Applied Neuropsychology-Adult最新文献

{"title":"Preliminary findings from reevaluating the MMPI Response Bias Scale items in veterans undergoing neuropsychological evaluation.","authors":"Lauren N Ratcliffe, Andrew C Hale, Brian D Gradwohl, Robert J Spencer","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2106571","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2106571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Response Bias Scale (RBS) was developed to predict non-credible cognitive presentations among disability claimants without head injury. Developers used empirical keying, which is independent of apparent content, to select items from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) item pool that distinguished between individuals passing or failing performance validity tests (PVTs). No study has examined which of these items would have psychometric value when used in clinical neuropsychological evaluations. This study reexamined items comprising RBS with reference to manifest item content, internal consistency, PVTs, and a symptom validity test (SVT) in a sample of 173 predominately White male veterans (<i>M_AGE</i> = 50.70, <i>M_EDU</i> = 13.73) in a VA outpatient neuropsychology clinic. Participants completed the MMPI-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF), PVTs, and an SVT. The 28-item RBS appears to contain three types of items: those that manifestly address cognitive functioning, those that are supported but do not appear to address cognitive functioning, and nine items that were unrelated to cognition and not statistically supported. The 19 empirically supported items, or RBS-19, predicted PVT and SVT failures marginally better than the RBS. Both the RBS and RBS-19 had stronger relationships with SVTs relative to PVTs. Although the removal of the nine problematic items improved the diagnostic accuracy of the scale, it still did not reach the level that is generally considered to be clinically optimal. The RBS-19 offers a measure with improved internal consistency and predictive validity compared to the RBS and warrants additional research.</p>","PeriodicalId":50741,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40664179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"At-distance neurocognitive rehabilitation during COVID-19 pandemic: A first glance of patients' perspectives about the process and an online platform.","authors":"Andreia Geraldo, Artemisa R Dores, Irene P Carvalho, Sandra Guerreiro, Alexandre Castro-Caldas, Fernando Barbosa","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2100993","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2100993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the use of digital communication technologies in neurocognitive rehabilitation has been widely used in face-to-face interventions, the difficulties of using ICT-based tools to provide rehabilitation services and the unfamiliarity of the neuropsychologists with internet interventions limited the use of these kinds of interventions in their clinical practices. The lockdown and mitigating measures associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, on the other hand, forced the use of at-distance and online interventions as a means to mitigate the impact of those measures on the mental health and rehabilitation processes of people with neurological disorders. Overall, little is known about the perspectives of patients with acquired neurological conditions about rehabilitation services delivered at distance. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to explore the perceptions that patients with neurological disorders have on at-distance online neurocognitive rehabilitation, namely during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sixteen patients with acquired neurological conditions attending an online neurocognitive rehabilitation program in a Portuguese rehabilitation center filled in an online questionnaire during the mandatory lockdown. The results of this study highlight the potential of delivering rehabilitation services at distance, presenting its advantages and limitations from patients' perspectives, as well as suggestions for improving both neurorehabilitation processes and the online rehabilitation platform used.</p>","PeriodicalId":50741,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40522658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impaired recollection and initially preserved familiarity in a patient with bilateral fornix transection following third ventricle colloid cyst removal: A two-year follow-up study.","authors":"Manuel Fuentes, Alicia Sales, Marina Charquero-Ballester, Gracián García-Martí, Juan Carlos Meléndez, Raul Espert, Michael Scheel, Hans-Christian Bauknecht, Katja Simon, Uta Köpstein, Sibylle Gebauer, Salvador Algarabel","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2104162","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2104162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Recognition memory is widely accepted as a dual process-based model, namely familiarity and recollection. However, the location of their specific neurobiological substrates remains unclear. Similar to hippocampal damage, fornix damage has been associated with recollection memory but not familiarity memory deficits. To understand the neural basis of recognition memory, determining the importance of the fornix and its hippocampal connections is essential.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Recognition memory was examined in a 45-year-old male who underwent a complete bilateral fornix section following the removal of a third ventricle colloid cyst. The application of familiarity and recollection for recognition memory decisions was investigated <i>via</i> an immediate and delayed associative recognition test and an immediate and delayed forced-choice task in the patient and a control group (<i>N</i> = 15) over a two-year follow-up period. Complete demographic, neuropsychological, neuropsychiatric, and neuroradiological characterizations of this patient were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Persistent immediate and delayed verbal recollection memory deficits were observed in the patient. Moreover, delayed familiarity-based recognition memory declined gradually over the follow-up period, immediate familiarity-based recognition memory was unaffected, and reduced non-verbal memory improved.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present findings support models that the extended hippocampal system, including the fornices, does not appear to play a role in familiarity memory but is particularly important for recollection memory. Moreover, our study suggests that bilateral fornix transection may be associated with relatively functional recovery of non-verbal memory.