{"title":"Reproductive decision-making in cancer susceptibility syndromes","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2024.102527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2024.102527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Cancer susceptibility syndromes confer an increased lifetime risk of cancer and occur due to </span>germline likely-pathogenic or pathogenic variants in a cancer susceptibility gene. Clinical </span>Genetics<span><span><span> services advise patients of ways to manage their future cancer risks, often prefaced with uncertainties due to poor understandings of individualised risk. For individuals/couples whose future offspring are at risk of a cancer susceptibility syndrome, different options are available depending on their preferences and circumstances, including prenatal diagnosis<span> and preimplantation genetic testing. This review provides an overview of the most common cancer susceptibility syndromes, available reproductive options and a </span></span>genetic counselling framework recommended to support individuals/couples in their decision-making. We describe complexities of decision-making involving moderate </span>penetrance<span> and sex-specific variable penetrance genes and explore associated ethical issues arising in this complex area of medicine.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":50732,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 102527"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Screening for women at risk of spontaneous preterm birth, including cervical incompetence","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2024.102519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2024.102519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Preterm births remain one of the biggest challenges in </span>obstetrics<span><span> worldwide. With the advancement of neonatal care<span>, more premature neonates survive with long term consequences. Therefore, preventing or delaying preterm births starting from the preconceptional or antenatal periods are important. Among the numerous screening strategies described, not one can fit into all. Nonetheless, approaches including identifying women with modifiable risk factors for preterm births, </span></span>genitourinary infections<span> and short cervical length are the most useful. In this article, the current evidence is summarized and the best strategies for common clinical scenerios including </span></span></span>cervical incompetence<span>, history of second trimester<span> loss or early preterm births, incidental short cervix and multiple pregnancy are discussed.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":50732,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 102519"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141402685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antenatal reproductive screening for pregnant people including preconception: Provides the best reproductive opportunity for informed consent, quality, and safety","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2024.102520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2024.102520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p><span>This antenatal screening review will include reproductive screening evidence and approaches for pre-conception and post-conception, using first to </span>third trimester screening opportunities.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Focused antenatal screening peer-reviewed publications were evaluated and summarized.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Evidenced-based reproductive antenatal screening elements should be offered and discussed, with the pregnancy planning or pregnant person, during Preconception (genetic carrier screening for reproductive partners, personal and family (including reproductive partner) history review for increased genetic and pregnancy morbidity risks); First Trimester<span><span> (fetal dating with ultrasound; fetal aneuploidy<span> screening plus consideration for expanded fetal morbidity criteria, if appropriate; pregnant person preeclampsia<span> screening; early fetal anatomy screening; early fetal cardiac screening); </span></span></span>Second Trimester<span> for standard fetal anatomy screening (18–22 weeks) including cardiac; pregnant person placental and cord pathology screening; pregnant person preterm birth screening with cervical length measurement); Third Trimester (fetal growth surveillance; continued preterm birth risk surveillance).</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Antenatal reproductive screening has multiple elements, is complex, is time-consuming, and requires the use of pre- and post-testing counselling for most screening elements. The use of preconception and trimesters ‘one to three’ requires clear patient understanding and buy-in. Informed consent and knowledge transfer is a main goal for antenatal reproductive screening approaches.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50732,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 102520"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141592417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kyle Fleischer , Averyl Bachi , Jonathan Kam , Priya Narayanan , Rajesh Nair , Shaheen Khazali
