Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Development of an INDEL typing system for ctx+ strains of Vibrio cholerae from the seventh pandemic","authors":"S. Vodopyanov","doi":"10.17816/eid631523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid631523","url":null,"abstract":"A bioinformatic analysis of 2105 full-genome sequences of toxigenic ctxAB+tcpA+ strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor from open databases was carried out in order to search for INDEL loci for molecular typing. Based on the convenience criterion for allele size identification, eight INDEL loci were selected. Three loci have been described previously, and five were identified as a result of this work. The designed primers formed amplicons ranging in size from 67 to 390 base pairs, which made it possible to confidently identify them during gel electrophoresis. The distribution of alleles formed 11 unique INDEL clusters, which we designated A-K. Based on the number of strains within the clusters, three types of clusters were identified: major (A, B and C) made up 89% of the total number of sequences studied, intermediate (D, E, F, G and H) 10.5% of the genomes. Three minor clusters ̶ I, J and K were represented by single strains. Four clusters united strains isolated in the 20th century (A - 1941, F - 1957, G - 1993, E - 1999, respectively), and seven clusters - in the 21st century in the period from 2003 to 2016. In the period from 2019 to 2023, representatives of INDEL clusters were active: A, B, D and E. The study of the timing of circulation suggested that representatives of different clusters have different epidemic significance, which was manifested in the absence of isolation of strains of some clusters in recent years. A comparative study of INDEL typing with SNP typing in the in silico analysis of 378 genomes of strains isolated on the African continent indicates that the proposed INDEL typing method is not inferior to SNP typing in terms of resolution.","PeriodicalId":507959,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":" 687","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe course of leptospirosis (clinical case)","authors":"D. Efremov, Ainur R. Khuramshin, Vladimir B. Beloborodov","doi":"10.17816/eid627890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid627890","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes a clinical case of severe leptospirosis. Patient K., was admitted to the neurosurgical department on 26.11.2023 with a diagnosis of «Closed craniocerebral injury dated 22.11.2023. Severe brain injury. Linear fracture of the occipital bone. Eyelid hematoma. An abrasion of the upper eyelid on the right». On 29.11.2023, an objective examination drew attention to an increase in body temperature to 39.50 C, subictericity of the sclera and skin, conjunctival injections. There is a hemorrhagic rash on the skin of the trunk and limbs. Hemodynamics is unstable, episodes of arterial hypotension. Laboratory examination revealed mild anemia, signs of hepatic-renal insufficiency, hyperbilirubinemia, increased concentrations of creatine phosphokinase, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin. Hepatic-renal insufficiency increased in dynamics, the level of creatine phosphokinase and procalcitonin increased. Additionally, the differential diagnostic search was aimed at identifying infectious diseases: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, leptospirosis, malaria, viral hepatitis. Immunoglobulins of class M to Leptospira interrogans were detected (11.12.2023). The patient received antibacterial therapy, extracorporeal detoxification operations, artificial ventilation, infusion therapy, correction of the hemostasis system were performed in parallel. Against the background of complex treatment, the patient's condition was stabilized, and the patient was discharged from the hospital on 61 days with restoration of health.","PeriodicalId":507959,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140673873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manifestation of epidemic process, clinical and epidemiological characteristics of adult patients in the early period of the COVID-19 epidemic in Russia","authors":"A. Fomicheva, Nikolay N. Pimenov, Svetlana V. Komarova, A. Urtikov, Artur R. Sakhautdinov, D. Strelkova, G. Nekludova, S. Rachina, S. N. Avdeev, V.P. Chulanov","doi":"10.17816/eid628868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid628868","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: to study the epidemic process, clinical and epidemiological features of adult patients with COVID-19 identified during the first and second periods of the rise and decline in the incidence of new coronavirus infection in Russia. \u0000Materials and methods: this study included patients aged ≥18 years with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, identified in the periods from 03/02/2020 to 30/06/2020 (n=286 205) and from 11/01/2020 to 01/31/2021 (n=1 655 022) in Russia. \u0000Results: at the early stage of the COVID-19 epidemic in Russia, there were defined 2 periods of rise and fall in incidence: March - August 2020 and September 2020 - May 2021. The median age of patients with COVID-19 in the first period was 50.0 [37- 62] years, in the second – 52.0 [39-64] years. The share of females was 55.5% and 60.1%, respectively. The distribution of patients in the first and second