OBM Neurobiology最新文献

{"title":"The Biomolecular Basis of Gut Microbiome on Neurological Diseases","authors":"Roberto Anaya-Prado, Ana P. Cárdenas-Fregoso, Ana M. Reyes-Perez, Danielle M Ortiz-Hernandez, Montserrat Quijano-Ortiz, Monica V Delgado-Martinez, Ana S Pelayo-Romo, Roberto Anaya-Fernández, M. Anaya-Fernández, Consuelo C Azcona-Ramirez, Ivan F Garcia-Ramirez, Miguel A. Guerrero-Palomera, Daniel Gonzalez-Martinez, Citlalli S Guerrero-Palomera, Karina Paredes-Paredes, Claudia Garcia-Perez","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403232","url":null,"abstract":"The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbors many microorganisms, including viruses, protozoa, archaea, fungi, and bacteria. Altogether, these microbes constitute what we know as the gut microbiome (GM). These commensal communities have important implications for human health. They influence physiological processes through different mechanisms, including synthesizing neurotransmitters, regulating enzymatic pathways, and releasing molecules responsible for different signal pathways. The interaction between GM and brain function has been associated with the development and pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases. This review discusses current studies targeting the regulation and modulation of GM in nerve, neuroendocrine, and immune pathways. Thus, we analyze current evidence on transcription, changes in composition, and specific interactions between the gut and brain from a biomolecular perspective. Special attention is paid to mood disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.","PeriodicalId":507111,"journal":{"name":"OBM Neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141643639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in a Child with Obsessive - Compulsive Disorder: A Case Study","authors":"Ioannis Syros, X. Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403231","url":null,"abstract":"Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a prevalent child and adolescent psychiatric condition characterized by substantial functional impairments. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has emerged as the primary therapeutic approach for managing mild to moderate cases of OCD in children and adolescents. Significant advancements have been made in applying CBT specifically to this age group in the past decade. Exposure and response prevention (ERP) is a core therapeutic technique grounded in the principle that anxiety tends to diminish through repeated exposure to anxiety-inducing stimuli, leading to a gradual reduction in anxiety response. In the present study, we present the case of a 9-year-old boy with OCD who was treated with CBT. Τhe evaluation of this case highlights the necessity for rigorous behavior analysis to precisely implement exposure therapy and the significance of multidisciplinary intervention in the child's daily life. In the discussion that follows the analysis of the case, parameters such as the differentiation of ERP in children compared to adults, the control of OCD over the rest of the family members and the OCD phenomenology of parents have been discussed. Additionally, the effect of the patient's comorbidity on the treatment outcome and his compliance with homework were also addressed.","PeriodicalId":507111,"journal":{"name":"OBM Neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141649099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glasgow Coma Scale Scores and Impact of Delirium on Intubated Seizure Patients Treated with Phenytoin and Lacosamide: Retrospective Analysis and Literature Review","authors":"Sara Alattar, Muhammad Nouman, Chidozie Onyiuke, Conrad Stasieluk, Edwin S Meresh","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403230","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have shown that decrease in time intubated is associated with better prognosis. Delirium is associated with increased duration of mechanical ventilation and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) length of stay. However, there is limited report on delirium in intubated seizure patients. As per report, low Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) increased the risk of delirium and thus increasing ICU length of stay. Information on delirium and outcome in intubated seizure patients receiving lacosamide versus phenytoin is limited. Our retrospective pilot study aimed to assess the GCS scores and impact of delirium in intubated seizure patients who were treated with phenytoin and lacosamide. In this retrospective pilot study, review was conducted via chart review of hospitalized, intubated seizure patients on Phenytoin or Lacosamide at Loyola University Medical Center Neurology ICU from 2018 to 2020. Endotracheal intubation was identified by ICD 10, ICD-10-PCS 0BH17EZ, (Z99.11), and Delirium diagnosis was identified using delirium ICD codes 10 F05, R41. 82 R41.0, ICD 9: 293, 780.97, and 298.2. Hospital and ICU patient admit and discharge dates and Glasgow Coma Scale scores were extracted. This pilot study investigated qualitative variables. The patient age at admission was an average of 65 years. A total of 20 charts were included in the final analysis. 