{"title":"Bladder Endometriosis: What do we know and what is left to find out? A narrative review","authors":"Kyle Fleischer , Averyl Bachi , Jonathan Kam , Priya Narayanan , Rajesh Nair , Shaheen Khazali","doi":"10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2024.102536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2024.102536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bladder endometriosis accounts for 70–85% of urinary tract endometriosis cases. Urinary tract endometriosis occurs in approximately 1% of those living with endometriosis. Underlying aetiology and pathogenesis are not fully understood, but there are several plausible theories. As well as the typical pain symptoms, those with bladder endometriosis can experience several urinary tract symptoms. The manifestation of these symptoms can have complex pathways and processes. Imaging is accurate in the diagnosis of bladder endometriosis and clinicians should be mindful of the risk of silent kidney loss. Management should be guided by symptoms; both medical and surgical options are feasible. Surgical management offers potentially definitive treatment. Excisional surgery via bladder shave or partial cystectomy offers good improvement in symptoms with relatively low rates of serious complications and recurrence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50732,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 102536"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is there a need for screening of cervical HPV infections and carcinoma?","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2024.102522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2024.102522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Antenatal cervical screening aims to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasms as precancerous lesions and invasive cervical cancer. Whether this screening is performed routinely during pregnancy varies depending on each country’s screening participation rates, guidelines, and the risks to the pregnant woman. In some countries with the high rate of routinely implemented cervical screening among the target women, women are recommended to defer cervical screening intentionally to post-delivery, though having screening in consultation with physicians may be possible if routine screening overlaps. However, when cervical screening rate in fertile women is low and the incidence of cervical cancer is high, cervical screening during pregnancy may play an important role in the early detection of cervical cancer. Cervical screening using high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is accepted worldwide as a highly sensitive and objective test method, and it should replace traditional primary cervical cytology in the future. However, the benefits and disadvantages of using HPV testing in pregnant women is unclear because a false positive rate may be increased due to pregnant women being generally under an immunosuppressed condition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50732,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 102522"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1521693424000683/pdfft?md5=823b9a81d381b63a535ecc31562e5a06&pid=1-s2.0-S1521693424000683-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141408350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pre-eclampsia challenges and care in low and middle-income countries: Understanding diagnosis, management, and health impacts in remote and developing regions","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2024.102525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2024.102525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As an example of a low- and middle-income country (LMIC), India ranks pre-eclampsia among the top three causes of maternal mortality, following haemorrhage and infections. It is one of the primary concerns for maternal and perinatal health<span> in LMICs. Many LMICs lack clear consensus and guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, including pre-eclampsia. The International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy<span> 2021 guidelines address LMIC applications, offering customisable solutions. Atypical presentations of pre-eclampsia contribute to diagnostic delays, resulting in additional adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Implementing management strategies faces challenges in both urban and rural settings. Adapting global research involving local populations is imperative, with the potential for cost-effective adoption of international guidelines. Prevention, early diagnosis, and education dissemination are essential, involving healthcare providers and advocacy initiatives. Encouraging government investment in pre-eclampsia management as a public health initiative is important. This article explores socio-economic, cultural, and legislative factors influencing the management of pre-eclampsia in LMICs, addressing emerging challenges and potential partnerships for healthcare provision.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":50732,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 102525"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“The Green Peace” How ICG can prevent complications in endometriosis surgery?","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2024.102505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2024.102505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>This literature review summarises the investigation into using Indocyanine Green (ICG) in the surgical management of </span>endometriosis<span>, focusing mainly on its application in Deep Endometriosis (DE). The study reviews the development, fluorescence characteristics, and clinical usage of ICG in enhancing the precision of identifying endometrial lesions during surgery. Emphasizing the technology's contribution to improved lesion visualisation, the paper discusses how ICG facilitates increased diagnostic accuracy, potentially reducing recurrence rates and the necessity for subsequent interventions. Additionally, it explores ICG's role in minimizing the risk of iatrogenic injuries<span>, especially in ureteral endometriosis, and its utility in surgical decision-making for rectosigmoid endometriosis by evaluating bowel perfusion. Conclusively, while acknowledging the clear benefits of ICG integration in endometriosis surgical procedures, the abstract calls for more extensive research to validate its efficacy and cost-efficiency in the broader context of endometriosis treatment.