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Estimating Disenfranchisement in US Elections, 1870–1970 估算 1870-1970 年美国选举中的剥夺选举权情况
Perspectives on Politics Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1017/s1537592724000859
Thomas R. Gray, Jeffery A. Jenkins
{"title":"Estimating Disenfranchisement in US Elections, 1870–1970","authors":"Thomas R. Gray, Jeffery A. Jenkins","doi":"10.1017/s1537592724000859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1537592724000859","url":null,"abstract":"While it is commonly understood that the poll tax and literacy tests, among other measures, were used effectively in the South to disenfranchise Black voters from the late nineteenth through the mid-twentieth century, what is not well known is how much those disenfranchising laws mattered. Specifically, how much did the enactment of poll taxes or literacy tests affect turnout in federal and state elections? And how much did those disenfranchising provisions dampen vote totals for Republican candidates in the South? Using the staggered implementation and removal of several disenfranchising policies over a 101-year period, we answer these questions and provide some precision to our collective knowledge of the “disenfranchising era” in American electoral politics. Overall, we find that the poll tax was the main driver of disenfranchisement in Southern elections, with literacy tests and the Australian ballot providing some secondary effects. We also find that ex-felon disenfranchisement laws were considerably more important—both in reducing turnout as well as Republican vote share in Southern elections—than has been traditionally understood. Finally, we unpack the “South” and unsurprisingly find that racial politics drove these results: the disenfranchising institutions were more impactful in states with a larger Black population share. Our results show the powerful effects of disenfranchising policies on electorates and electoral outcomes. We discuss these results in both their historical context as well as with a mind to the continuing use of disenfranchising provisions in law today.","PeriodicalId":508086,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Politics","volume":"33 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141105479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From Openness to Inclusion: Toward a Democratic Approach to Migration Policy 从开放到包容：以民主方式制定移民政策
Perspectives on Politics Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1017/s153759272400001x
Nathan Pippenger
{"title":"From Openness to Inclusion: Toward a Democratic Approach to Migration Policy","authors":"Nathan Pippenger","doi":"10.1017/s153759272400001x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s153759272400001x","url":null,"abstract":"Many theorists argue that justice in international migration requires states to maximize the openness of their borders, even when that can only be done by denying full political membership to some migrants. In contrast, this article contends that democratic ideals recommend inclusion as the guiding principle of migration policy, since full membership for all the state’s residents is the only way to preserve democratic self-rule, whereas the justice- and freedom-related goals associated with openness can be promoted via other means. I define full inclusion as involving not only formal rights, but also solidarity. Against accounts that define solidarity in terms of shared identity (i.e., a specific commonality), I argue that democratic solidarity requires intersubjective “identification” among members of the demos, oriented toward their shared future. This account suggests how migration policy might advance the practical goal of more open borders, along with other moral goals associated with calls for greater openness, without sacrificing important democratic ideals.","PeriodicalId":508086,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Politics","volume":"3 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140227271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Varieties of Indoctrination: The Politicization of Education and the Media around the World 灌输的多样性：世界各地教育和媒体的政治化
Perspectives on Politics Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1017/s1537592723002967
Anja Neundorf, Eugenia Nazrullaeva, Ksenia Northmore-Ball, Katerina Tertytchnaya, Wooseok Kim
{"title":"Varieties of Indoctrination: The Politicization of Education and the Media around the World","authors":"Anja Neundorf, Eugenia Nazrullaeva, Ksenia Northmore-Ball, Katerina Tertytchnaya, Wooseok Kim","doi":"10.1017/s1537592723002967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1537592723002967","url":null,"abstract":"For many decades, scholars assumed voluntary compliance and citizens’ commitment to a regime’s principles and values to be critical for regime stability. A growing literature argues that indoctrination is essential to achieve this congruence. However, the absence of a clear definition and comprehensive comparative measures of indoctrination have hindered systematic research on such issues. In this paper, we fill this gap by synthesizing literature across disciplines to clarify the concept of indoctrination, focusing particularly on the politicization of education and the media. We then outline how the abstract concept can be operationalized, and introduce and validate an original expert-coded dataset on indoctrination that covers 160 countries from 1945 to the present. The dataset should facilitate a new generation of empirical inquiry on the causes and consequences of indoctrination.","PeriodicalId":508086,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Politics","volume":"322 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140228258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Varieties of State-Building: Ecology, Clientelism, and Bureaucratic Rule in Chile 国家建设的多样性：智利的生态、裙带关系和官僚统治
Perspectives on Politics Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1017/s1537592724000033
Maximiliano Véjares
{"title":"Varieties of State-Building: Ecology, Clientelism, and Bureaucratic Rule in Chile","authors":"Maximiliano Véjares","doi":"10.1017/s1537592724000033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1537592724000033","url":null,"abstract":"Current research suggests that all states share a perpetual appetite for extraction and standardization. However, this research overlooks the fact that subnational regions present different appeals and challenges to ruling coalitions. While states seek to extend bureaucratic rule over peripheries with valuable assets and favorable geography, they might instead seek to preserve local patrimonial bastions when those areas offer substantial electoral support. In turn, these strategies lead to broad subnational heterogeneity in the reach of the state. This paper focuses on regions’ ecological, military, and clientelistic features to explain local trajectories of bureaucratic rule and country-level state capacity. Empirically, I examine Chile, a successful case of capacity-building in Latin America. Prompted by a fiscal crisis in the mid-1850s, Chile’s central government launched state-building projects to offset its budgetary deficit. Using GIS and original data from censuses, budgets, and other primary sources, I show that Chile’s ruling coalition paradoxically modernized the country’s peripheries while deepening its own traditionalism. These results challenge prevailing narratives about the projection of political authority and Chile’s territorial uniformity.","PeriodicalId":508086,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Politics","volume":"67 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140224413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Structure, Agency, and Structural Reform: The Case of the European Central Bank 结构、代理和结构改革：欧洲中央银行案例
