Perm Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Post-COVID-19 cognitive impairments (literature review)","authors":"A. P. Ivanova, M. A. Kuznetsova, E. I. Vinogradov, Yulia Karakulova, N. V. Selyanina","doi":"10.17816/pmj41351-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/pmj41351-59","url":null,"abstract":"Post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) is a condition that occurs in patients with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection 3 months after the onset of COVID-19 with symptoms that last at least 2 months and are not explained by any other diseases. PCC affects from 17% to 28% of patients and includes a wide range of clinical manifestations, including cognitive dysfunction. Cognitive dysfunctions can be manifested by a wide range of symptoms, such as memory impairment, attention deficit, executive dysfunction, and reduced information processing speed. Risk factors for developing PCC, with or without cognitive impairment, include late adulthood, pre-existing medical conditions, and severity of acute illness. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear, but suspected factors include neuroinflammation, hypoxia, vascular damage and latent reactivation of the virus, this does not exclude the possibility of direct viral central nervous system invasion. The analysis of retrospective cohort studies showed that the risk of cognitive deficits, dementia, psychotic disorders and seizures remained elevated even 2 years after the infection of SARS-CoV-2. It is interesting to note that there were no differences in the risks of neurological and psychiatric outcomes between infections caused by Omicron (B.1.1.529) or Delta (B.1.617.2) variants. Recent researches show that cognitive deficits after infection of SARS-CoV-2 persist for two years after the infection and were the greatest in individuals with more severe SARS-CoV-2 infection [2]. COVID-19 can impair the function of the interoceptive network of the brain selectively, while exteroceptive brain processing remains undamaged [3].","PeriodicalId":507221,"journal":{"name":"Perm Medical Journal","volume":"103 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141820983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The case of development of HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma with skin and lung lesions","authors":"M. Kobernik, V. Nikolenko, O. E. Mikova, A. A. Zavyalova, M. A. Pyankova","doi":"10.17816/pmj413153-159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/pmj413153-159","url":null,"abstract":"A clinical case of HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma with skin and lung lesions is presented. A patient referred to the Perm Regional Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases complaining of rash on the skin of the right wing of the nose, forehead, in the right axillary and right inguinal areas, on the shins. The first skin changes occurred in December 2020 on the right wing of the nose, later the pathological process spread to other areas of the skin. HIV was revealed in 2009 and the patient had not received specialized medical care until 2022 as he had been in prison. Since March 2022, the patient has been registered at the dispensary and regularly receives antiretroviral therapy. In April 2022, PET/CT tests and histological examination of a biopsy of skin rashes were performed. On the basis of these findings the diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma with skin and lungs lesions was made. \u0000HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma is accompanied by lesions of the skin and internal organs. Skin changes in Kaposi's sarcoma are characterized by the primary localization of foci on the face and upper extremities, and without antiretroviral therapy, by rapid progression and generalization of the pathological process. Visceral lesions worsen the course of the disease and complicate its prognosis. Patients with HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma need dynamic monitoring and complex therapy from infectious diseases specialists, dermatovenerologists, oncologists.","PeriodicalId":507221,"journal":{"name":"Perm Medical Journal","volume":" 1187","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness of photodynamic therapy in pediatric practice","authors":"S. A. Osipov, M. A. Aliev, N. A. Daribaeva, A. A. Murtazin, F. L. Agaeva, A. A. Khairullina, K. S. Shalganova, A. A. Filippova, V. V. Iksanova, M. A. Zhidenko, Ya. S. Salatov","doi":"10.17816/pmj41360-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/pmj41360-76","url":null,"abstract":"Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a relatively young but rapidly developing method of treatment. Currently, PDT is widely used in dentistry, dermatology, oncology and other fields of medicine. Cases of successful treatment of tumors of the head and neck, brain, lungs, pancreas, colon, breast, prostate, bladder, cervix and skin using PDT are described in literature. In addition, the effectiveness of PDT in the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections has been repeatedly proved. To date, there are a large number of studies on the use of PDT in various diseases in adults, but few data on this subject in children. The authors have been searching for publications in the electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar and eLibrary by the following keywords: \"PDT\", \"photodynamic therapy\", \"pediatrics\", \"children\", \"dermatology\", \"dentistry\", \"pulmonology\", \"ophthalmology\", \"oncology\". The search was conducted from the moment of the foundation of the corresponding database to August 2023. PDT is an innovative method of treating neoplasms and bacterial infections. On the basis of the data obtained while conducting the study, it can be confirmed that applying PDT allows to reduce the number of surgical interventions and achieve the best treatment results. All the studies and clinical cases with the use of PDT in the treatment of various diseases in children, which are presented in this review, demonstrated that the treatment results were better than those with standard therapy. However, certain limitations must be taken into account, these include difficulties in selecting a photosensitizer and its route of administration. At present PDT is being actively studied in the pediatric population, but there are still many gaps that require additional large-scale studies.","PeriodicalId":507221,"journal":{"name":"Perm Medical Journal","volume":" 1155","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early prediction of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely premature infants: a cohort study","authors":"A. V. Permyakova, O. Bakhmetyeva, M. A. Mamunts, A. Kuchumov, K. Koshechkin","doi":"10.17816/pmj413120-128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/pmj413120-128","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To develop the model for early prediction of clinically significant bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely premature infants. \u0000Materials and methods. 