periods was: mild - 63.0% and 74.4%, moderate - 29.0% and 20.1%, severe - 4.9% and 3.5%, extremely severe – 3.1% and 2.1%, respectively. In the first period, the structure of cases was dominated by people in the age group 50-59 years (20.5%), in the second - 60-69 years old (20.5%). The median duration of the period from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 4 days in both periods, of the disease was 16.0 [12-21] and 13 [10-17], of hospitalization was 15.0 [12-20] and 13.0 [10-18]. The rate of hospitalizations was 48.4% and 25.6% in the first and second periods, rate of transfers to the ICU - 7.8% and 10.3%, IMV - 5.6% and 7.7%, respectively. In both periods, the median age of the deceased was 73 [66-82] years, with a higher proportion of men in all age groups except 18-29 and 70+ years. One or more chronic diseases, male gender increased the likelihood of death (OR=10.2 and OR=1.3 in the first period; OR=16.0 and OR=1.6 in the second, respectively). \u0000Conclusions: in the early period of the COVID-19 epidemic in Russia, related to the spread of the “wild” strain of SARS-COV-2 and genetically closely related lines, differences in the manifestations of the epidemic process and clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients were revealed. In the second period there was a decrease in the frequency of the heavy and extremely severe COVID-19, a decrease in the frequency and duration of hospitalizations, but a slight increase in the frequency of ICU and IMV was noted.","PeriodicalId":507959,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140689970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype structure in children for the period 2016-2022","authors":"I. Protasova, I. Feldblium, N. V. Bakhareva, Ludmila Vasilevna Zinovieva, S. Sidorenko","doi":"10.17816/eid627518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid627518","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The need for microbiological monitoring of the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes is associated with changes that occur during routine immunization of children with pneumococcal vaccines. \u0000Aim. To characterize the changes in the serotype structure of S. pneumoniae obtained from healthy preschool children from 2016 to 2022. \u0000Materials and methods. Nasopharyngeal isolates of pneumococcus (n=265) were obtained from 1250 healthy children under 6 years of age attending kindergartens. Serotype structure of S. pneumoniae was performed using PCR. \u0000Results. During 2016-2018, the prevalence of pneumococcal carriage was decreased from 27.3% to 17.3%, and by 2022 it was increased again to 25.6%. At the same time, the correspondence of S. pneumoniae serotypes to the antigenic composition of the 13-valent pneumococcal vaccine was decreased from 48.8% to 9.4%, and to the composition of the 20-valent vaccine – from 75.6% to 39.1%. The proportion of “non-vaccine” types of pneumococcus, accordingly, increased from 22% in 2016 to 61% in 2022. Among the “non-vaccine” serotypes/groups, 15AF, 6CD, 23A and 35F/47F were predominated, and new variants were also discovered: 23B and 35B. The serotypes included in the 13-valent conjugate vaccine were detected, as a rule, among unvaccinated children and were represented by variants 19F, 6A and 6B, 23F. Throughout the observation period, pneumococci of serotypes/groups 15BC, 11AD and 10A were detected with high frequency. \u0000Conclusions. During 2016-2022, due to the elimination of a significant part of the “vaccine” S. pneumoniae serotypes, there was a significant decrease in the compliance of circulating pathogen variants with the antigenic composition of the used conjugate vaccines. At the same time, new types that are detected with high frequency are not included in existing pneumococcal vaccines which necessitates the creation of new immunobiological drugs.","PeriodicalId":507959,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140695754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CLINICAL CASES OF LEGIONELLIosis IN THE KRASNODAR REGION DURING THE NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19 PANDEMIC, DIFFICULTIES IN DIAGNOSIS","authors":"M. Avdeeva, Lyudmila P. Blazhnyaya, D. Moshkova, M. I. Kulbuzheva, Ilina Savitskaya, Angelina Podsadnyaya, Natalya Kirilenko, Elena Yakovchuk, Oksana Chernyavskaya, Polina Mamonova","doi":"10.17816/eid627123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid627123","url":null,"abstract":"The high incidence of community-acquired pneumonia against the backdrop of continued registration of COVID-19 requires early differential diagnosis, due to different patient management tactics. Among community-acquired pneumonias, legionella diseases deserve special attention. The difficulty of clinical diagnosis of legionellosis during the COVID-19 pandemic leads to untimely prescription of specific antibacterial therapy, which worsens the prognosis of the outcome of the disease. The work provides clinical examples that draw the attention of specialists to the features of clinical, laboratory and radiological manifestations of legionellosis, as well as the important role of epidemiological data for the differential diagnosis of legionellosis from the new coronavirus infection COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":507959,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"107 