</p>","PeriodicalId":50741,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40664180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlates of subjective and objective everyday functioning in middle-aged and older adults with human immunodeficiency virus.","authors":"Alexandra E Jacob, Pariya L Fazeli, Michael G Crowe, David E Vance","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2109418","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2109418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PWH) are at an increased risk for impaired everyday functioning and they may also experience poor awareness of their functional status. This study identified factors associated with (1) subjective and objective instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) and (2) awareness of functional capacity in PWH. In this cross-sectional study, 236 PWH completed a neurobehavioral assessment, including self-report and performance-based measures of IADLs. Multiple regressions were performed to identify demographic, personality, and cognitive factors contributing to subjective and objective evaluation of everyday functioning, as well as discrepancy between self-report and performance-based measures of IADLs. Results indicated that increased depression was associated with worsened self-report of everyday functioning but not performance of IADLs. Cognitive function and age were associated with IADL performance. Most participants (58.1%) demonstrated a discrepancy between self-report and actual performance of IADLs. Worse processing speed was correlated with greater discrepancy. Inaccurate self-reporters had worse overall cognitive functioning and lower levels of personality traits, including openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness. In conclusion, self-report and actual performance of IADLs in PWH is influenced by different factors. Self-report may be more affected by psychological variables, such as mood and personality, while actual performance is more sensitive to age and cognitive function.</p>","PeriodicalId":50741,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40439029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The English-language version of the Self-Report Symptom Inventory: a pilot analogue study with feigned head injury sequelae.","authors":"Kirsten Aryal, Thomas Merten, Lucy Akehurst, Irena Boskovic","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2109158","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2109158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Questionnaire-based symptom validity tests (SVTs) are an indispensable diagnostic tool for evaluating the credibility of patients' claimed symptomatology, both in forensic and in clinical assessment contexts. In 2019, the comprehensive professional manual of a new SVT, the Self-Report Symptom Inventory (SRSI), was published in German. Its English-language version was first tested in the UK. This experimental analogue study investigated 20 adults simulating minor head injury symptoms and 21 honestly responding participants. The effect sizes of differences between the two groups were large, with the simulating group endorsing a higher number of pseudosymptoms, both on the SRSI and the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology, and scoring lower on the Reliable Digit Span than the control group. The results are similar to those obtained in previous research of different SRSI language versions, supporting the effort to validate the English-language SRSI version.</p>","PeriodicalId":50741,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40694490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The cognitive and cognitive-motor training contribution to the improvement of different aspects of executive functions in healthy adults aged 65 years and above-A randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Justyna Wiśniowska, Emilia Łojek, Anna Chabuda, Mateusz Kruszyński, Anna Kupryjaniuk, Maria Kulesza, Agnieszka Olejnik, Paulina Orzechowska, Hanna Wolak","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2106864","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2106864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The study aimed at examining the effectiveness of cognitive-motor dual-task and single-task cognitive training on executive and attention functions in participants over 65 years of age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study comprised 68 participants. They were randomly assigned to dual-task cognitive-motor training (DTT), single-task cognitive training (STT) or a control group (C). The training program in all groups encompassed 4 weeks and consisted of three, 30-min meetings a week. Specialized software was designed for the purposes of the study. Both before and after the training, the cognitive functioning was assessed using: <i>Color Trials Test, Ruff Figural Fluency Test, Wisconsin Sorting Card Test, Digit Span, Verbal Fluency Test, Stroop Color-Word Test</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the cognitive-motor training, improvement was achieved in the control and inhibition of reactions. Moreover, after the cognitive training, improvements in abstract thinking and categorization were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite the small sample limitation, the preliminary result shows each form of the training supports a different aspect of executive functions but does not contribute to the improvement in attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":50741,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40587790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in executive functioning between adults with ADHD and those diagnosed with other psychiatric diagnoses: Utility of the CTMT and the WAIS-IV.","authors":"Dustin Keith Shepler, P Douglas Callan","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2102923","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2102923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, the utility of the Comprehensive Trail Making Test (CTMT) and WAIS-IV working memory (WMI) and processing speed (PSI) indices in assessment of ADHD were examined. Using retrospective analysis of data from two private practices, patients were classified as having ADHD, having another psychiatric disorder, or having comorbid ADHD and other psychiatric disorder. Results indicated that significant differences existed in performance across the three groups [<i>F</i>(6, 246) = 3.38, <i>p</i> = .003; Pillai's Trace = 0.152, partial <i>η</i>² = 0.076] on CTMT scores (<i>p</i> < .05), WMI scores (<i>p</i> ≤ .001) and PSI scores (<i>p</i> < .05). Logistic regression analyses indicated