{"title":"Plasma density enhancement effect in radio-frequency hollow electrode discharge","authors":"Liuliang He, Feng He, J. Ouyang","doi":"10.1088/2058-6272/ad273b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/ad273b","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The plasma density enhancement outside hollow electrodes in capacitively coupled radio-frequency (RF) discharges is investigated by a two-dimensional (2D) particle-in-cell/Monte-Carlo collision (PIC/MCC) model. Results show that the existence of plasma inside the cavity at the hollow electrode sheath fully collapsed phase is an essential condition for the plasma density enhancement outside hollow electrodes. In addition, the existence of the electron density peak at the orifice generated via the hollow cathode effect (HCE), which plays an important role in the density enhancement. It is also found that the radial plasma bulk width at the orifice affects the magnitude of the density enhancement, and narrow radial plasma bulk width at the orifice is not beneficial to obtain high-density plasma outside hollow electrodes. Higher electron density at the orifice, combined with larger radial plasma bulk width at the orifice, causes higher electron density outside hollow electrodes. The results also imply that the HCE strength inside the cavity cannot be determined by the magnitude of the electron density outside hollow electrodes.","PeriodicalId":506986,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Science and Technology","volume":"83 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139855287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chengcheng Deng, Zixi Liu, Tianyang Xia, Yanjun Liu, Pengcheng Li, F. Long, Xiang Gao, Shouxin Wang, Guoqiang Li, Haiqing Liu, Qing Zang, Jiuying Li, Xiaoyu Yin, Kangning Yang, A. Liu, Jinlin Xie, Tao Lan, Hong Li, W. Mao, Chu Zhou, Zhuang Ge, Weixing Ding, Wandong Liu
{"title":"Comparison of transport coefficients before and after density pump-out induced by resonant magnetic perturbation using a BOUT++ six-field model on the EAST tokamak","authors":"Chengcheng Deng, Zixi Liu, Tianyang Xia, Yanjun Liu, Pengcheng Li, F. Long, Xiang Gao, Shouxin Wang, Guoqiang Li, Haiqing Liu, Qing Zang, Jiuying Li, Xiaoyu Yin, Kangning Yang, A. Liu, Jinlin Xie, Tao Lan, Hong Li, W. Mao, Chu Zhou, Zhuang Ge, Weixing Ding, Wandong Liu","doi":"10.1088/2058-6272/ad273c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/ad273c","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Many experiments have demonstrated that resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) can affect the turbulent transport at the edge of the tokamak. Through the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) density modulation experiment by SMBI, the particle transport coefficients were calculated using the experimental data, and the result shows that the particle transport coefficients increase with RMP. In this paper, the six-field two-fluid model in BOUT++ is used to simulate the transport before and after density pump-out induced by RMP, respectively referred as the case without RMP and the case with RMP. In the linear simulations, the instabilities generally decreases for cases with RMP.In the nonlinear simulation, ELM only appears in the case without RMP. Additionally, the particle transport coefficient was analyzed, and the result shows that the particle transport coefficient becomes larger for the case with RMP, which is consistent with the experimental conclusion. Moreover, its magnitude is comparable to the results calculated from experimental data.","PeriodicalId":506986,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Science and Technology","volume":"61 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139854807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Plasma density enhancement effect in radio-frequency hollow electrode discharge","authors":"Liuliang He, Feng He, J. Ouyang","doi":"10.1088/2058-6272/ad273b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/ad273b","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The plasma density enhancement outside hollow electrodes in capacitively coupled radio-frequency (RF) discharges is investigated by a two-dimensional (2D) particle-in-cell/Monte-Carlo collision (PIC/MCC) model. Results show that the existence of plasma inside the cavity at the hollow electrode sheath fully collapsed phase is an essential condition for the plasma density enhancement outside hollow electrodes. In addition, the existence of the electron density peak at the orifice generated via the hollow cathode effect (HCE), which plays an important role in the density enhancement. It is also found that the radial plasma bulk width at the orifice affects the magnitude of the density enhancement, and narrow radial plasma bulk width at the orifice