Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"The effect of vaccination against the COVID-19 on the course and outcomes of a new coronavirus infection: a retrospective analysis of laboratory and clinical indicators of hospitalized patients","authors":"A. Fomicheva, N. Pimenov, A. Tsygankova, Natalia Tsapkova, Darya Rokhlina, E. Volchkova, S. Krasnova, V. Chulanov","doi":"10.17816/eid624001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid624001","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: to assess the effect of vaccination against the COVID-19 on the severity of the current and the outcome of a new coronavirus infection in hospitalized patients during the dominance of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron. \u0000Materials and methods: study of the type of case-control included adult patients hospitalized in the infectious hospital of Moscow from February 1, 2022 to July 31, 2022 with a diagnosis of COVID-19 (U07.1) (N = 119). The main group included persons vaccinated with 2 doses of the Sputnik V vaccine (n = 59). Unvaccinated patients were included in the control group (n = 60). The median age of patients amounted to 66 years [IQR: 41-66], 58.8% were female. Chi square test for categorical and Mann Whitney test for continuous variables were applied for the analysis. P values 0,05 were considered statistically significant. \u0000Results: viral pneumonia was less likely to develop in vaccinated persons compared to unvaccinated persons (46.7% and 18.6%, respectively, p=0.007). The share of patients without lung damage (KT-0) among vaccinated (72.0%) was significantly higher than that of unvaccinated patients (42.9%) (p=0.003). In the group of vaccinated the levels of C-reactive protein, when entering the hospital was lower (29.1 [7.4-68, 6] mg/L and 75.1 [32.4-104.0] mg/L, p0.001), as the highest level of C-reactive protein during hospitalization (38.2 [12.0-84.0] mg/L and 92.2 [45.3-137.4] mg/L, p0.001). The level of D-dimer before discharge was lower in group of patients vaccinated ≤6 months ago compared with unvaccinated (157.0 [107.0-297.0] ng/ml and 316.0 [125.0-556.0] ng/ml, p=0.014). The frequency of deaths in the control group (11.7%) was 6.9 times higher compared to the main group (1.7%) (p=0.030). \u0000Conclusions: the completed primary vaccination course of the Sputnik V vaccine provided lower levels of prognostic markers of the adverse course of COVID-19 (C-reactive protein, D-dimer), as well as a decrease in the frequency of pulmonary and fatal outcome compared to unvaccinated patients during the dominance of the Omicron SARS-CoV-2.","PeriodicalId":507959,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"111 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140088755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANALYSIS OF DISINFECTANT PURCHASES BY MEDICAL ORGANIZATIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN: ASSESSMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS","authors":"A. Lokotkova, I. A. Bulycheva, E. K. Mamkeev, Luiza G. Karpenko, I. Fazulzyanova, F. N. Sabaeva, Georgiy Andreevich Toshchev","doi":"10.17816/eid624915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid624915","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Disinfection is an important aspect of ensuring epidemiological safety in medical organizations, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. \u0000The study aims to analyze the disinfectant purchases in state medical organizations of the Republic of Tatarstan from 2019 to 2022, taking into account changes in the epidemiological situation related to COVID-19, and provide recommendations based on the analysis. \u0000Material and methods. Electronic auction data from zakupki.gov.ru were utilized for the analysis of purchases of disinfectants by state medical organizations in the Republic of Tatarstan from 2019 to 2022. The data analysis involved the application of descriptive statistical methods. \u0000Results and discussion. A total of 118 electronic auctions were analyzed. A relationship between the nature of the epidemiological situation and the selection of disinfectants for purchase based on their chemical composition and intended use has been identified. In the pre-pandemic period, medical organizations preferred quaternary ammonium compound disinfectants and antibacterial soaps for hand hygiene. During the COVID-19 cases surge, increased utilization of chlorine-based disinfectants, hydrogen peroxide, and alcohol-based hand sanitizers containing ethanol 60-69% was observed. As the epidemiological situation stabilized, a discernible shift in preferences towards compound disinfectants was noted. Antiseptics with an alcohol content exceeding 70% are becoming increasingly sought after. Conclusions. Medical organizations in the Republic of Tatarstan promptly respond to changes in the epidemiological situation, implementing necessary modifications to anti-epidemic measures. When formulating procurement strategies, consideration is given not only to the requirements of