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":50732,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 102505"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141401974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Screening for viral hepatitis carriage","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2024.102523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2024.102523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span><span>Viral hepatitis during pregnancy is common globally. In this review, we focus on the antenatal screen for hepatitis A, B, C and E, the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B and C, and the management of hepatitis A, B, C and E during pregnancy. Neonatal timely administration of hepatitis B immunoglobulin and </span>hepatitis B vaccine is the cornerstone for preventing MTCT of </span>hepatitis B virus (HBV), and perinatal antiviral prophylaxis with </span>tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in mothers with positive HBeAg or HBV DNA >2 × 10</span><sup>5</sup><span> IU/ml also plays important roles in further reducing MTCT. Avoidance of risk practices in managing labor and delivery process of women with HCV<span><span> infection may be useful to reduce MTCT of HCV. Early recognition of severe hepatic injury or liver failure associated with hepatitis viruses by regular </span>liver function tests is critical to prevent maternal mortality associated with hepatitis.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":50732,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 102523"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141441222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Endometrioma surgery: Hit with your best shot (But know when to stop)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2024.102528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2024.102528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ovarian endometriomas (OEs) are commonly detected by ultrasound in individuals affected by endometriosis. Although surgery was widely regarded in the past as the gold standard for treating OEs, especially in the case of large cysts, the surgical management of OEs remains debated. Firstly, OEs often represent the “tip of the iceberg” of underlying deep endometriosis, and this should be considered when treating OEs to ameliorate patients’ pain for focusing on the surgical objectives and providing better patient counseling. In the context of fertility care, OEs may have a detrimental effect on ovarian reserve through structural alterations, inflammatory responses, and oocyte reserve depletion. Conversely, the surgical approach may exacerbate the decline within the same ovarian reserve. While evidence suggests no improvement in in-vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes following OE surgery, further studies are needed to understand the impact of OE surgery on spontaneous fertility. Therefore, optimal management of OEs is based on individual patient and fertility characteristics such as the woman's age, length of infertility, results of ovarian reserve tests, and surgical background. Among the available surgical approaches, cystectomy appears advantageous in terms of reduced recurrence rates, and traditionally, bipolar coagulation has been used to achieve hemostasis following this approach. Driven by concerns about the negative impact on ovarian reserve, alternative methods to obtain hemostasis include suturing the cyst bed, and novel methodologies such as CO2 laser and plasma energy have emerged as viable surgical options for OEs. In instances where sonographic OE features are non-reassuring, surgery should be contemplated to obtain tissue for histological diagnosis and rule out eventual ovarian malignancy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50732,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 102528"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1521693424000749/pdfft?md5=0d301360268f8831263b171bd1607df1&pid=1-s2.0-S1521693424000749-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141560564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of surgery on reproductive outcomes in women with deep endometriosis and proven presurgical infertility: Facts and controversies","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2024.102524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2024.102524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>In women with proven infertility and deep endometriosis (DE), optimal management is controversial. To date, there is no clear evidence on the association between infertility and different stages of rASRM, nor is there clear guidance from leading scientific societies for surgical treatment of DE patients. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on the main databases for English-language trials describing the effectiveness of surgery for DE in patients with proven infertility; 16 studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in this </span>systematic review<span> (CRD42024498888). Quantitative analysis was not possible because of the heterogeneity of the data. A descriptive summary of the results according to location of pathology, surgical technique used, and whether assisted reproductive technology (ART) was needed or not was provided.</span></p><p>A total of 947 infertile women were identified, 486 of whom became pregnant, with an average pregnancy rate of 51.3%. Our review suggests that surgery can be of valuable help in improving reproductive outcomes by improving the results of ART. It has not been possible to reach robust conclusions on the outcomes of surgery based on the location of DE because of the heterogeneity of evidence available to date.</p><p>Overall, although some data encourage first-line surgical management, further investigation is needed to determine its effective application before or after ART failure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50732,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 102524"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141443929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}