226 premature infants with gestational age less than 31 weeks, birth weight from 490 to 999 g, age from 0 to 7 days, and respiratory failure requiring ventilatory support (ventilator support) were included into a retrospective study conducted in the Perm Regional Perinatal Center. Machine learning algorithms such as logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest method, and gradient boosting method were used for the prognostic model building. Five variables were used: birth weight, Apgar score in the 5th minute of life, Silverman score, number of days of invasive ventilatory support, median oxygen fraction in the inhaled air measured daily during the first seven days of life. \u0000Results. In the 36th week of postconceptional age 148 out of 182 infants (81.3%) in the study cohort developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), among them 15.4% had a mild form, 29.7% a moderate one, and in 36.3% of patient it was severe. Among the four studied prediction algorithms, logistic regression model was chosen as the final model with metrics: AUC=0.840, accuracy 0.818, sensitivity 0.972, specificity 0.666. The practical application of the modeling results was implemented in the form of a probability calculator. \u0000Conclusions. In the early neonatal period of extremely premature infants, a combination of clinical predictors such as birth weight, Apgar score in the 5th minute of life, Silverman score, number of days of invasive ventilatory support, median oxygen fraction in the inhaled air measured during the first seven days of life can be used to predict the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The logistic regression model shows high sensitivity that minimizes the probability of an error of second kind. Thus, its application is useful in the early prediction of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants.","PeriodicalId":507221,"journal":{"name":"Perm Medical Journal","volume":"111 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141821218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for exogenous-constitutional obesity and possibilities of its prevention in children and adolescents","authors":"А. D. Chernyadyev, L. Sofronova, N. V. Minaeva, R. M. Akhmedova","doi":"10.17816/pmj41398-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/pmj41398-108","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of obesity becomes more and more urgent due to its rising incidence and unfavourable effects on health of both children and adults. Various factors leading to an increased energy consumption while its output is reduced at different periods of life (from conception to adulthood) are considered in the article. Different ways of exogenous-constitutional obesity prevention in children and adolescents are described. Influence of phones/television/computers on the formation of hypodynamia and inadequate nutrition which can result in an excess body weight and obesity is characterized. The significance of behavioral response in the pathogenesis of obesity which should be considered while developing preventive methods is stressed. Thus, the problem of obesity requires further studies and discussion.","PeriodicalId":507221,"journal":{"name":"Perm Medical Journal","volume":"111 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141821211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of functional disorders in children with narrowing of dentition from the perspective of the international classification of function-ing","authors":"M. A. Danilova, L. I. Arutyunyan, P. A. Prokoshev","doi":"10.17816/pmj41328-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/pmj41328-32","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To assess functional disorders in children with narrowing of the dentition from the perspective of the international classification of functioning. \u0000Materials and methods. The indicators of the components of the international classification of functioning were analyzed and assessed in 75 children with narrowing of the dentition aged 6–9. \u0000Results. Nasal breathing impairments and speech disorders were found in children with narrowing of the dentition. \u0000Conclusions. Orthodontists, otorhinolaryngologists, and speech therapists can use the parameters of the international classification of functioning to assess functional disorders in children with narrowing of dentition. It will help interdisciplinary planning in early diagnosis and treatment.","PeriodicalId":507221,"journal":{"name":"Perm Medical Journal","volume":" 998","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of population mortality from endocrine diseases and diabetes mellitus in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) since 2018 to 2022","authors":"L. A. Sydykova, T. E. Burtseva, L. A. Bugova","doi":"10.17816/pmj413129-135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/pmj413129-135","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To analyze the mortality from endocrine pathology of the population in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). \u0000Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the mortality rates from endocrine diseases and diabetes mellitus of the population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) from 2018–2022 was carried out. The analysis was based on the data of YARMIAC and the republican register of diabetes mellitus. \u0000Results. An increase in the death rate from endocrine pathology, from diabetes mellitus was noted during the analyzed period. In the structure of mortality from endocrine pathology, deaths from diabetes mellitus were 96%. The structure of causes of death in patients with diabetes mellitus includes renal failure, CHF, acute myocardial infarction, PE and pneumonia. \u0000Conclusions. The results obtained during the study will allow us to justify the need for improving the endocrinological service in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) scientifically and will form the basis for the regional program “Combating diabetes mellitus”.","PeriodicalId":507221,"journal":{"name":"Perm Medical Journal","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141822920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cervical muscular dystonia. Modern approaches to treatment","authors":"L. R. Akhmadeeva, D. I. Khalilov, N. B. Akhmerov, M. I. Kazikhanova, A. F. Nasibullina, E. M. Bagirov","doi":"10.17816/pmj41386-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/pmj41386-97","url":null,"abstract":"Cervical dystonia is a disease of the nervous system characterized by