Annals of Telecommunications最新文献_第2页

Opportunistic EBCS access mechanism for IEEE 802.11bc: a probabilistic approach IEEE 802.11bc的机会EBCS访问机制：一种概率方法

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学

Annals of Telecommunications Pub Date : 2026-02-20 DOI: 10.1007/s12243-026-01151-2

Ahmed Boujnoui, Hamid Taramit, Luis Orozco-Barbosa, Abdelkrim Haqiq

{"title":"Opportunistic EBCS access mechanism for IEEE 802.11bc: a probabilistic approach","authors":"Ahmed Boujnoui, Hamid Taramit, Luis Orozco-Barbosa, Abdelkrim Haqiq","doi":"10.1007/s12243-026-01151-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12243-026-01151-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the growing demand for video applications, ensuring reliable broadcast services in Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) has become increasingly critical. Furthermore, digital video services are highly sensitive to network impairments due to timing constraints and video frame dependencies. This paper contributes a valuable theoretical and simulation framework for the design and implementation of the Wireless Broadcast Access Protocol (WBAP): an opportunistic broadcast access protocol designed to support Enhanced Broadcast Services (EBCS) recently introduced by the IEEE 802.11bc amendment. We construct a Markov model to capture the performance of WBAP in both saturated and unsaturated conditions. The analytical results are validated using a custom-made MATLAB simulator. Our findings show that WBAP effectively manages the coexistence of unicast and broadcast traffic, significantly enhancing network performance and reliability in terms of Quality of Service/Quality of Experience (QoS/QoE), particularly under high-load traffic conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50761,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Telecommunications","volume":"81 7-8","pages":"607 - 624"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12243-026-01151-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148553098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Software-defined optical networking for high throughput and delay differentiation in datacenters 用于数据中心的高吞吐量和延迟区分的软件定义光网络

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学

Annals of Telecommunications Pub Date : 2026-02-18 DOI: 10.1007/s12243-026-01160-1

Salek Riadi

{"title":"Software-defined optical networking for high throughput and delay differentiation in datacenters","authors":"Salek Riadi","doi":"10.1007/s12243-026-01160-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12243-026-01160-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Datacenters offer a scalable IT infrastructure that meets the growing demands for computing power and storage while minimizing operating costs and energy consumption. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is an advanced networking paradigm that segregates the control plane from the data plane, aiming to simplify the management of network resources and reduce complexity. Optical Burst Switching (OBS) consumes less energy compared to electronic switching approaches and offers greater flexibility than other optical switching approaches for handling bursty datacenter traffic. Another advantage of OBS is the separation of control and data planes, which simplifies network programmability using SDN specifications. This paper proposes an optical datacenter network architecture based on Optical Burst Switching (OBS) and aligned with SDN specifications. To implement this architecture, a new flow table structure is adopted, along with a new burst scheduling algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of this architecture, achieving zero burst loss, high throughput, and low burst delay. The results also confirm that the proposed approach can provide QoS differentiation between flow classes in terms of delay through appropriate flow table configuration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50761,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Telecommunications","volume":"81 7-8","pages":"625 - 636"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148553256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Machine learning with UMAP k-NN-ML classification for data processing: a case study on LocURa4Iot dataset 基于UMAP k-NN-ML分类的机器学习数据处理：以LocURa4Iot数据集为例

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学

Annals of Telecommunications Pub Date : 2026-02-16 DOI: 10.1007/s12243-026-01161-0

