Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada最新文献_第4页

Modelling preventive effectiveness to estimate the equity tipping point: at what coverage can individual preventive interventions reduce socioeconomic disparities in diabetes risk? 建立预防有效性模型以估计公平临界点:个体预防干预在多大范围内可以减少糖尿病风险的社会经济差异?

Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.24095/HPCDP.34.2/3.04

Douglas G. Manuel, T. Ho, Sam Harper, Geoff Anderson, John Lynch, John Lynch, L. Rosella

{"title":"Modelling preventive effectiveness to estimate the equity tipping point: at what coverage can individual preventive interventions reduce socioeconomic disparities in diabetes risk?","authors":"Douglas G. Manuel, T. Ho, Sam Harper, Geoff Anderson, John Lynch, John Lynch, L. Rosella","doi":"10.24095/HPCDP.34.2/3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24095/HPCDP.34.2/3.04","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000Most individual preventive therapies potentially narrow or widen health disparities depending on the difference in community effectiveness across socioeconomic position (SEP). The equity tipping point (defined as the point at which health disparities become larger) can be calculated by varying components of community effectiveness such as baseline risk of disease, intervention coverage and/or intervention efficacy across SEP.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000We used a simple modelling approach to estimate the community effectiveness of diabetes prevention across SEP in Canada under different scenarios of intervention coverage.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Five-year baseline diabetes risk differed between the lowest and highest income groups by 1.76%. Assuming complete coverage across all income groups, the difference was reduced to 0.90% (144 000 cases prevented) with lifestyle interventions and 1.24% (88 100 cases prevented) with pharmacotherapy. The equity tipping point was estimated to be a coverage difference of 30% for preventive interventions (100% and 70% coverage among the highest and lowest income earners, respectively).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Disparities in diabetes risk could be measurably reduced if existing interventions were equally adopted across SEP. However, disparities in coverage could lead to increased inequity in risk. Simple modelling approaches can be used to examine the community effectiveness of individual preventive interventions and their potential to reduce (or increase) disparities. The equity tipping point can be used as a critical threshold for disparities analyses.","PeriodicalId":50696,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada","volume":"1 1","pages":"94-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79833082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Are experimental smokers different from their never-smoking classmates? A multilevel analysis of Canadian youth in grades 9 to 12. 实验吸烟者与从不吸烟的同学有什么不同吗?加拿大九至十二年级青少年的多层次分析。

Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.24095/HPCDP.34.2/3.07

Susan C. Kaai, Stephen R. Manske, S. Leatherdale, K. Brown, D. Murnaghan

{"title":"Are experimental smokers different from their never-smoking classmates? A multilevel analysis of Canadian youth in grades 9 to 12.","authors":"Susan C. Kaai, Stephen R. Manske, S. Leatherdale, K. Brown, D. Murnaghan","doi":"10.24095/HPCDP.34.2/3.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24095/HPCDP.34.2/3.07","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000Understanding the characteristics of experimental smoking among youth is critical for designing prevention programs. This study examined which student- and school-level factors differentiated experimental smokers from never smokers in a nationally representative sample of Canadian students in grades 9 to 12.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000School-level data from the 2006 Canadian Census and one built environment characteristic (tobacco retailer density) were linked with data from secondary school students from the 2008-2009 Canadian Youth Smoking Survey and examined using multilevel logistic regression analyses.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Experimental smoking rates varied across schools (p < .001). The location (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.49-0.89) of the school (urban vs. rural) was associated with the odds of a student being an experimental smoker versus a never smoker when adjusting for student characteristics. Students were more likely to be experimental smokers if they were in a lower grade, reported low school connectedness, used alcohol or marijuana, believed that smoking can help people relax, received pocket money each week and had a family member or close friend who smoked cigarettes.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000School-based tobacco prevention programs need to be grade-sensitive and comprehensive in scope; include strategies that can increase students' attachment to their school; and address multi-substance use, tobacco-related beliefs and the use of pocket money. These programs should also reach out to students who have smoking friends and family members. Schools located in rural settings may require additional resources.","PeriodicalId":50696,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada","volume":"4 1","pages":"121-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87013027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Short communication. The role of animal-sourced insulin in the treatment of type 1 diabetes and its availability. 简短的沟通。动物源胰岛素在1型糖尿病治疗中的作用及其可得性。

Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.24095/HPCDP.34.2/3.12

A. Klein, E. Taylor, C. Légaré, D. Vu, E. Griffiths

引用次数: 2

Intentional injury hospitalizations in geographical areas with a high percentage of Aboriginal-identity residents, 2004/2005 to 2009/2010. 2004/2005年至2009/2010年土著居民比例高的地理区域的故意伤害住院情况。

Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.24095/HPCDP.34.2/3.03

Lisa N. Oliver, Philippe Finès, Évelyne Bougie, D. Kohen

{"title":"Intentional injury hospitalizations in geographical areas with a high percentage of Aboriginal-identity residents, 2004/2005 to 2009/2010.","authors":"Lisa N. Oliver, Philippe Finès, Évelyne Bougie, D. Kohen","doi":"10.24095/HPCDP.34.2/3.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24095/HPCDP.34.2/3.03","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000This study describes rates of self-inflicted and assault-related injury hospitalizations in areas with a relatively high percentage of residents identifying as First Nations, Métis and Inuit, by injury cause, age group and sex.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000All separation records from acute in-patient hospitals for Canadian provinces and territories excluding Quebec were obtained from the Discharge Abstract Database. Dissemination areas with more than 33% of residents reporting an Aboriginal identity in the 2006 Census were categorized as high-percentage Aboriginal-identity areas.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Overall, in high-percentage Aboriginal-identity areas, age-standardized hospitalization rates (ASHRs) for self-inflicted injuries were higher among females, while ASHRs for assault-related injuries were higher among males. Residents of high-percentage Aboriginal-identity areas were at least three times more likely to be hospitalized due to a self-inflicted injury and at least five times more likely to be hospitalized due to an assault-related injury compared with those living in low-percentage Aboriginal-identity areas.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Future research should examine co-morbidities, socio-economic conditions and individual risk behaviours as factors associated with intentional injury hospitalizations.","PeriodicalId":50696,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada","volume":"43 1","pages":"82-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77194301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Editorial. Bicycle injuries and injury prevention. 社论。自行车伤害与伤害预防。

Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.24095/HPCDP.34.2/3.01

I. Pless

引用次数: 1

Letter to the editor. Canadian tritium study misleading to the public. 给编辑的信。加拿大的氚研究误导公众。

Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.24095/HPCDP.34.2/3.14

C. Vakil, Linda Harvey

引用次数: 0

A comprehensive profile of the sociodemographic, psychosocial and health characteristics of Ontario home care clients with dementia. 安大略省老年痴呆症家庭护理客户的社会人口、心理社会和健康特征的综合概况。

Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.24095/HPCDP.34.2/3.08

M. Vu, D. Hogan, S. Patten, N. Jetté, S. Bronskill, G. Heckman, M. Kergoat, J. Hirdes, X. Chen, M. Zehr, C. Maxwell

{"title":"A comprehensive profile of the sociodemographic, psychosocial and health characteristics of Ontario home care clients with dementia.","authors":"M. Vu, D. Hogan, S. Patten, N. Jetté, S. Bronskill, G. Heckman, M. Kergoat, J. Hirdes, X. Chen, M. Zehr, C. Maxwell","doi":"10.24095/HPCDP.34.2/3.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24095/HPCDP.34.2/3.08","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000This study provides a comprehensive summary of the sociodemographic, psychosocial and health characteristics of a large population-based cohort of Ontario home care clients (aged 50 years and over) with dementia and examines the variation in these characteristics in those with co-existing neurological conditions.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Clients were assessed with the Resident Assessment Instrument-Home Care (RAI-HC) between January 2003 and December 2010. Descriptive analyses examined the distribution of these characteristics among clients with dementia relative to several comparison groups, as well as clients with other recorded neurological conditions.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Approximately 22% of clients (n=104 802) had a diagnosis of dementia (average age 83 years, 64% female) and about one in four within this group had a co-existing neurological condition (most commonly stroke or Parkinson disease). About 43% of those with dementia did not live with their primary caregiver. Relative to several comparison groups, clients with dementia showed considerably higher levels of cognitive and functional impairment, aggression, anxiety, wandering, hallucinations/delusions, caregiver distress and a greater risk for institutionalization. Conversely, they showed a lower prevalence of several chronic conditions and lower levels of recent health service use. Depressive symptoms were relatively common in the dementia and other neurological groups.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Clients with co-existing neurological conditions exhibited unique clinical profiles illustrating the need for tailored and flexible home care services and enhanced caregiver assistance programs.","PeriodicalId":50696,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada","volume":"94 1","pages":"132-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80359472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Report summary. Seniors' Falls in Canada: Second Report: key highlights. 报告总结。加拿大老年人摔倒:第二份报告:主要亮点。

Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.24095/HPCDP.34.2/3.13

A. Stinchcombe, N. Kuran, S. Powell

引用次数: 48

Book review - Community-based Prevention: Reducing the Risk of Cancer and Chronic Disease 书评-以社区为基础的预防:减少癌症和慢性疾病的风险

Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada Pub Date : 2014-02-01 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.34.1.10

D. Rao

引用次数: 0

Coroners' records on suicide mortality in Montréal: limitations and implications in suicide prevention strategies. 验尸官在montracimal的自杀死亡率记录:自杀预防策略的局限性和意义。

Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada Pub Date : 2014-02-01 DOI: 10.24095/HPCDP.34.1.04

J. Houle, C. Guillou-Ouellette

{"title":"Coroners' records on suicide mortality in Montréal: limitations and implications in suicide prevention strategies.","authors":"J. Houle, C. Guillou-Ouellette","doi":"10.24095/HPCDP.34.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24095/HPCDP.34.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000In Montréal, the characteristics of suicide cases may vary between different areas. The information collected by coroners during their investigations of suicides could be used to support local suicide-prevention planning actions.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000This study analyzes all coroners' records on suicide in Montréal from 2007 to 2009 to (1) determine the usefulness of the data available; (2) develop a profile of cases; (3) examine local differences by comparing two areas, one with the highest suicide rate and the other with the lowest.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The data collected revealed the lack of a systematic, standardized procedure for recording information about deaths by suicide. The rates of missing data varied, but were very high for antecedents of suicide attempts and recent events that could have precipitated the suicide. We observed differences in the characteristics of suicide cases according to area of residence.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000By adopting a standardized procedure for collecting information on cases of suicide, coroners could provide local decision makers with a more accurate portrait of the people who die by suicide in their area. Local adjustments may improve suicide prevention strategies.","PeriodicalId":50696,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada","volume":"11 1","pages":"23-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87811792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9