is not beneficial to obtain high-density plasma outside hollow electrodes. Higher electron density at the orifice, combined with larger radial plasma bulk width at the orifice, causes higher electron density outside hollow electrodes. The results also imply that the HCE strength inside the cavity cannot be determined by the magnitude of the electron density outside hollow electrodes.","PeriodicalId":506986,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Science and Technology","volume":"19 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139795521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chengcheng Deng, Zixi Liu, Tianyang Xia, Yanjun Liu, Pengcheng Li, F. Long, Xiang Gao, Shouxin Wang, Guoqiang Li, Haiqing Liu, Qing Zang, Jiuying Li, Xiaoyu Yin, Kangning Yang, A. Liu, Jinlin Xie, Tao Lan, Hong Li, W. Mao, Chu Zhou, Zhuang Ge, Weixing Ding, Wandong Liu
{"title":"Comparison of transport coefficients before and after density pump-out induced by resonant magnetic perturbation using a BOUT++ six-field model on the EAST tokamak","authors":"Chengcheng Deng, Zixi Liu, Tianyang Xia, Yanjun Liu, Pengcheng Li, F. Long, Xiang Gao, Shouxin Wang, Guoqiang Li, Haiqing Liu, Qing Zang, Jiuying Li, Xiaoyu Yin, Kangning Yang, A. Liu, Jinlin Xie, Tao Lan, Hong Li, W. Mao, Chu Zhou, Zhuang Ge, Weixing Ding, Wandong Liu","doi":"10.1088/2058-6272/ad273c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/ad273c","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Many experiments have demonstrated that resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) can affect the turbulent transport at the edge of the tokamak. Through the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) density modulation experiment by SMBI, the particle transport coefficients were calculated using the experimental data, and the result shows that the particle transport coefficients increase with RMP. In this paper, the six-field two-fluid model in BOUT++ is used to simulate the transport before and after density pump-out induced by RMP, respectively referred as the case without RMP and the case with RMP. In the linear simulations, the instabilities generally decreases for cases with RMP.In the nonlinear simulation, ELM only appears in the case without RMP. Additionally, the particle transport coefficient was analyzed, and the result shows that the particle transport coefficient becomes larger for the case with RMP, which is consistent with the experimental conclusion. Moreover, its magnitude is comparable to the results calculated from experimental data.","PeriodicalId":506986,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Science and Technology","volume":"1 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139794947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Physical design and recent experimental results of the new ICRF antenna on EAST","authors":"Hua Yang, Xinjun Zhang, Shuai Yuan, Chengming Qin, Wei Zhang, Guillaume Urbanczyk, Jinping Qian, Lunan Liu, Gaoxiang Wang, Qingqing Chen","doi":"10.1088/2058-6272/ad273d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/ad273d","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Two new ICRF antennas operating in the ion cyclotron radio frequency (ICRF) range have been developed for EAST to overcome the low coupling problem of the original antennas. The original ICRF antennas were limited in their power capacity due to insufficient coupling. The new antenna design takes into account both wave coupling and absorption processes through comprehensive wave coupling and absorption codes, with the dominant parallel wave number k_∥ of 7.5 m-1 at dipole phasing. Through the use of these new ICRF antennas, we are able to achieve 3.8 MW output power and 360 second operation, respectively. The initial experimental results demonstrate the reliability of the antenna design method.","PeriodicalId":506986,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Science and Technology","volume":"43 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139797100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Physical design and recent experimental results of the new ICRF antenna on EAST","authors":"Hua Yang, Xinjun Zhang, Shuai Yuan, Chengming Qin, Wei Zhang, Guillaume Urbanczyk, Jinping Qian, Lunan Liu, Gaoxiang Wang, Qingqing Chen","doi":"10.1088/2058-6272/ad273d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/ad273d","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Two new ICRF antennas operating in the ion cyclotron radio frequency (ICRF) range have been developed for EAST to overcome the low coupling problem of the original antennas. The original ICRF antennas were limited in their power capacity due to insufficient coupling. The new antenna design takes into account both wave coupling and absorption processes through comprehensive wave coupling and absorption codes, with the dominant parallel wave number k_∥ of 7.5 m-1 at dipole phasing. Through the use of these new ICRF antennas, we are able to achieve 3.8 MW output power and 360 second operation, respectively. The initial experimental results demonstrate the reliability of the antenna design method.","PeriodicalId":506986,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Science and Technology","volume":"21 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139856876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. han, Dui-xiong Sun, Guoding Zhang, Guanghui Dong, Xiaona Cui, Jincheng Shen, Haoliang Wang, Denghong Zhang, Chenzhong Dong, M. Su