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140725037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis as a variant of the course of hepatotropic viruses’ infection","authors":"V. Syutkin, V. Chulanov","doi":"10.17816/eid627312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid627312","url":null,"abstract":"Fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis (FCH) is a special variant of the history of infectious hepatitis, with a rapid progressive deterioration of liver function; usually develops in immunosuppression; it has also been reported in immunocompetent patients with viral hepatitis B and C. The diagnosis of FCH is based on histological examination of liver tissue, which reveals the predominance of damage to hepatocytes with their pronounced ballooning over a weak inflammatory reaction, pericellular and perisinusoidal fibrosis, and also intracellular and tubular cholestasis. Analysis of the literature confirms the authors' assumption that pathological changes in the liver, described as FCH, can develop in different conditions under the influence of various infectious agents. Despite the availability of effective antiviral therapy for hepatitis B and C, the outcomes of FCH are often unfavorable, especially in cases not associated with solid organ transplantation. Currently, due to the emergence of a large number of drugs that selectively act on the immune system, the development of new areas of medicine in hematology, rheumatology, oncology, transplantology, and infectious diseases, doctors in these specialties are increasingly faced with unexpectedly severe forms of liver damage on specific therapy. The authors believe that there is an underestimation by doctors who do not work at Liver Transplantation Centers of the possibility of developing FCH in patients with viral hepatitis B and C, both in the clinic of infectious and internal diseases.","PeriodicalId":507959,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140722305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro study of the bactericidal activity for new derivatives of quaternary ammonium salts based on pyridoxine against gram-positive/gram-negative bacteria","authors":"M. Agafonova, Elizaveta D. Kobylinskaia, E. S. Bulatova, Alina S. Biktimirova, S. Sapozhnikov, N. Shtyrlin, Y. Shtyrlin","doi":"10.17816/eid624847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid624847","url":null,"abstract":"Background: preventive care and successful treatment of infectious diseases (including hospital-acquired infections) are among the most important tasks of modern healthcare. There are not many effective antiseptics and disinfectants to solve this problem. Quaternary ammonium salts are currently one of the promising classes of disinfectants but their use is limited by the ability of microorganisms to develop resistance to these compounds. Modification of QAS with substituents of various natures is a possible way to solve this problem. \u0000Aims: in this work a bactericidal activity comparative analysis for two original quaternary ammonium compounds based on pyridoxine was carried out in comparison with benzalkonium chloride. \u0000Materials and methods: the bactericidal activity of 0.1% and 0.2% aqueous solutions of original QACs based on pyridoxine were studied against two widespread pathogens: S. aureus and E. coli. Antibacterial activity data were obtained using a standard in vitro test (bactericidal activity test on a metal surface, exposure time 1, 5 and 15 minutes). In addition to standard conditions, antibacterial efficacy was also studied under protein loading conditions (adding BSA solution to the surface). \u0000Results: for the studied compounds the RF (reduction factor - reduction lgCFU of microorganisms) was on average ≥ 3. Complicating the model conditions in the form of protein load led to a decrease in efficiency by 1-3 orders. We have also observed an interesting effect of exposure time-dependent specificity reversal to the S. aureus and E. coli. \u0000Conclusions: The obtained results showed high activity of the studied compounds (corresponding to the effectiveness criterion RF≥3 for commercial compounds used in this field).","PeriodicalId":507959,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"266 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140730322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF A FOCUS OF BRUCELLOSIS AMONG ANIMALS AND PEOPLE IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN","authors":"Olga Nazarova","doi":"10.17816/eid626812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid626812","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past 3 years, the Russian Federation has seen an increase in the incidence of newly diagnosed brucellosis. The problem of brucellosis remains important in regions with developed livestock farming; however, cases of diseases in animals and humans can also be recorded in other regions of the country. \u0000 The article describes an outbreak of brucellosis in a peasant farm in the Novosheshminsky municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan, affecting 148 heads of cattle and 4 farm employees. The disease was caused by Brucella abortus. An analysis of maps of the epizootic and epidemiological survey of the outbreak, acts on the sanitary and epidemiological survey, and sanitary and hygienic characteristics of the working conditions of workers was carried out. Data from the case histories of 4 peasant