50% of phenytoin group experienced delirium (4/8), 50% of the lacosamide group also experienced delirium (6/12). Number of Days Intubated in Delirium: 2.0 days, no delirium: 1.5 days, number of Days in ICU in Delirium: 5.6 days, no delirium: 3.3 days, number of days in hospital in delirium: 13.7 days, no delirium: 8.5 day. Patients with delirium had longer ICU stays (5.6 days vs. 3.3) and hospital stays (13.7 days vs. 8.5). Patients with GCS less than 10 were much more likely to experience delirium, with 8 out of 11 (73%) patients experiencing delirium versus 2 out of 9 (22%) for patients with GCS greater than 10. Low GCS score at ICU admission could predict emerging delirium in intubated seizure patients. Studies are required to see if early treatment of delirium can decrease the ICU length of stay. Our pilot study highlighted that GCS scores are a key component of assessment of functioning over hospital admission. Prospective and larger studies are required to determine the impact of delirium and relationship between GCS scores and delirium in intubated seizure patients. KeywordsStatus epilepticus; intubation; seizure; delirium; anticonvulsants; Glasgow Coma Scale score","PeriodicalId":507111,"journal":{"name":"OBM Neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141674120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alpha/Theta Neurofeedback Rehabilitation for Improving Attention and Working Memory in Female Students with Learning Disabilities","authors":"Roghieh Nooripour, Maryam Ghanbari Viki, N. Ghanbari, Fardin Farmani, F. Emadi","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403229","url":null,"abstract":"Learning disabilities (LDs) encompass a range of cognitive challenges that can significantly influence students' educational experiences and overall academic performance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of alpha/theta neurofeedback rehabilitation on attention and working memory in female students with learning disabilities. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-tests, post-tests, and a two-month follow-up and included a control group. Convenience sampling was used to select 40 female students with learning disabilities referred to psychological clinics in Tehran during the 2020-2021 academic year. The participants were randomly assigned to the neurofeedback experimental group (n = 20) or the control group (n = 20). Three students from each group withdrew from the study, leaving 17 participants for the final analysis. Attention and working memory were assessed using the n-back task, Stroop test, and Reverse Stroop test. Data analysis involved mixed repeated ANOVA, independent t-tests, and chi-square tests. The findings revealed that alpha/theta neurofeedback rehabilitation improved all aspects of working memory and attention in female students with learning disabilities during the specified period. These improvements remained consistent during the two-month follow-up (p < 0.001). This study demonstrated that alpha/theta neurofeedback rehabilitation can potentially enhance the attention and working memory of female students with learning disabilities.","PeriodicalId":507111,"journal":{"name":"OBM Neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141702781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oleuropein can Protect the Brain Against Deleterious Effects of Bile Duct Ligation in Male Mice","authors":"Faezeh Kouhakan, Sepideh Ganjalikhan, Alireza Sarhadizadeh, K. Esmaeilpour, Khatereh Akbari, Leila Jafaripour, Majid Asadi-Shekaari","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402218","url":null,"abstract":"Oleuropein (OP) is a phenolic compound in olives. OP possesses potent antioxidant activity and an extensive spectrum of other pharmacological properties, including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. This study investigated the effects of OP on neural injuries caused by bile duct ligation (BDL) in male mice. The mice were randomly allocated to three groups: sham, BDL, and BDL + OP. Neurobehavioral tests histological and biochemical evaluations were accomplished to assess cerebral damage. The results demonstrated that the induction of BDL led to behavioral impairments and a rise in hepatic enzymes, and OP could protect the brain against BDL-induced injuries. OP significantly increased antioxidant enzymes. These results suggested that OP has valuable effects in the mice BDL model, probably due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.","PeriodicalId":507111,"journal":{"name":"OBM Neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140671537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compassionate Love for a Romantic Partner among Brazilian College Students","authors":"Félix Neto, Joana Neto","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402217","url":null,"abstract":"Compassionate love (CL) is a recent subject of close relationships. CL is focused on enlarging beneficence to another. The present study approaches the test of the psychometric characteristics of the shortened form of the Compassionate Love Scale for a partner (CLS-P-SF) for Brazilian college students and its relationships with background and well-being variables. The sample included 217 young adults, 46.1% women and 53.9% men. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the single latent factor of the CLS-P-SF is good and has satisfactory reliability. Subsequent analysis indicated that religious involvement and love status impacted the CLS-P-SF scores. CLS-P-SF scores were significantly related to the measurement of eros and agape love styles, commitment, life satisfaction, love satisfaction, and romantic loneliness. Satisfaction with love life mediated the relationship of CL for a partner and romantic loneliness. Current findings give an insight into the mechanism underlying the relation of CL with romantic loneliness.","PeriodicalId":507111,"journal":{"name":"OBM Neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140711070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitudes and Motivations Towards Implantation of Intention Towards Exercise among Entrepreneurs: A Brain Freshness Activity","authors":"Mohammed A. Al Doghan, N. A. A. Abdelwahed, B. Soomro","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402216","url":null,"abstract":"In the contemporary landscape, developing individuals' attitudes, motivations, and intentions toward exercise and physical activities emerges as an imperative cornerstone for fostering a healthy and thriving lifestyle. The present study examines the effect of the theory of the planned behavior (TPB) constructs on exercise motivation (MT) and intention towards exercise (ITWE) among Egyptian entrepreneurs. The study employed a quantitative approach and collected cross-sectional responses from entrepreneurs through a survey questionnaire. The study utilized 305 valid samples to conclude the findings. Using PLS-SEM, the study found a positive significant effect of attitude (β = 0.782; p < 0.01) and subjective norms (SN) on MT (H2 = β = 0.268; p < 0.01). The effect of perceived behavioural control (PBC) is negative on MT (β = -0.025; p > 0.01). Besides, the MT factor positively and significantly impacted ITWE (β = 0.906; p < 0.01). Concerning mediating effects, the MT mediates the relationship between attitude (β = 0.709; p < 0.01) and SN (β = 0.243; p < 0.01), except for PBC (β = -0.023; p > 0.01). The study's outcomes carry significant implications for policymakers and health practitioners, providing them with a robust foundation for prioritizing MT and ITWE as pivotal components in enhancing the overall well-being of individuals, particularly within the entrepreneurial community. By doing so, policymakers and health practitioners can contribute to creating a healthier and more resilient society, aligning with the broader goal of public health improvement.","PeriodicalId":507111,"journal":{"name":"OBM Neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140717034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Cognition in Balance Control","authors":"Nazrien M.D Nazrien, Novitri Novitri, Tertiano Prabowo, Farida Arisanti","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401211","url":null,"abstract":"Balance is the ability to move and/or preserve a particular position while not falling under external force. Human balance is a complex process of integration and coordination of the sensory, motor, and biomechanical components, which is influenced by intrinsic and exogenous factors. One inherent factor that is hypothesized to have an impact on balance is cognition. However, studies about cognition's role in balance control are still limited, and study literature is needed to gain a better understanding. Cognition is involved in various thinking processes. Attention, memory, visuospatial, and executive functions are among the cognitive areas integrated with information processing in the processing of information, followed by a reaction that aims to preserve body balance and prevent falls. Cognition limitation has been linked to decreased function associated with gait alterations, mobility limitation, and increased risk of falling. Cognitive function impairments such as executive function (EF) limitations are thought to increase the risk of losing. Injury to the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum can also affect the cognitive function in balance. The role of cognition in maintaining physical balance is critical. Deficits in cognitive function caused by diseases or injuries will impact bodily balance control.","PeriodicalId":507111,"journal":{"name":"OBM Neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139960270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association between Uric Acid Level and Ischemic Stroke","authors":"Yang Xu, E. H. Wong, Bin Nordin Rusli, Kareem Meera Mohaideen Abdul, Samraj Prakash Earnest Benjamin, Yin How Wong","doi":"10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2401209","url":null,"abstract":"Stroke is the second and third leading cause of death and disability, respectively, all over the world. It seriously affects patients' lives and brings huge burdens to their families. Ischemic stroke accounts for most of the stroke cases. In the absence of any effective treatment, prevention measures through controlling the risk factors for ischemic stroke become crucial. While uric acid has been reported as an essential risk factor for ischemic stroke, researchers hold inconsistent views regarding the specific association between uric acid and ischemic stroke. By summarizing the association between uric acid levels and ischemic stroke, this article can guide researchers to quickly and comprehensively understand the relationship between uric acid and ischemic stroke and develop further studies for its exploration.","PeriodicalId":507111,"journal":{"name":"OBM Neurobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139620351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}