WMI and CTMT trail 5 scores were individually useful indicators in identifying the presence of ADHD. Analysis also indicated minimal increase in correct classification of presence or absence of ADHD through combining CTMT, WMI, and PSI scores. Clinical implications for neuropsychological assessment and differential diagnosis of ADHD are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":50741,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40648044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical utility of the Saint Louis University Mental Status Examination (SLUMS) in a mixed neurological sample: Proposed revised cutoff scores for normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia.","authors":"Zachary C Merz, John W Lace","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2106572","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2106572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early detection of cognitive impairment is of paramount importance in clinical settings, with several brief screening tools having been developed for that purpose. The present study sought to evaluate the clinical utility of the Saint Louis University Mental Status examination (SLUMS) at identifying examinees with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, or dementia syndrome using the criterion of a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Two hundred sixty-three examinees (<i>M</i> age = 67.84 ± 12.72; 59.3% female; 81.4% white) were referred for comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation at a private, Mid-Atlantic medical center. Using original cutoff scores, the SLUMS correctly classified just over half (55.1%) of examinees. Classification statistics suggested modified cutoff scores for mild cognitive impairment (≤24) and dementia (≤17) with strong discriminability between cognitive status groups (AUCs ranged from .834 to .986). These proposed revised cutoff scores improved overall concordance between SLUMS and diagnostic conclusions from comprehensive clinical neuropsychological testing, correctly classifying nearly two-thirds of examinees (65.4%). The SLUMS and its revised cutoff scores appear to have clinical utility for cognitive screening in primary care and neurological settings to inform treatment plans and appropriate referrals for comprehensive neuropsychological assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":50741,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40673247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A further study of the psychometric qualities of the Strange Stories-Revised across the three stages of aging.","authors":"Catherine Gourlay, Pascal Collin, Camille D'Auteuil, Marie Jacques, Peter B Scherzer","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2109419","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2109419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Happé's Strange Stories task was developed in 1994 to assess theory of mind, the ability to infer mental states in oneself and others. Since then, it has undergone revisions, translations, and adaptations. A modified version of the task, the Strange Stories-Revised (SS-R), previously showed satisfactory qualities in a study aiming at identifying psychometrically acceptable social cognitive measures.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current study expands upon the psychometric evaluation study by examining the qualities of a short version of the SS-R in a sample of healthy adult subjects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred and eighteen healthy adults completed the task along with neurocognitive measures. Mean scores of the long and short versions were compared. Associations between ToM as measured by performance on this abbreviated version of the SS-R, and potential confounders were explored. Internal consistency, dimensionality of the short version, and performance comparisons across three stages of aging (18-34; 35-59; 60-85 years old) were investigated, and standard measurement error was calculated to improve precision and data interpretation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Reliability coefficients were comparable in the short and long versions. Principal component analysis showed that a one-factor structure best fits the data. Significant differences were observed in ToM performance across the three age groups, indicating a decline with time that was also captured by the long version, starting during midlife and increasing in significance with age.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The short version of the SS-R is a promising measure that can be profitably used in time-limited settings to assess theory of mind.</p>","PeriodicalId":50741,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40610597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age and neurocognition are associated with credibility evaluations of health websites.","authors":"Michelle A Babicz, Samina Rahman, Victoria M Kordovski, Savanna M Tierney, Steven Paul Woods","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2096453","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2096453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The internet has become a common means by which many older adults seek out health information. The prevalence of misinformation on the internet makes the search for accurate online health information a more complex and evaluative process. This study examined the role of age and neurocognition in credibility evaluations of credible and non-credible health websites. Forty-one older adults and fifty younger adults completed a structured credibility rating task in which they evaluated a series of webpages displaying health information about migraine treatments. Participants also completed measures of neurocognition, internet use, and health literacy. Results suggested that older adults rated non-credible health websites as more credible than younger adults, but the age groups did not differ in their ratings of credible sites. Within the full sample, neurocognition was associated with credibility ratings for non-credible health websites, whereas health literacy was related to the ratings of credible sites. Findings indicate that older adults may be more likely to trust non-credible health websites than younger adults, which may be related to differences in higher-order neurocognitive functions. Future work might examine whether cognitive-based supports for credibility training in older adults can be used to improve the accuracy with which they evaluate online health information.</p>","PeriodicalId":50741,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40629536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}