPCR assays to assess heat treatment efficacy of Phytophthora-inoculated wood. These assays can be very useful tools to assess effectiveness of current and emerging phytosanitary wood treatments.","PeriodicalId":508090,"journal":{"name":"PhytoFrontiers™","volume":"35 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141649188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of Tools to Detect and Identify Strains Belonging to the Pseudomonas syringae Species Complex Responsible for Vein Clearing of Zucchini 开发工具以检测和识别造成西葫芦清脉的假单胞菌菌种群的菌株

PhytoFrontiers™ Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1094/phytofr-05-23-0062-r

Caroline Lacault, M. Briand, Marie-Agnès Jacques, A. Darrasse

{"title":"Development of Tools to Detect and Identify Strains Belonging to the Pseudomonas syringae Species Complex Responsible for Vein Clearing of Zucchini","authors":"Caroline Lacault, M. Briand, Marie-Agnès Jacques, A. Darrasse","doi":"10.1094/phytofr-05-23-0062-r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/phytofr-05-23-0062-r","url":null,"abstract":"Vein clearing of zucchini (VCZ) is a disease caused by seedborne bacteria that affects young plants of Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo. VCZ agents are distributed into four phylogenetic clusters within clades 2a and 2ba of phylogroup 2 of the Pseudomonas syringae species complex. All these strains are pathogenic to squash, but only certain strains can also attack melon and cucumber. Strains belonging to clades 2b and 2d are sometimes isolated from zucchini seeds but have not been associated with VCZ epidemics. Identification tools for VCZ agents are required to improve disease control. Primers were designed to implement a seven-gene multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) scheme for a collection of 60 strains isolated from zucchini seeds. The MLSA showed a clear predominance of strains of cluster 2ba-A and the presence of VCZ strains in a fifth cluster (2ba-C). PCR tests were designed to characterize strains in the VCZ clusters, and a multiplex qPCR test was proposed to distinguish strains with a cucurbit host range extended to melon and cucumber, harboring hopZ5 and sylC, from other strains harboring avrRpt2 and sylC. Additional qPCR tests were also designed to gain insights into clade-2b and -2d strains that can be isolated from cucurbits. These tools evaluated in silico with the NCBI database and experimentally with a collection of 112 strains detected all target strains, except for the test dedicated to clade-2b strains, and excluded 96.7 to 100% of nontarget strains. These tools are intended to serve phylogenetic studies, epidemiological monitoring, and seed testing. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .","PeriodicalId":508090,"journal":{"name":"PhytoFrontiers™","volume":"10 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141661139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout method for functional genomics of the barley spot blotch pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana 开发 CRISPR/Cas9 介导的基因敲除方法，用于大麦斑点病病原体 Bipolaris sorokiniana 的功能基因组学研究

PhytoFrontiers™ Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1094/phytofr-03-24-0017-r

Alireza Poursafar, Y. Leng, S. Zhong

{"title":"Development of a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout method for functional genomics of the barley spot blotch pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana","authors":"Alireza Poursafar, Y. Leng, S. Zhong","doi":"10.1094/phytofr-03-24-0017-r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/phytofr-03-24-0017-r","url":null,"abstract":"Bipolaris sorokiniana (=Cochliobolus sativus) is an important fungal pathogen that causes spot blotch, common root rot and kernel blight in barley and wheat. In this study, we aimed to develop a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated approach for efficiently knocking out genes of B. sorokiniana. We first assessed the efficiency of Cas9/sgRNA combined with the split marker system for gene replacement. We designed sgRNAs to target a polyketide synthase gene (PKS1) that is required for melanin biosynthesis of the fungus. When the preassembled Cas9/gRNA ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) and the split hygromycin B resistance gene (HygB) fragments each harboring 449 bp upstream and 595 bp downstream flanking sequences of PKS1 were co-transformed into the protoplasts of B. sorokiniana, the number of transformants with the PKS1 gene replaced by the selection marker were significantly increased compared to the control without RNPs. We then used the RNPs with PCR-amplified HygB gene cassette carrying 40 bp or 60 bp arms homologous to the flanking sequences of the PKS1 target site for fungal transformation and showed that the RNPs significantly enhanced gene disruption efficiency through the short-homology recombination, and more gene knockout mutants were obtained with longer (60 bp) homologous arms than the shorter (40 bp) ones. Finally, we disrupted an uncharacterized non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene (NPSx) in B. sorokiniana strain ND90Pr using the RNP-mediated gene knockout approach and showed the mutants lost virulence on barley cv. Bowman. The Cas9/sgRNA-mediated gene knockout method developed will facilitate large-scale functional genomics studies of B. sorokiniana.","PeriodicalId":508090,"journal":{"name":"PhytoFrontiers™","volume":"49 s240","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141835371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Monitoring the distribution, incidence, and symptom expression associated with cotton leafroll dwarf virus in the southern United States using a sentinel plot system 利用哨点小区系统监测美国南部棉花卷叶矮小病毒的分布、发病率和症状表现