sanitary legislation but also to the latest scientific findings in the field of disinfectology.","PeriodicalId":507959,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"189 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140421682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"«THE END OF THE ERA OF ANTIBIOTICS» - MYTH OR REALITY: WHAT THE PAST COVID-19 PANDEMIC HAS SHOWN","authors":"A. Mironov","doi":"10.17816/eid623450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid623450","url":null,"abstract":"Against the backdrop of the past pandemic of a new coronavirus infec-tion in Russia, there was a significant increase in the sale of AMPs in the pharmacy network and their purchases by medical institutions of the healthcare system of the Russian Federation. Microbiological monitoring conducted at the City Clinical Hospital No. 67 named after L.A. Vorokhobov of the Moscow Health Department (Moscow) in 2020-2021 revealed the presence of an urgent problem, which is that patients with HAIs are now mainly isolated from gram-negative bacteria, the pool of which is dominated by multidrug-resistant strains (MDRs). As pharmacoeconomic studies have shown, the cost of one course of targeted antibiotic therapy for HAIs in this case can increase by 6-12 times compared to a similar course of therapy in the absence of MDR and XDR strains of nosocomial pathogens. In order to achieve a reduction in the cost of antibacterial therapy regimens developed and used by the authors, simultane-ously with the development of effective antibiotic regimens for HAIs caused by MDR/XDR pathogens, a study was carried out, which is a continuation of the work on the creation and improvement of biotherapy regimens for HAIs, i.e. the development of personalized phage therapy regimens for patients with nosocomial pneumonia caused by strains of bacteria with MDR. The concept of a personalized approach to phage therapy of various nosological forms of HAIs in patients of a multidisciplinary hospital caused by nosocomial pathogens with MDR has been proposed and tested. With the use of this medical technol-ogy, the effectiveness of phage therapy of various nosological forms of HAIs in the City Clinical Hospital No. 67 named after L.A. Vorokhobov of the Moscow Health Department, caused by MDR and XDR strains of nosocomial pathogens, increased by 30%, the effectiveness of the initial antibiotic therapy regimen was 70%. The economic effect of the combination of antibiotic therapy and phage therapy («booster therapy») amounted to 3 million rubles compared to the use of AMP alone in the treatment of patients with HAIs caused by MDR/XDR strains of nosocomial pathogens. The use of «booster therapy» as one of the variants of «IIB therapy» reduces the cost of treatment of various forms of hospital-acquired infection by 2.5 or more times than just prescribing only antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":507959,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"113 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140422421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MODERN FEATURES OF LEGIONELLOSIS","authors":"M. Avdeeva, D. Moshkova, Lyudmila P. Blazhnyaya, M. I. Kulbuzheva, Oleg Ilin, Catherine Konchakova, Arthur Shoparov, Anastasia Ivanova, Pauline Ryabtseva","doi":"10.17816/eid624221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid624221","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Community-acquired Legionella pneumonia, classified as atypical pneumonia, is an important problem worldwide. Late initiation of etiotropic therapy for Legionnaires' disease worsens the prognosis and increases the risk of death. \u0000The purpose of the study is to clinically and epidemiologically characterize Legionnaires' disease using the example of incidence in the Krasnodar region and to attract the attention of doctors to the timely diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease and the prescription of adequate etiotropic therapy. \u0000Materials and methods. A hospital cohort of 26 patients who were hospitalized between 2017 and 2022 was studied for legionellosis, confirmed in laboratory by detection of legionella antigen in urine using the immunochromatographic method. \u0000Results. The Krasnodar region is characterized by a sporadic incidence of legionellosis, with a tendency to increase during years with high average humidity. Cases of legionellosis are recorded year-round with peaks in summer and winter. The rise in incidence shifts from year to year and follows the month with the highest rainfall and average monthly temperature above 20 C°. Severe and moderate course of legionellosis is typical for men over 50 years old with comorbid pathology, accompanied by damage to the lungs of varying severity; some patients may experience diarrhea (11.5%), transient dysfunction of the liver and kidneys. The nature of lung damage in the form of polysegmental pneumonia does not have clear clinical differential diagnostics, which makes early diagnosis of the disease difficult. An epidemiological anamnesis