{"title":"Enhanced deep learning approach for high-accuracy mobility coordinate prediction","authors":"Siham Sadiki, Hanae Belmajdoub, Nisrine Ibadah, Khalid Minaoui","doi":"10.1007/s12243-025-01081-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12243-025-01081-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate prediction of mobility coordinates (<i>x</i> and <i>y</i>) is essential for effective transportation planning, urban development, and mobile network optimization. This study presents Tri-Sequence Temporal Network (TriSeqNet), an innovative architecture that synergizes the capabilities of bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM), residual gated recurrent units (Residual GRU), and temporal convolutional networks (TCN) to concurrently predict <i>x</i> and <i>y</i> coordinates. Our approach outperforms existing methods by leveraging the combined strengths of these advanced neural network models. The performance of TriSeqNet is evaluated using traditional metrics such as mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), as well as the coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) and explained variance (EV). This comprehensive evaluation framework demonstrates the robustness and accuracy of the proposed model in various predictive scenarios.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50761,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Telecommunications","volume":"80 and networking","pages":"473 - 488"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel digital watermarking technique empowered by MWT and DCT fusion with high resilience against cropping attacks","authors":"Arun Kumar Athimoolam, Chaitanya Krishna Chevula","doi":"10.1007/s12243-025-01078-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12243-025-01078-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Digital watermarking is a technique for protecting digital content from unauthorized copying and distribution by embedding a unique identifier into the content. In this research paper, we propose a method for embedding digital watermarks using the multi-resolution wavelet transform (MWT) and discrete cosine transform (DCT) for the detection of copyright infringement. The proposed method uses MWT to decompose the original image into different sub-bands; and then, the DCT is applied to embed the watermark into the high-frequency sub-bands. The synergy of MWT and DCT presents a formidable defense against cropping attacks, making it a vital tool for applications that require secure and resilient information embedding in images. The proposed method is evaluated using various images and compared with other watermarking techniques. Experimental results show that the proposed method is robust against extreme cropping attacks even in the presence of noise.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50761,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Telecommunications","volume":"81 1-2","pages":"33 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147617970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An efficient mobile cloud security method based on strong multi-factor authentication and smart card technology","authors":"Cherif Ghazel, Imen Merdassi, Leila Saidane","doi":"10.1007/s12243-025-01076-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12243-025-01076-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) overcomes various challenges related to processing capacity, storage space, and battery life. However, accessing cloud services in MCC introduces additional complexities due to the involvement of third parties. Among the existing mechanisms, authentication is the most widely used method for securely accessing information. Single-factor authentication, for example, the use of passwords and two-factor authentication, is not sufficient to ensure better security. Thus, the multi-factor authentication proposal ensures a higher level of protection by extending the single-factor or two-factor authentication. To address this, in this work, we propose an architecture for multiple-factor mutual authentication applications. We introduce a new factor, which is the one-time password (OTP) calculated using an image chosen by the mobile user. Additionally, we propose a new multiple-factor mutual authentication scheme based on smart card technology. To prove the security and safety of the corresponding proposed protocol, we conducted a formal security analysis using the AVISPA (Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications) tool. The performance analysis demonstrates the efficiency of our proposed scheme in terms of computational overhead compared to related existing schemes. The experimental results are also developed to evaluate and validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme using the MATLAB environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50761,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Telecommunications","volume":"81 1-2","pages":"9 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147617964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance analysis of SWIPT-enabled two-way decode-and-forward relay network under (kappa -mu ) fading","authors":"Suryanarayan Sahoo, Nagendra Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s12243-025-01079-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12243-025-01079-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research investigates the performance of two-way relaying (TWR) networks enabling simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) under the generalized <span>(kappa -mu )</span> fading model, known for its flexibility in characterizing diverse wireless propagation environments. TWR is employed to facilitate efficient bidirectional communication, utilizing a time-switching (TS) scheme at the relay to manage energy harvesting and information transfer processes simultaneously. The decode-and-forward protocol is adopted to enhance information flow reliability, while selection combining at the destination improves signal reception from both direct and relay-assisted links, thereby boosting overall system performance. Closed-form expressions are derived for key performance metrics, including outage probability, system throughput, and system energy efficiency, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the system’s behavior. The analysis highlights the impact of critical factors such as the TS factor, energy conversion efficiency, threshold target rates, and <span>(kappa -mu )</span> fading parameters on system performance. The theoretical results are validated through extensive Monte Carlo simulations, demonstrating the accuracy and robustness of the proposed analytical framework.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50761,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Telecommunications","volume":"81 1-2","pages":"51 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147617968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geraldo A. Sarmento Neto, Thiago A. Ribeiro da Silva, Pedro F. F. de Abreu, Artur F. da S. Veloso, Luís H. de O. Mendes, André C. B. Soares, José V. dos Reis Junior
