Perspectives on Politics最新文献_第5页

Dangerous Instrument: Political Polarization and US Civil-Military Relations. By Michael A. Robinson. New York: Oxford University Press, 2022. 312p. $110.00 cloth, $29.95 paper. 危险的工具：政治极化与美国军民关系》。迈克尔-A-罗宾逊著。纽约：牛津大学出版社，2022 年。312p.布版 110.00 美元，纸版 29.95 美元。

Perspectives on Politics Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1017/s1537592723002657

Robert Ralston

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Autocracy Rising: How Venezuela Transitioned to Authoritarianism. By Javier Corrales. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press. 2022. 256p. $85.00 cloth, $32.00 paper. 专制崛起：委内瑞拉如何过渡到专制主义。作者：Javier Corrales。华盛顿特区：布鲁金斯学会出版社。2022.256p.布版 85.00 美元，纸版 32.00 美元。

Perspectives on Politics Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1017/s1537592723002670

O. Selçuk

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“Fit for Purpose?” Assessing the Ecological Fit of the Social Institutions that Globally Govern Antimicrobial Resistance "适合目的？评估全球抗菌药耐药性管理社会机构的生态契合度

Perspectives on Politics Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.1017/s1537592723002906

Isaac Weldon, Steven J. Hoffman

{"title":"“Fit for Purpose?” Assessing the Ecological Fit of the Social Institutions that Globally Govern Antimicrobial Resistance","authors":"Isaac Weldon, Steven J. Hoffman","doi":"10.1017/s1537592723002906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1537592723002906","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a natural process where microbes develop the ability to survive the antimicrobial drugs we depend upon to treat and prevent deadly infections, such as antibiotics. This microscopic evolution is further propelled by human activities, where each use of an antimicrobial drug potentially induces AMR. As microbes can spread quickly from animals to humans and travel around the world through humanity’s global circuits of movement, the use of any antimicrobial drug has potentially global consequences. As human-induced AMR occurs, mortality and morbidity increase due to increasingly or sometimes completely ineffective antimicrobial treatments. This article considers AMR as a product of the evolving and complex interplay between human societies and invisible microbial worlds. It argues that as a political challenge, AMR requires robust institutions that can manage human–microbial interactions to minimize the emergence of drug resistance and maximize the likelihood of achieving effective antimicrobial use for all. Yet, current governance systems for AMR are ill-equipped to meet these goals. We propose a conceptual paradigm shift for global AMR governance efforts, arguing that global governance could better address AMR if approached as a socioecological problem in need of sustainable management rather than solely as a medical problem to be solved. In biodiversity governance, institutions are designed to fit the biological features of the ecosystems that they are attempting to manage. We consider how a similar approach can improve global AMR governance. Employing the concept of ecological fit, which is defined as the alignment between human social systems and biological ecosystems, we diagnose 18 discrepancies between the social institutions that currently govern AMR and the ecological nature of this problem. Drawing from lessons learned in biodiversity governance, the article proposes five institutional design principles for improving the fit and effectiveness of global AMR governance.","PeriodicalId":508086,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Politics","volume":"48 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139442450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lawyers as Lobbyists: Regulatory Advocacy in American Finance 作为游说者的律师：美国金融业的监管宣传

Perspectives on Politics Pub Date : 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.1017/s1537592723002943