indicating contact with aerosol water and soil, air conditioning systems acquires important diagnostic significance. Seeking specialized medical care after the 7th day of illness increases the risk of developing severe forms of the disease with the formation of complications. \u0000Conclusion. In severe community-acquired pneumonia, it is recommended to take into account the epidemiological history, assess kidney and liver function, conduct a urine test for Legionella antigen, and prescribe early empirical therapy with fluoroquinolones and macrolides.","PeriodicalId":507959,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140418509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology, course and predictors of long-term COVID infection (long COVID). A review.","authors":"Anna E. Tsygankova, A. Gerasimov, V. A. Malov, Olga V. Darvina, E. Volchkova, V. Chulanov","doi":"10.17816/eid610995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid610995","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a serious challenge to the healthcare system in the 21st century. At present, there have been over 771 million reported cases worldwide. Apart from the acute symptoms, a significant number of patients experience long-term consequences of the infection, which greatly impact their quality of life. These long-term consequences are titled as \"long-COVID.\" It is nesessary to study the consequences of COVID-19 infection in order to develop effective strategies for combating them. This review aims to provide an overview of the history of the term \"long-COVID\" and discusses the characteristics of contemporary terminology. Additionally, the review presents data on the prevalence of long-COVID, primary symptoms, risk factors, and explores potential biomarkers, prognosis, as well as prospects for subsequent clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":507959,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"48 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140421570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A CASE OF A COMBINED COURSE OF TYPHOID FEVER AND LEPTOSPIROSIS","authors":"Татьяна Владимировна Харламова, I. Barysheva, Nadezhda A. Polovinkina, E. Burdova, Maria V. Bogdanova","doi":"10.17816/eid624383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid624383","url":null,"abstract":"These days co-infections are becoming increasingly relevant and urgent for research. The development of international tourism causes wide spreading of various infectious diseases from countries with unfavorable sanitary and hygienic conditions. \u0000The article analyses the clinical case of a patient who recently returned from India and who developed the combined course of typhoid fever and leptospirosis on the background of astrovirus infection and blastocystosis. The disease debuted with symptoms of enteritis, low-grade fever, and mild intoxication. The patient repeatedly sought medical help. Diagnoses of “Acute respiratory viral infection” and “Intestinal infection of unknown etiology” were established. Symptomatic therapy was carried out without a positive effect; fever and severe asthenic syndrome persisted. The patient was hospitalized on the 18th day of illness in a condition of moderate severity. Taking into account clinical, anamnestic, epidemiological data and laboratory examination results, typhoid fever was diagnosed. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, Astrovirus RNA was detected in the stool, and Blastocystis hominis was detected during stool examination. Despite the ongoing pathogenetic and antibacterial therapy, considering the determination of the pathogen's sensitivity to antibiotics, the patient's condition worsened. On the 23rd day of illness, the appearance of jaundice, hemorrhagic syndrome, and signs of acute renal failure were noted. An in-depth analysis of changes in the clinical and laboratory aspects of the disease, considering epidemiological history data (stay in a region endemic for leptospirosis), made it possible to diagnose leptospirosis and carry out correction of antibacterial therapy. Carrying out complex intensive therapy with the use of extracorporeal treatment methods helped prevent the development of unfavorable outcomes of combined pathology. \u0000This clinical case illustrates the need for doctors to be wary of the problem of imported infections and to conduct additional comprehensive investigation for suspected cases.","PeriodicalId":507959,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"85 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140422798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malignant anthrax in Russian Federation in 2023: two case reports","authors":"V. V. Nikiforov","doi":"10.17816/eid623060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid623060","url":null,"abstract":"Malignant anthrax is a serious health and agricultural problem in Russia. Even starting only from 1900, more than 70 thousand outbreaks of infection among people and animals can be counted in Russia. Adequate veterinary