{"title":"Evaluating a mobility-aware ADR scheme in urban and suburban LoRaWAN environments","authors":"Geraldo A. Sarmento Neto, Thiago A. Ribeiro da Silva, Pedro F. F. de Abreu, Artur F. da S. Veloso, Luís H. de O. Mendes, André C. B. Soares, José V. dos Reis Junior","doi":"10.1007/s12243-025-01077-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12243-025-01077-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>LoRaWAN provides extensive coverage, low energy consumption, and support for numerous connected devices. Aiming to reduce power demand while maximizing network throughput, LoRaWAN employs the ADR mechanism, which adjusts transmission parameters based on the link budget. However, standard ADR struggles in environments with mobile end devices and frequent signal variations, requiring alternative approaches for such scenarios. In this context, this paper proposes and evaluates Percentile-based ADR (P-ADR), a scheme that leverages statistical methods to estimate link conditions more accurately and swiftly adapt to dynamic environments. To assess its performance, P-ADR was compared against ADR+, M-ADR, and standard ADR in various urban and suburban scenarios, considering simulated networks with 1–2 gateways and 200–1000 static and mobile end devices. Results show that P-ADR significantly enhances performance in mobile environments, achieving up to a 22.6% improvement in the average PDR and up to 62.63 bits/J higher average energy efficiency compared to standard ADR. These findings suggest that P-ADR is a promising solution for IoT applications, particularly in scenarios with fluctuating channel conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50761,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Telecommunications","volume":"80 9-10","pages":"745 - 758"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John Sousa, Eduardo Ribeiro, Romulo Bustincio, Lucas Bastos, Renan Morais, Eduardo Cerqueira, Denis Rosário
{"title":"Enhancing robustness in federated learning using minimal repair and dynamic adaptation in a scenario with client failures","authors":"John Sousa, Eduardo Ribeiro, Romulo Bustincio, Lucas Bastos, Renan Morais, Eduardo Cerqueira, Denis Rosário","doi":"10.1007/s12243-025-01075-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12243-025-01075-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Federated learning offers a promising solution for enabling collaborative model training across autonomous vehicles while preserving privacy and reducing communication overhead. However, efficiently selecting clients for the training process remains challenging, particularly in environments with statistical heterogeneity and frequent client failures. Client failures, often due to mobility or resource constraints, can significantly degrade the performance of the global model by reducing accuracy, slowing convergence, and introducing bias. This paper proposes a novel approach to enhance the robustness and reliability of FL in autonomous vehicle networks by integrating an entropy-based client selection mechanism with a minimal repair model. The entropy-based selection identifies clients with diverse and informative data, while the proposed tool substitutes failed clients with similar ones using the Hausdorff distance. Our results demonstrate that this combined approach outperforms existing methods regarding training loss, accuracy, and area under the curve, particularly in scenarios with high client dropout rates. These findings highlight the importance of considering data diversity and client substitution strategies to maintain robust FL in dynamic vehicular environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50761,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Telecommunications","volume":"80 9-10","pages":"885 - 899"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the (eta -mu ) shadowed Ricean model for land mobile satellite channels","authors":"Stefan Panic, Arijit De, Milan Veskovic","doi":"10.1007/s12243-025-01074-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12243-025-01074-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we present an innovative approach to modelling the propagation channels of land mobile satellite (LMS) systems by employing the <span>(eta -mu )</span> distribution for a comprehensive narrowband channel model, which is crucial for the foundation of wideband models. This model is pivotal for accurately representing the complexities of satellite-to-mobile user channels, especially under non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions. By adopting the <span>(eta -mu )</span> distribution, our model transcends the limitations of conventional lognormal-based models by offering a more accessible statistical analysis through expressions for the envelope probability density function (PDF), the cumulative distribution function (CDF), the moment generating function (MGF) and the average channel capacity. The model facilitates easy performance evaluation for various modulation schemes. Numerical results demonstrate its effectiveness in calculating the average bit error rate (ABER) for binary differential phase shift keying (BDPSK), non-coherent binary frequency shifting keying (BFSK), and binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation schemes. With computational efficiency and adaptability, this model serves as a valuable tool for practitioners and system designers to analyze and decide on LMS communication systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50761,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Telecommunications","volume":"81 1-2","pages":"1 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147617969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Y. Li, M. J. Zheng, W. Yang, R. Y. Wang, X. J. Wang