Brian Libgober, Daniel Carpenter

{"title":"Lawyers as Lobbyists: Regulatory Advocacy in American Finance","authors":"Brian Libgober, Daniel Carpenter","doi":"10.1017/s1537592723002943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1537592723002943","url":null,"abstract":"Administrative agencies have undertaken an increasingly substantial role in policymaking. Yet the influence-seeking that targets these agencies remains poorly understood. Reporting exceptions under the Lobbying Disclosure Act allow many of the most powerful advocates to characterize their activity as lawyering, not lobbying, and thereby fly under the radar. Using agency-generated records on lobbying activity, financial reporting, and personnel databases specific to lawyers, as well as LinkedIn, we describe a vast subterranean world of regulatory influence-seeking that the social-science literature has (mostly) ignored. Regulatory lobbying is systematically different from legislative lobbying. It involves different kinds of people and different lobbying firms that bring specific forms of expertise and distinct networks. Our key findings about how regulatory lobbying differs include the following: (1) the regulatory lobbying sector is highly segregated from the reported lobbying sector, with many regulatory advocates failing to consistently register or report earnings commensurate with their activity level, (2) the number of unregistered regulatory advocates working on the implementation of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act plausibly exceeds 150% of the registered lobbyists working on that law, (3) the most effective regulatory lobbyists and law firms involved with regulatory lobbying have incomes that dramatically outpace leading reported lobbying firms (which are also mostly law firms), and (4) back-of-the-envelope calculations and more sophisticated decomposition regressions imply that aggregate expenditure on lawyer-lobbying is several multiples of reported lobbying spending. We introduce the case of a particular lawyer-lobbyist and provide a theoretical discussion to situate and contextualize these findings. Collectively, this work opens a window into neglected domains of politics and reveals an important and understudied form of political inequality.","PeriodicalId":508086,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Politics","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139451274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Litigating Policy Drift: Frozen Categories and Thresholds in Court 政策漂移诉讼：法庭上被冻结的类别和门槛

Perspectives on Politics Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1017/s153759272300292x

Ursula Hackett

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Censoring the Intellectual Public Space in China: What Topics Are Not Allowed and Who Gets Blacklisted? 审查中国的知识公共空间：哪些话题不被允许，谁会被列入黑名单？

Perspectives on Politics Pub Date : 2023-11-22 DOI: 10.1017/s1537592723002815

Xiaojun Yan, La Li

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“The Pandemic Was a Global Exam, and Our Country Came in First”: Autocratic Performance Legitimacy in Saudi Arabia "大流行病是一场全球考试，而我们的国家名列第一"：沙特阿拉伯专制政绩的合法性

Perspectives on Politics Pub Date : 2023-11-22 DOI: 10.1017/s1537592723002876

Bruno Schmidt-Feuerheerd

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Local Norms, Political Partisanship, and Pandemic Response: Evidence from the United States 地方规范、政治党派和大流行病应对：来自美国的证据

Perspectives on Politics Pub Date : 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.1017/s1537592723002864

K. Lipsitz, Grigore Pop-Eleches, Graeme B. Robertson

引用次数: 0

The Emergence of Right-Wing Partisanship in Poland, 1993–2018: Reconciling Demand-Side Explanations of the Success of Illiberalism 波兰右翼党派的兴起，1993-2018 年：调和对非自由主义成功的需求方解释

Perspectives on Politics Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.1017/s153759272300275x

Marcin Ślarzyński

{"title":"The Emergence of Right-Wing Partisanship in Poland, 1993–2018: Reconciling Demand-Side Explanations of the Success of Illiberalism","authors":"Marcin Ślarzyński","doi":"10.1017/s153759272300275x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s153759272300275x","url":null,"abstract":"Scholars studying the electoral breakthroughs of right-wing illiberalism have arrived at two general conclusions: while they largely rejected the hypothesis that this phenomenon is grounded in voters’ attitudinal shift, they have shown that those voting for the illiberal Right have distinguishing socio-economic and attitudinal characteristics. My analysis reconciles these two sets of findings by documenting the gradual emergence and transformation of the right-wing electorate in Poland in the period 1993–2018 and points to the consolidation of a right-wing partisanship as an organizing factor of the “illiberal moment.” Using the POLPAN panel dataset I find that populist and authoritarian attitudes indeed emerge in Poland in the twenty-first century to distinguish those supporting the Right more and more centered around the PiS party. These attitudes, however, have been incorporated in the context of partisan rivalry—right-wing voters, for example, are more supportive of limiting democratic procedures but only when the Right is in power. In the first decade of the twenty-first century PiS also politicized the lack of partisan consensus on the expansion of the welfare state. PiS incorporated this demand in its stance legitimizing the expansion of the welfare state through what was available in its ideological repertoire: national solidarity, national victimhood, and the idea of a sovereign nation-state joined under the umbrella of Catholic symbolism. This post-consensus polarization and asymmetrical political radicalization resembles the “illiberal moment” in Western Europe that followed the convergence between center-left and center-right parties but they lack a crystallized class-based political identity and social-democratic understanding of political economy to build on.","PeriodicalId":508086,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Politics","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139254848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0