measures have now led to a sharp decrease in the level of morbidity in livestock as the main source of its causative agent. At the same time, the incidence of human illness has decreased, which is greatly facilitated by routine immunization of the population exposed to occupational risk of infection. However, despite the measures taken, epizootics and epidemic foci of anthrax are registered annually. As a result, anthrax diseases occur quite often among residents of these areas. The article discusses the features of the modern course of the cutaneous form of anthrax, which is analyzed during the treatment of patients from two foci of anthrax infection in the Voronezh region in August-October 20123. The uniqueness of this observation lies in the opportunity to present to readers the evolution of skin changes in the carbunculous variety of cutaneous anthrax from the early stages of development of the ulcerative process to almost complete recovery.","PeriodicalId":507959,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"136 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139172314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the role and perspectives of diagnostic improvement of infectious diseases in forensic practice","authors":"E. Burdova, P. V. Minaeva, Galina M. Kozhevnikova","doi":"10.17816/eid623160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid623160","url":null,"abstract":"Postmortem verification of an infectious disease in forensic medical practice is of exceptional importance for solving several problems facing both the doctor conducting the examination and the healthcare system, from the regional to the international level. The review presents an analysis of scientific articles devoted to the possibilities of post-mortem diagnosis of infectious diseases. Foreign and domestic experience of forensic doctors in conditions of the threat and spread of highly contagious diseases and emerging infections is shown, as well as an overview of approaches to organizing safe working environment in the forensic medical examination bureau is given and analyzed.","PeriodicalId":507959,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"54 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139182433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of tonsillitis caused by parasitization of Clinostomum complanatum.","authors":"S. S. Kozlov, L. A. Ermakova, V. S. Turitsin, Marina Alexandrovna Zotova","doi":"10.17816/eid608179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid608179","url":null,"abstract":"Trematode Clinostomum complanatum Rudolphi 1814, a common helminth of fish-eating birds, which is widespread in the world. Larvae of this parasite live in freshwater fish. Clinostomiasis infects a person rarely when eating thermally untreated freshwater fish. A clinical description of a case of clinostomosis in a resident of the Tambov region of Russia is given. The first signs of the disease developed on the third day after eating river fish (perch). In the next two days, the symptoms intensified. After examination of the oropharynx, 5 individuals C. complanatum were removed followed by recovery.","PeriodicalId":507959,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139182232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lethal case of lung gangrene against the background of viral-bacterial pneumonia (COVID-19 and Fusobacteria)","authors":"O. V. Alpidovskaya","doi":"10.17816/eid568080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid568080","url":null,"abstract":"The respiratory system is the main target of infection (COVID19) spread by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The article presents a case of the development of viral-bacterial pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 and Fusobacteria, complicated by the development of gangrene of the lower lobe of the right lung with abscess formation. Clinical case. The patient was admitted for inpatient treatment, accompanied by an ambulance team for emergency reasons, with complaints of pain when coughing, shortness of breath, cough with mucopurulent sputum, fever up to 39.60C. On computed tomography of the chest: signs of viral-bacterial pneumonia. Infiltration was determined in the region of the lower lobe of the right lung, against which a cavity with melting lung tissue was revealed. The result of a virological study of a swab from the throat and nose: SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus RNA was detected. Despite treatment, the patient died. Autopsy revealed signs of viral-bacterial pneumonia and a decaying cavity with purulent contents, diffuse destructive changes with hemorrhages. Conclusion. The cause of death of the patient was a new coronavirus infection COVID-19, which caused bilateral viral-bacterial pneumonia, complicated by the development of gangrene of the lower lobe of the right lung with abscess formation.","PeriodicalId":507959,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139215741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}