{"title":"Accurate method based on data filtering for quantitative multi-element analysis of soils using CF-LIBS","authors":"W. han, Dui-xiong Sun, Guoding Zhang, Guanghui Dong, Xiaona Cui, Jincheng Shen, Haoliang Wang, Denghong Zhang, Chenzhong Dong, M. Su","doi":"10.1088/2058-6272/ad2670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/ad2670","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 To obtain more stable spectral data for accurate quantitative analysis of multi-element, especially for the large-area in-situ elements detection of soils, we propose a method for a multi-element quantitative analysis of soils using calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) based on data filtering. In this study, we analyze a standard soil sample doped with two heavy metal elements, Cu and Cd, with a specific focus on the line of Cu I 324.75 nm for filtering the experimental data of multiple sample sets. Pre- and post- data filtering, the relative standard deviation for Cu decreased from 30% to 10%, The limits of detection (LOD) values for Cu and Cd decreased by 5% and 4%, respectively. Through CF-LIBS, a quantitative analysis was conducted to determine the relative content of elements in soils. Using Cu as a reference, the concentration of Cd was accurately calculated. The results show that post- data filtering, the average relative error of the Cd decreases from 11% to 5%, indicating the effectiveness of data filtering in improving the accuracy of quantitative analysis. Moreover, the content of Si, Fe and other elements can be accurately calculated using this method. To further correct the calculation, the results for Cd was used to provide a more precise calculation. This approach is of great importance for the large-area in-situ heavy metals and trace elements detection in soil, as well as for rapid and accurate quantitative analysis.","PeriodicalId":506986,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Science and Technology","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139802717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. han, Dui-xiong Sun, Guoding Zhang, Guanghui Dong, Xiaona Cui, Jincheng Shen, Haoliang Wang, Denghong Zhang, Chenzhong Dong, M. Su
{"title":"Accurate method based on data filtering for quantitative multi-element analysis of soils using CF-LIBS","authors":"W. han, Dui-xiong Sun, Guoding Zhang, Guanghui Dong, Xiaona Cui, Jincheng Shen, Haoliang Wang, Denghong Zhang, Chenzhong Dong, M. Su","doi":"10.1088/2058-6272/ad2670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/ad2670","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 To obtain more stable spectral data for accurate quantitative analysis of multi-element, especially for the large-area in-situ elements detection of soils, we propose a method for a multi-element quantitative analysis of soils using calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) based on data filtering. In this study, we analyze a standard soil sample doped with two heavy metal elements, Cu and Cd, with a specific focus on the line of Cu I 324.75 nm for filtering the experimental data of multiple sample sets. Pre- and post- data filtering, the relative standard deviation for Cu decreased from 30% to 10%, The limits of detection (LOD) values for Cu and Cd decreased by 5% and 4%, respectively. Through CF-LIBS, a quantitative analysis was conducted to determine the relative content of elements in soils. Using Cu as a reference, the concentration of Cd was accurately calculated. The results show that post- data filtering, the average relative error of the Cd decreases from 11% to 5%, indicating the effectiveness of data filtering in improving the accuracy of quantitative analysis. Moreover, the content of Si, Fe and other elements can be accurately calculated using this method. To further correct the calculation, the results for Cd was used to provide a more precise calculation. This approach is of great importance for the large-area in-situ heavy metals and trace elements detection in soil, as well as for rapid and accurate quantitative analysis.","PeriodicalId":506986,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Science and Technology","volume":"192 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139862590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liang Liu, Deliang Yu, Qian Ma, Xiaofei He, Maarten De Bock, M. von Hellermann, Michael Walsh, Wenjin Chen, Xiaoxue He, Yanling Wei, Neng Zhang, Huiling Wei