Fatma Abbes, Sami Mnasri, Thierry Val, Haifa Touati

{"title":"Machine learning with UMAP k-NN-ML classification for data processing: a case study on LocURa4Iot dataset","authors":"Fatma Abbes, Sami Mnasri, Thierry Val, Haifa Touati","doi":"10.1007/s12243-026-01161-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12243-026-01161-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The interest of the classification problem in IoT networks has recently been highlighted by numerous researchers. Various classification and learning algorithms are used to determine the precise locations of nodes. This paper introduces a supervised k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) classification model to categorize new nodes in Internet of Things collection networks. The proposed method uses real training datasets and shows that the k-NN classifier can reduce misclassification costs efficiently. The LocURRa4Iot dataset, with two classes of data, is used. The first class, called class1, contains two attributes. The first attribute represents the strength indicator of the signal received from the first message (rssiRequest), and the second attribute represents the signal strength indicator received from the second message (rssiAck). The second class, called class2, contains two attributes: flight time and flight time after correcting the clock offset on the second message (ACK). These classes are used as training data. The aim is to assign new nodes to the training classes using the k-NN algorithm. The obtained results indicate that the UMAP k-NN-ML algorithm. The obtained results indicate that the proposed classifier with <span>(varvec{k}varvec{=}varvec{3}varvec{,} varvec{5}varvec{,})</span> and <span>(varvec{7})</span> reveals a trade-off between local sensitivity and noise robustness. The <span>(varvec{k}varvec{=}varvec{5})</span> setting delivers the best performance, balancing precision (<i>87%</i>), recall (<i>85.8%</i>), and F1-score (<i>86.8%</i>). While <span>(varvec{k}varvec{=}varvec{3})</span> is more sensitive to fine patterns but prone to noise, <span>(varvec{k}varvec{=}varvec{7})</span> tends to underfit due to excessive smoothing. Overall, <span>(varvec{k}varvec{=}varvec{5})</span> offers the optimal compromise for this dataset.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50761,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Telecommunications","volume":"81 7-8","pages":"655 - 664"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148553036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Health risk assessment of 5G technologies: the ANSES approach 5G技术的健康风险评估：ANSES方法

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学

Annals of Telecommunications Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1007/s12243-026-01158-9

Dina Attia, Olivier Merckel

引用次数: 0

Characterization of EMF exposure induced by French cellular networks 法国蜂窝网络诱发的EMF暴露特性

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学

Annals of Telecommunications Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1007/s12243-026-01156-x

Jiang Liu, Shanshan Wang, Zain Haider, Qunfei Sun, Yarui Zhang, Serge Bories, Lamine Ourak, Joe Wiart

{"title":"Characterization of EMF exposure induced by French cellular networks","authors":"Jiang Liu, Shanshan Wang, Zain Haider, Qunfei Sun, Yarui Zhang, Serge Bories, Lamine Ourak, Joe Wiart","doi":"10.1007/s12243-026-01156-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12243-026-01156-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of electromagnetic exposure in operational French fourth generation (4 G)/long term evolution (LTE) networks, combining field measurements with computational modeling to assess both uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) contributions. We introduce the novel Radiated Energy per Bit Transmitted (REBT) metric to quantify network radiated energy efficiency, while characterizing TX power patterns across different services, revealing higher mean-to-maximum power ratios for data services compared to voice calls. Through analysis of a representative 2600 MHz user, we demonstrate field-strength-dependent exposure dynamics: with DL field strength of 1 V/m, UL contributes 30% (head) and 12.8% (whole body) of total exposure, while at 0.38 V/m, UL becomes predominant (75% head, 50.4% whole body). Notably, the relative contribution of UL exposure to the total head exposure is consistently higher than that of DL exposure across all scenarios. All measured exposure levels remain well below ICNIRP safety limits, validating safety compliance of LTE. The study establishes an important methodological framework, combining the global exposure index with detailed transfer function analysis, providing critical insights for both current 4 G and emerging fifth generation (5 G) exposure assessments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50761,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Telecommunications","volume":"81 9-10","pages":"735 - 755"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12243-026-01156-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149014630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

RF-EMF bystander exposure in the 5G era measured across various microenvironments in Greece 在希腊的各种微环境中测量5G时代的RF-EMF旁观者暴露

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学

Annals of Telecommunications Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1007/s12243-026-01143-2

Spyridon Delidimitriou, Dimitrios Babas, Athanasios Manassas, Joe Wiart, Theodoros Samaras