{"title":"Performance analysis for security improvement in secondary NOMA networks","authors":"E. Y. Li, M. J. Zheng, W. Yang, R. Y. Wang, X. J. Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12243-025-01065-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12243-025-01065-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In order to improve the security of cognitive non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems, we propose a highly secure forwarding strategy for secondary networks, in which the relay uses the data sent by the primary transmitter to improve the security of its forwarding data. Specifically, two relay encoding strategies are designed to improve the security of the cognitive transmitter data, namely, power superposition (PS) encoding strategy and bit-level exclusive OR-PS (XOR-PS) encoding strategy. Considering the imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC) technology, the exact closed-form expressions of the outage probabilities and intercept probabilities of the PS and XOR-PS schemes in Rayleigh fading scenarios are derived. Then, the corresponding approximate results in high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are also given and the correctness of the theoretical results is verified by simulations. Furthermore, two other conventional PS and XOR-PS schemes without using the data of the primary user, represented by NPS and NXOR-PS, respectively, are provided as the benchmark to compare the security and reliability of the proposed protocols. Finally, numerical results show that the security of the proposed PS and XOR-PS schemes is much better than that of the NPS and NXOR-PS schemes in the case of without degrading the outage performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50761,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Telecommunications","volume":"80 7-8","pages":"627 - 638"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive rollup execution: dynamic opcode-based sequencing for smart transaction ordering in Layer 2 rollups","authors":"Inas Hasnaoui, Maria Zrikem, Raja Elassali","doi":"10.1007/s12243-025-01068-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12243-025-01068-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The blockchain trilemma, involving the balance of scalability, security, and decentralization, remains a critical challenge in blockchain networks. Layer 2 (L2) solutions, especially rollups, have emerged as promising approaches to enhancing scalability. They execute transactions on an auxiliary L2 chain and submit batched results to the Layer 1 (L1) blockchain, preserving L1 security and decentralization while significantly increasing throughput and reducing transaction costs. However, current rollup mechanisms primarily focus on batching and compression techniques without dynamically optimizing transaction execution based on resource utilization. This paper extends our previous work on AI-driven opcode smart contract classification, presented at the ISIVC2024 conference [1], by introducing a new layer of optimization through an opcode-based adaptive rollup execution strategy. By analyzing opcode sequences of smart contract transactions, we categorize transactions based on computational complexity and resource requirements. Our adaptive batching algorithm prioritizes transactions using an opcode-based score, forming batches that optimize gas consumption, enhance throughput, and improve processing efficiency within rollup mechanisms. Additionally, we incorporate dynamic scheduling algorithms within the sequencer, utilizing machine learning models to predict optimal execution orders and adjust strategies based on real-time network conditions. Our analysis evaluates the performance of our adaptive batching algorithm against traditional methods and assesses the dynamic scheduling approach as an enhancement to our model. The results indicate improvements in sequencer efficiency and resource utilization during rollup transaction execution. This research contributes to addressing the blockchain scalability trilemma by offering an adaptive approach that responds to evolving blockchain network demands.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50761,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Telecommunications","volume":"80 and networking","pages":"533 - 546"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advanced speech biomarker integration for robust Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis","authors":"Anass El Hallani, Adil Chakhtouna, Abdellah Adib","doi":"10.1007/s12243-025-01073-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12243-025-01073-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The healthcare sector has witnessed a transformative shift in recent years, driven by rapid advancements in digital technologies. Among the myriad of applications, the management of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has garnered significant attention. AD, the most common form of dementia, affects millions globally and presents a significant challenge due to its progressive and currently incurable nature. Early detection is crucial, yet existing diagnostic methods are invasive, expensive, and not readily accessible. This study proposes a hybrid approach combining traditional acoustic features (e.g., MFCC, pitch, jitter, shimmer) with deep learning-based embeddings (YAMNet, VGGish) to enhance the robustness and accuracy of AD detection through speech analysis. The methodology involves comprehensive feature extraction, dimensionality reduction via autoencoders, and classification using advanced machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models. Evaluation on the ADReSS dataset demonstrates the proposed method’s superior performance, achieving an accuracy of 89.9% with a deep neural network classifier. The results highlight the potential of integrating traditional and modern techniques to develop non-invasive, cost-effective, and accessible tools for early AD detection, paving the way for timely intervention and improved patient outcomes. Future work will focus on expanding datasets, incorporating diverse demographics, and refining models for better sensitivity and specificity in clinical applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50761,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Telecommunications","volume":"80 and networking","pages":"427 - 444"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}