PhytoFrontiers™ Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1094/phytofr-02-24-0008-r

J. C. Koebernick, A. K. Hagan, M. Zaccaron, C. Escalante, A. L. Jacobson, K. L. Bowen, A. Strayer-Scherer, B. Heilsnis, S. Brown, E. J. Sikora, T. W. Allen, T. R. Faske, F. Bourland, J. K. Greene, A. S. Huseth, H. Kelly, R. C. Kemerait, D. Kerns, M. Mulvaney, P. P. Price, I. Small, S. Taylor, H. Wang, K. Conner

{"title":"Monitoring the distribution, incidence, and symptom expression associated with cotton leafroll dwarf virus in the southern United States using a sentinel plot system","authors":"J. C. Koebernick, A. K. Hagan, M. Zaccaron, C. Escalante, A. L. Jacobson, K. L. Bowen, A. Strayer-Scherer, B. Heilsnis, S. Brown, E. J. Sikora, T. W. Allen, T. R. Faske, F. Bourland, J. K. Greene, A. S. Huseth, H. Kelly, R. C. Kemerait, D. Kerns, M. Mulvaney, P. P. Price, I. Small, S. Taylor, H. Wang, K. Conner","doi":"10.1094/phytofr-02-24-0008-r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/phytofr-02-24-0008-r","url":null,"abstract":"Cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV), transmitted by the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover), was first confirmed in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in Alabama, United States, in 2017. Subsequent observations of symptomatic plants followed by confirmation via reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) were made in neighboring states in 2018. To assess the distribution and incidence of CLRDV, and incidence of presumed symptoms across the southern cotton belt, a multidisciplinary team established sentinel plot survey sites at 16 experiment stations in 11 states stretching from Texas to Virginia and Tennessee to Florida beginning in 2019. Field trials were conducted over a three-year period using multiple cotton cultivars that were adjusted annually. Cotton plots were evaluated at each location by a single evaluator to attempt to correlate symptom severity across the cotton growing region with virus incidence in cotton plant tissues using RTPCR. Symptom incidence, based on visual estimation of plants in each plot with presumed symptoms, differed across the region and ranged from 0% to 75% with a low average from all locations of 11.4% in 2021 to an average high of 28.0% in 2020. Though symptom severity suggested the presence of CLRDV, there were instances where symptoms were observed but virus presence was not confirmed by PCR. CLRDV has since been confirmed from all locations, which suggests that it has become endemic in cotton production areas throughout the eastern range of the United States.","PeriodicalId":508090,"journal":{"name":"PhytoFrontiers™","volume":"50 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141339587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microbial and Biochemical Biofungicides Ineffective against Alternaria Black Spot on Organic Kale 微生物和生化生物杀真菌剂对有机甘蓝上的 Alternaria 黑斑病无效

PhytoFrontiers™ Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1094/phytofr-04-24-0039-r

A. Keinath

{"title":"Microbial and Biochemical Biofungicides Ineffective against Alternaria Black Spot on Organic Kale","authors":"A. Keinath","doi":"10.1094/phytofr-04-24-0039-r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/phytofr-04-24-0039-r","url":null,"abstract":"In South Carolina, the disease black spot on kale is caused by the fungi Alternaria brassicicola and A. japonica. Because all kale cultivars are presumed to be susceptible, organic producers may apply biofungicides to prevent or manage black spot. Microbial and biochemical biofungicides were tested in the greenhouse (12 products) and the field (ten products) against black spot caused by both Alternaria spp. on organically produced kale. Thereafter, three biofungicides (copper hydroxide, potassium silicate, and Reynoutria sachalinensis extract) were tested in the field on three kale cultivars. Although several biofungicides reduced black spot in the greenhouse compared to the water-treated control, no biofungicides did so in the field, even though they were applied preventatively before plants were inoculated. Biofungicides also did not increase weight of healthy leaves compared to the water-treated control in any field experiment. Conversely, two biofungicides that increased the severity and incidence of black spot in the greenhouse, B. amyloliquefaciens F727 and potassium bicarbonate, reduced weights of healthy leaves in the field. On average, curly kale cultivar Winterbor had fewer diseased leaves than curly kale cultivar Darkibor, and lacinato kale cultivar Toscano had fewer diseased leaves than curly kale. Winterbor also consistently produced greater healthy leaf weight than Darkibor. Biopesticides are not recommended against black spot on organic kale.","PeriodicalId":508090,"journal":{"name":"PhytoFrontiers™","volume":"49 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141269741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genome Sequence Resource of Bacillus velezensis strain HC-5, Revealing Its Potential as a Native Biological Control Agent against Ginger Bacterial Wilt Velezensis 杆菌 HC-5 株的基因组序列资源，揭示其作为本地生物防治剂防治生姜细菌性枯萎病的潜力

PhytoFrontiers™ Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.1094/phytofr-01-24-0002-a

P. He, Wenjia Wang, Jiajia Zhang, Yuanju Zhang, W. Cui

引用次数: 0