{"title":"RF-EMF bystander exposure in the 5G era measured across various microenvironments in Greece","authors":"Spyridon Delidimitriou, Dimitrios Babas, Athanasios Manassas, Joe Wiart, Theodoros Samaras","doi":"10.1007/s12243-026-01143-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12243-026-01143-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid growth of mobile communication technologies and the introduction of new cellular networks have led to increased public exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs), raising concerns regarding potential health effects. This study investigates RF-EMF exposure of individuals not using a wireless device themselves, referred to as “bystander exposure,” across a wide range of indoor and outdoor locations in Greece. Measurements were conducted between September 2023 and September 2025 using the EME Spy Evolution personal exposimeter and covering all cellular uplink and downlink frequency bands, the 5G NR band at 3.6 GHz, and Wi-Fi bands of 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz. A total of 16,900 measurement points were collected across 76 microenvironments in urban, suburban, and rural locations, under both high- and low-traffic conditions. Results show that downlink exposure dominates in urban areas, while uplink exposure is higher in rural environments due to lower base station density. Indoor environments exhibit a greater uplink contribution to the total bystander exposure than outdoor environments, while outdoor locations are primarily dominated by downlink exposure. The 5G 3.6 GHz band contributes minimally to the average exposure but can produce occasional peaks reaching up to 82% of the total received power in certain cases. In indoor environments, the Wi-Fi band of 5 GHz contributes more to the total bystander exposure than the band of 2.4 GHz, whereas the 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi band contributes almost equally to both indoor and outdoor locations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50761,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Telecommunications","volume":"81 9-10","pages":"721 - 734"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12243-026-01143-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149014621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hotspot analysis and prediction for mobile networking applications 移动网络应用的热点分析与预测

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学

Annals of Telecommunications Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1007/s12243-026-01144-1

Gwladys Ornella Djuikom Foka, Sachit Mishra, Razvan Stanica, Diala Naboulsi

{"title":"Hotspot analysis and prediction for mobile networking applications","authors":"Gwladys Ornella Djuikom Foka, Sachit Mishra, Razvan Stanica, Diala Naboulsi","doi":"10.1007/s12243-026-01144-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12243-026-01144-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the dynamics of mobile traffic is highly valuable for a variety of fields, such as transportation and networking. In particular, analyzing <i>hotspots</i>, i.e., areas presenting an increased popularity at certain times, is crucial for adequate planning and management operations. Yet, despite its importance, we lack today a precise definition of the term <i>hotspot</i> in the community. The essence of this contribution is based on a unique mobile phone dataset collected by a French mobile operator in the city of Paris. In this work, we propose a new definition for the hotspot concept while highlighting the major weaknesses of the literature. Moreover, we provide an extensive benchmarking for the hotspot forecasting problem. Our results show that Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) gives the best performance for the hotspot prediction problem, and we consider it for a Robotic Aerial Base Station (RABS) deployment application. In order to minimize the RABSs’ travel distances, we mathematically model the problem and introduce a greedy and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms to solve it. The results in terms of coverage ratio and travel distance showcase the difference between a prediction-based approach and a non-prediction-based approach.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50761,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Telecommunications","volume":"81 1-2","pages":"133 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147617982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Delays in mempool-based blockchains under realistic conditions: case of Narwhal and DroneVet application 现实条件下基于内存池的区块链的延迟：narwhale和DroneVet应用的案例

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学

Annals of Telecommunications Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1007/s12243-026-01153-0

Khouloud Hwerbi, Ichrak Amdouni, Cédric Adjih, Leila Azouz Saidane, Anis Laouiti

{"title":"Delays in mempool-based blockchains under realistic conditions: case of Narwhal and DroneVet application","authors":"Khouloud Hwerbi, Ichrak Amdouni, Cédric Adjih, Leila Azouz Saidane, Anis Laouiti","doi":"10.1007/s12243-026-01153-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12243-026-01153-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study focuses on modeling and analyzing the delay in consensus protocols within mempool-based blockchains. In such systems, unconfirmed transactions are temporarily stored in a memory pool (mempool) before being selected, ordered, and committed to blocks by the consensus mechanism. In a previous work, we designed a generic model of a mempool-based blockchain, capturing core protocol behaviors. The model involves <span>(n)</span> nodes (potentially including Byzantine nodes) that exchange blocks and await one or two quorums of acknowledgments before producing new blocks and advancing to the next round. Based on this framework, we derived two Markov chains to characterize round durations and validated them through simulations. In this paper, we extend that work in three key directions: (1) We focus on Narwhal, a specific mempool protocol, describing its operations and its round duration formula. (2) We introduce DroneVet, an application leveraging UAVs to monitor livestock health and share collected data across stakeholders via blockchain technology. DroneVet is implemented using Narwhal and includes realistic environmental constraints such as packet loss, network latency, and UAV-energy limitation. (3) We develop DroneVet and compare its round duration with the theoretical round duration of Narwhal. By taking into account the environmental factors specific to agricultural deployments, this work highlights how such conditions impact the reliability and responsiveness of blockchain-based systems. Our findings provide valuable insights for deploying secure, resilient, and transparent blockchain solutions in rural settings to support reliable livestock monitoring.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50761,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Telecommunications","volume":"81 7-8","pages":"549 - 568"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148553274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Towards a formal framework for blockchain-based access control in e-health systems 为电子医疗系统中基于区块链的访问控制建立正式框架