forcible discoordinated abnormal postures of the head and neck. There are several approaches to the treatment of dystonia: conservative drug treatment, botulinum therapy and neurosurgery. The latter includes deep brain stimulation, radiofrequency ablation, focused ultrasound, gamma knife. Literature data on this problem from open statistical and information databases such as Web of Science, PUBMED, Movement Disorders Society; International Association of Parkinsonism and Related Disorders were analyzed. Through a comparative approach, the advantages and disadvantages of modern approaches and interventions used in the treatment of cervical dystonia are noted. Among the modern methods of treating cervical dystonia, there are a large number of approaches that improve the methods of managing such patients. This review allowed us to summarize the experience of their application. A significant growth of abilities of stereotactic techniques used in the treatment of cervical dystonia was also noted.","PeriodicalId":507221,"journal":{"name":"Perm Medical Journal","volume":"122 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141820976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and non-hemorrhagic neuroimaging indicators of probable cerebral amyloid angiopathy as a cause of non-traumatic lobar hematomas","authors":"O. Novosadova, V. Grigoryeva, P. Astanin, M. A. Lesnikov, A. S. Samodurov","doi":"10.17816/pmj41315-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/pmj41315-27","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To identify clinical and non-hemorrhagic neuroimaging indicators of probable CAA in patients with acute non-traumatic lobar hematomas. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a microangiopathy affecting the leptomeningial and cortical vessels of the brain due to the deposition of pathological b-amyloid in them. The most common clinical manifestation of CAA is lobar hematomas (LH) – spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhages localized between the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. LH can also occur in hypertensive cerebral microangiopathy (hCMA) in patients with arterial hypertension. Since the tactics of managing patients with CAA and hCMA differ, it is important to determine the genesis of LH correctly. \u0000Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of clinical and neuroimaging characteristics of acute non-traumatic hypertension in 32 patients with probable CAA and hCMA was carried out. Along with neurological examination and neuroimaging, all patients underwent a study using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale and the Benson Complex Figure Test to reveal visuospatial impairments. The diagnosis of probable CAA was carried out in accordance with the updated Boston criteria of 2010, the diagnosis of hCMA was based on clinical data, anamnesis and results of neuroimaging of the brain. \u0000Results. Probable CAA was diagnosed in 16 patients, and in all these cases it was combined with hCMA (1st subgroup). Isolated hCMA as a cause of LH was also observed in 16 patients (2nd subgroup). Patients of subgroup 1 were statistically significantly more likely to have clinically pronounced visual impairments, performed the MoCA subtest and the Benson Complex Figure Test worse, and the overall assessment of their cognitive functions according to Mo SA was lower than in patients of subgroup 2. According to neuroimaging data, in the 1st subgroup of patients, an expansion of perivascular spaces in the semi-oval center and a zero or negative value of the front-occipital gradient were more often detected. The application of the logistic regression method made it possible to integrate potential CAA indicators and create a prognostic model for revealing this pathology in patients with hypertension. \u0000Conclusions. Clinically pronounced disorders of primary and higher visual functions, a negative front-occipital gradient and expansion of perivascular spaces in the semi-oval centers can serve as indicators of probable CAA in patients with acute lobar hematoma. On admission of such patients to the vascular center, it is advisable to include iron-sensitive pulse sequences in the neuroimaging screening protocol to verify the diagnosis of CAA.","PeriodicalId":507221,"journal":{"name":"Perm Medical Journal","volume":" January","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting the probability of complications during prostatectomy in pa-tients with prostate cancer using machine learning methods","authors":"M. A. Polidanov, M. Barulina, V. S. Marchenko, K. Volkov, A. P. Dyagel, N. A. Luzhnov, V. N. Kudashkin, N. V. Kolpakova","doi":"10.17816/pmj413109-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/pmj413109-119","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To determine the probabilities of predicting possible complications after surgery in patients with the diagnosis of prostate cancer using artificial intelligence methods. \u0000Materials and methods. Case histories of 701 patients who underwent prostatectomy were analyzed in the study. The anamnesis, findings of clinical, laboratory and instrumental study, as well as objective data of clinical observations were evaluated. The average age was 64.72. On the basis of the set of examination results, patients were selected according to the following inclusion criteria: prostate cancer patients without confirmed metastases with disease stage from T1N0M0 to T3N0M0; absence of previous and concomitant special treatment (immunotherapy or targeted therapy); informed consent to the surgery. Logistic regression, a binary classifier using a sigmoidal activation function on linear combinations of features, was used as a machine learning model. \u0000Results. It was determined that the logistic regression model based on selected parameters (prostate volume, pain syndrome, disease duration), predicts the probability of complications quite well (TPR=1). The overall accuracy of the model is: Accuracy=0.98. At the same time, it can be noticed from the agreement matrix that the trained model plays it safe and classifies some cases without complications incorrectly in 5.3% (FNR=0.053). However, the model never made an error and did not classify cases with a high risk of complications as those in which such a possibility was unlikely. \u0000Conclusions. The results obtained show that on the basis of just three parameters (prostate volume, pain syndrome, duration of the disease), it is possible to build a fairly good predictive model of the probability of complications after prostatectomy based on such machine learning method as logistic regression.","PeriodicalId":507221,"journal":{"name":"Perm Medical Journal","volume":"11 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141822345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}