{"title":"The tri-band high spectral resolution spectrometer with gratings in tandem for the charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy diagnostic system on HL-2A tokamak","authors":"Liang Liu, Deliang Yu, Qian Ma, Xiaofei He, Maarten De Bock, M. von Hellermann, Michael Walsh, Wenjin Chen, Xiaoxue He, Yanling Wei, Neng Zhang, Huiling Wei","doi":"10.1088/2058-6272/ad24f5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/ad24f5","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Charge-exchange (CX) recombination spectroscopy is a powerful tool monitoring ion temperature and plasma rotation with good temporal and spatial resolutions. A compact, new design for a high-throughput, tri-band high spectral resolution spectrometer has been developed for the charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy measurement on the HL-2A tokamak. The simultaneous measurements of He II (468.57 nm), C VI (529.1 nm), and Dα (656.1 nm accompanied by beam emission spectra) with an acquisition frequency up to 400 Hz are achieved by vertically binning the spectrum from each fiber in experiments. Initial results indicate that the system can provide radial profiles not only of ion temperature and rotation velocity, but also concentration of carbon. For the case of helium, the measurements for the ion temperature and rotation velocity are straightforward but the apparent concentration associated with the observed CX intensity is obviously too high. Modeling of the active He II CX feature including plume contributions needs to be carried out to extract the true helium concentration. The spectrometer could become a prototype for the ITER charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy diagnostic and the pilot experiments, as presented here, demonstrate the possibility of impurity concentrations measurements based on the combined measurement of local beam emission and charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy spectra.","PeriodicalId":506986,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Science and Technology","volume":"55 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139813868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liang Liu, Deliang Yu, Qian Ma, Xiaofei He, Maarten De Bock, M. von Hellermann, Michael Walsh, Wenjin Chen, Xiaoxue He, Yanling Wei, Neng Zhang, Huiling Wei
{"title":"The tri-band high spectral resolution spectrometer with gratings in tandem for the charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy diagnostic system on HL-2A tokamak","authors":"Liang Liu, Deliang Yu, Qian Ma, Xiaofei He, Maarten De Bock, M. von Hellermann, Michael Walsh, Wenjin Chen, Xiaoxue He, Yanling Wei, Neng Zhang, Huiling Wei","doi":"10.1088/2058-6272/ad24f5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/ad24f5","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Charge-exchange (CX) recombination spectroscopy is a powerful tool monitoring ion temperature and plasma rotation with good temporal and spatial resolutions. A compact, new design for a high-throughput, tri-band high spectral resolution spectrometer has been developed for the charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy measurement on the HL-2A tokamak. The simultaneous measurements of He II (468.57 nm), C VI (529.1 nm), and Dα (656.1 nm accompanied by beam emission spectra) with an acquisition frequency up to 400 Hz are achieved by vertically binning the spectrum from each fiber in experiments. Initial results indicate that the system can provide radial profiles not only of ion temperature and rotation velocity, but also concentration of carbon. For the case of helium, the measurements for the ion temperature and rotation velocity are straightforward but the apparent concentration associated with the observed CX intensity is obviously too high. Modeling of the active He II CX feature including plume contributions needs to be carried out to extract the true helium concentration. The spectrometer could become a prototype for the ITER charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy diagnostic and the pilot experiments, as presented here, demonstrate the possibility of impurity concentrations measurements based on the combined measurement of local beam emission and charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy spectra.","PeriodicalId":506986,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Science and Technology","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139873543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}