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学

Annals of Telecommunications Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1007/s12243-026-01152-1

Aida Ben Chehida Douss, Ryma Abassi

{"title":"Towards a formal framework for blockchain-based access control in e-health systems","authors":"Aida Ben Chehida Douss, Ryma Abassi","doi":"10.1007/s12243-026-01152-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12243-026-01152-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growing adoption of electronic health (e-health) systems, enabled by the Internet of Things (IoT), has revolutionized patient care by supporting remote monitoring and more efficient service delivery. However, the sensitive nature of health data and the involvement of multiple stakeholders pose significant challenges in securing data access, safeguarding privacy, and ensuring regulatory compliance. Traditional security solutions such as classical access control models, encryption, and centralized identity management often lack the flexibility, scalability, and transparency required by modern IoT-enabled e-health ecosystems. Although blockchain technology has been proposed to enhance transparency and data integrity, many existing approaches fail to implement comprehensive access control mechanisms or effective privacy-preserving strategies. This paper proposes a secure and context-aware access control framework based on blockchain technology with smart contracts and three formally specified, rule-based inference systems. Each rule is specifically designed to address a distinct core category of e-health data: patient identification, medical, and administrative/financial data. These inference systems dynamically assess access requests based on stakeholder roles and data sensitivity levels. They generate decisions that either grant full access, apply data masking (pseudonymization, generalization, or aggregation), or deny access altogether. Sensitive health data remains securely stored off-chain, while smart contracts enforce access policies in real time using embedded inference rules. A formal validation of the inference systems was conducted to ensure the soundness, i.e., no unauthorized access and the completeness, i.e., no legitimate access omitted. This validation reinforces the framework’s reliability and supports secure, privacy-preserving data sharing in IoT-enabled e-health environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50761,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Telecommunications","volume":"81 7-8","pages":"509 - 533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148553188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Massive assessment of exposure to 5G electromagnetic fields in France: a 5-year synthesis 法国5G电磁场暴露的大规模评估：5年综合研究

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学

Annals of Telecommunications Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1007/s12243-025-01142-9

Ourouk Jawad, Emmanuelle Conil, Lydia Sefsouf, Jean-Benoît Agnani

{"title":"Massive assessment of exposure to 5G electromagnetic fields in France: a 5-year synthesis","authors":"Ourouk Jawad, Emmanuelle Conil, Lydia Sefsouf, Jean-Benoît Agnani","doi":"10.1007/s12243-025-01142-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12243-025-01142-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents the results of a large-scale measurement campaign to assess the impact of 5G deployment on exposure levels in mainland France. The campaign consists of more than 24,000 measurements taken on the ground in direct view of 5G antennas between 2020 and 2024, subdivided into seven phases, in order to closely monitor changes in exposure. The measurements consist of accredited measurements following the ANFR protocol and exploratory measurements designed to emulate steerable-beam loading in the 3.5 GHz band. The paper also introduces a metric quantifying the rate of 5G usage. Results show that, at 5G 3500 MHz sites, the broadband exposure level increased by 0.12 V/m on average over the 5-year period, while the 3500 MHz band contribution increased by 0.34 V/m on average, reflecting the progressive adoption of 5G. Despite this increase, the 3500 MHz band remained a secondary contributor, accounting for only 10% of the main contributors in 2024, far behind historical 800/900 MHz bands. Exploratory measurements reveal that exposure during a 1 GB download is, on average, four times higher than in idle mode, with a median 5G 3500 MHz usage rate of 17% and a mean of 26%. In the other 5G bands, exposure increased more moderately: +0.15 V/m in the 2100 MHz band and +0.14 V/m in the 700 MHz band, where pre-existing 4G signals already dominated. This unique long-term dataset provides the most extensive 5G exposure assessment published to date under real deployment conditions, quantifying the gradual contribution of 5G to overall exposure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50761,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Telecommunications","volume":"81 9-10","pages":"701 - 719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149014632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0