farm workers with brucellosis are also presented. \u0000 The most likely cause of the epizootic was the unauthorized import of cattle, and human diseases were caused by non-compliance with working conditions and personal protective measures for farm workers. \u0000 Conclusion: Cases of brucellosis in our days are more often recorded in endemic areas. However, with defects in veterinary and sanitary control in any territory, epizootics are possible, which pose a serious danger both in terms of the damage they cause to the national economy and the possible infection of people, primarily belonging to professional risk groups. The disease does not have pathognomonic symptoms and can be suspected only if doctors are alert, evaluate the results of preliminary and periodic medical examinations with laboratory examinations of “at-risk” populations, and subject to a thorough collection of epidemiological history.","PeriodicalId":507959,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"43 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140729812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting COVID-19 Outcomes in Patients at Advanced Stages of HIV Infection: A Model-based Approach","authors":"Anna E. Tsygankova, V. Chulanov, A. Gerasimov, E. Volchkova, Anton A. Privalenko, Viktoriya A. Bakhtina, Vladimir A. Habudaev, D. Baimukhambetova","doi":"10.17816/eid627198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid627198","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Background: Today clinicians and their decisions extensively rely on specific treatment algorithms. These algorithms include prognostic models to identify high-risk patients requiring hospital admission and clinical monitoring. Our paper suggests a prognostic model to forecast COVID-19 outcomes in patients with advanced HIV disease, considering the high risk for unfavorable outcome and the need of a specialized approach [2]. \u0000Objective: The objective is to develop a prognostic model combining predictors of unfavorable COVID-19 outcome in patients with advanced HIV disease. \u0000Materials and methods: The study is based on 500 medical records of patients with advanced HIV disease admitted for confirmed COVID-19 from March 1, 2020 through December 31, 2022 for inpatient treatment at the Infectious Diseases Hospital in Moscow. \u0000Results: Each of the 500 patients was evaluated for 167 predictive markers for unfavorable COVID-19 outcome, outlining 50 indicators that varied significantly across the subgroups of advanced HIV disease patients with COVID-19 depending on favorable or poor outcome. Oxygen therapy was the most significant factor showing strong correlation with poor outcome in advanced HIV patients with COVID-19. Subsequently, predictors were selected stepwise in order to enhance predictive accuracy of the resulting model by adding more factors. \u0000The resulting model included 7 factors, e.g. oxygen therapy requirements, CD4+ count under 50 cells/μL, manifest CMV infection characterized by lung damage, elevated lactate dehydrogenase, urea, and fibrinogen levels, as well as unspecified encephalitis. using available data in calculations, a prognostic scenario and a ROC curve were built to assess practical significance of the obtained prognostic model. The area under the ROC curve was 90.9%, thus confirming prediction accuracy and overall practical significance of the model. \u0000Conclusions: The suggested prognostic model enables to assess potential outcomes in patients with HIV and COVID-19 co-infection admitted to hospital at advanced stages of disease, as well as to plan adequate therapies based on the obtained results. \u0000Keywords: HIV, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2","PeriodicalId":507959,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"80 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140254623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In honor of the 100th anniversary of the Department of Infectious Diseases at the First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov (Sechenov University)","authors":"V. Chulanov, E. Volchkova, V. A. Malov, Natalia Yurchenko","doi":"10.17816/eid627067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid627067","url":null,"abstract":"The article is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Department of Infectious Diseases of the First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov (Sechenov University). It examines the key biographical information about the department heads and the achievements of the teams at various historical stages. Currently, the department aligns with the educational policies of Sechenov University up to 2030. New educational programs are being created for students, both in Russian and English languages. New teaching methodologies are being implemented, talented students are being engaged in a student research on infectious diseases, interdisciplinary Olympiads are being held, and conditions are being formed to enhance student involvement in research and development activities to prepare competitive professionals with new professional competences (research, interdisciplinary, digital), capable of advancing science and new technologies.","PeriodicalId":507959,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"84 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140251668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}