Perspectives on Politics Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1017/s1537592723002992
Benjamin Braun, Donato Di Carlo, Sebastian Diessner, Maximilian Düsterhöft
{"title":"Structure, Agency, and Structural Reform: The Case of the European Central Bank","authors":"Benjamin Braun, Donato Di Carlo, Sebastian Diessner, Maximilian Düsterhöft","doi":"10.1017/s1537592723002992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1537592723002992","url":null,"abstract":"Monetary and financial integration has been shown to increase the pressure on states to liberalize social and labor market policies. If structures do not come with instruction sheets, how do monetary regime pressures translate into policy? Through a case study of the euro area, we show that central banks play an underappreciated role in this process. Using mixed methods to analyze a large amount of data, including the complete corpus of speeches, we trace the evolution of the European Central Bank’s advocacy for structural reforms between 1999 and 2019. To explain the ECB’s activism in a policy area beyond its mandate, we theorize the ECB as navigating a dilemma between governability and legitimacy. Handed a monetary regime under which flexible labor markets were seen as a condition for governability, the ECB saw no alternative but to push governments toward structural reforms, despite the reputational risks. The ECB ended its advocacy when increasing political backlash coincided with a structural regime shift from an inflationary to a deflationary environment.","PeriodicalId":508086,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Politics","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140247920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Breaking Ground: From Extraction Booms to Mining Bans in Latin America. By Rose J. Spalding. New York: Oxford University Press, 2023. 328p. $83.00 cloth. 破土动工：拉丁美洲从开采热潮到采矿禁令》。作者：Rose J. Spalding。纽约：牛津大学出版社，2023 年。328p.83.00 美元布版。
Perspectives on Politics Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1017/s1537592724000094
Maiah Jaskoski
{"title":"Breaking Ground: From Extraction Booms to Mining Bans in Latin America. By Rose J. Spalding. New York: Oxford University Press, 2023. 328p. $83.00 cloth.","authors":"Maiah Jaskoski","doi":"10.1017/s1537592724000094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1537592724000094","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":508086,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Politics","volume":"27 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140252721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Government of Chance: Sortition and Democracy from Athens to the Present. By Yves Sintomer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023. 314p. $110.00 cloth. 机会政府：雅典至今的排序与民主》。伊夫-辛托姆（Yves Sintomer）著。剑桥：剑桥大学出版社，2023 年。314p.110.00 美元布版。
Perspectives on Politics Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1017/s1537592724000276
James Fishkin
{"title":"The Government of Chance: Sortition and Democracy from Athens to the Present. By Yves Sintomer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023. 314p. $110.00 cloth.","authors":"James Fishkin","doi":"10.1017/s1537592724000276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1537592724000276","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":508086,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Politics","volume":"31 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140252262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Classical and Christian Origins of American Politics: Political Theology, Natural Law, and the American Founding. By Kody W. Cooper and Justin Buckley Dyer. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2022. 225p. $99.99 cloth, $34.99 paper. 美国政治的古典与基督教起源：政治神学、自然法和美国建国。作者：科迪-W-库珀（Kody W. Cooper）和贾斯汀-巴克利-戴尔（Justin Buckley Dyer）。纽约：剑桥大学出版社，2022 年。225p.布版 99.99 美元，纸版 34.99 美元。
Perspectives on Politics Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1017/s1537592724000136
Vincent Phillip Muñoz
{"title":"The Classical and Christian Origins of American Politics: Political Theology, Natural Law, and the American Founding. By Kody W. Cooper and Justin Buckley Dyer. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2022. 225p. $99.99 cloth, $34.99 paper.","authors":"Vincent Phillip Muñoz","doi":"10.1017/s1537592724000136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1537592724000136","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":508086,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Politics","volume":"126 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140251486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Voter Backlash and Elite Misperception: The Logic of Violence in Electoral Competition. By Steven C. Rosenzweig. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023. 200p. $110.00 cloth. 选民反弹与精英误解：选举竞争中的暴力逻辑》。作者：史蒂文-C.Rosenzweig.剑桥：剑桥大学出版社，2023 年。200p.110.00 美元布版。
Perspectives on Politics Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1017/s1537592724000070
James D. Long
{"title":"Voter Backlash and Elite Misperception: The Logic of Violence in Electoral Competition. By Steven C. Rosenzweig. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023. 200p. $110.00 cloth.","authors":"James D. Long","doi":"10.1017/s1537592724000070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1537592724000070","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":508086,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Politics","volume":"85 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140251658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
States and Nature: The Effects of Climate Change on Security. By Joshua W. Busby. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022. 334p. $99.99 cloth, $34.99 paper. 国家与自然：气候变化对安全的影响》。约书亚-W-巴斯比著。剑桥：剑桥大学出版社，2022 年。334p.布版 99.99 美元，纸版 34.99 美元。
Perspectives on Politics Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1017/s1537592724000343
Rita Floyd
{"title":"States and Nature: The Effects of Climate Change on Security. By Joshua W. Busby. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022. 334p. $99.99 cloth, $34.99 paper.","authors":"Rita Floyd","doi":"10.1017/s1537592724000343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1537592724000343","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":508086,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Politics","volume":"67 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140251973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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