Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada最新文献

{"title":"Roll-your-own tobacco use among Canadian youth: current prevalence and changes in youth smoking \"rollies\" since 2008.","authors":"A. Cole, S. Leatherdale, V. Rynard","doi":"10.24095/HPCDP.34.4.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24095/HPCDP.34.4.10","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000Roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes, or \"rollies,\" represent an affordable alternative to manufactured cigarettes, especially among youth with a lower disposable income. This study characterizes changes in the prevalence of RYO tobacco current use between 2008 and 2010 in Canadian youth and examines the sociodemographic characteristics associated with RYO use in 2010.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000This study uses representative data collected from grade 9 to 12 students as part of the 2008/2009 and 2010/2011 cycles of the Canadian Youth Smoking Survey (YSS).\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Among current smokers, 30.5% currently use RYO cigarettes. Youth with a disposable income of more than $100 each week were less likely to be current RYO users (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.34-0.71). Current RYO tobacco users were more likely to be current alcohol users (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.09-3.72) or marijuana users (OR = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.73-4.01).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000RYO cigarettes continue to provide an affordable alternative to youth smokers. Targeted school-based prevention programs that address the use of RYO cigarettes may offer additional reductions to the use of RYO cigarettes.","PeriodicalId":50696,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada","volume":"25 1","pages":"263-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79125180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agreement between survey data and Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec (RAMQ) data with respect to the diagnosis of asthma and medical services use for asthma in children.","authors":"C Plante,&nbsp;S Goudreau,&nbsp;L Jacques,&nbsp;F Tessier","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The goal of this study was to assess the agreement between the results of a respiratory health survey conducted in Montréal on children aged 6 months to 12 years and the Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec (RAMQ, Quebec health insurance board) database in terms of the diagnosis of asthma and medical services use. A secondary aim was to evaluate the effect of the survey method used (Internet-based survey or telephone survey).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed whether a diagnosis of asthma was made for 7922 children. In addition, we compared the use of medical services for asthma (emergency department visits and hospitalizations) in the 12 months preceding the survey for the 402 children considered to have asthma, using 2 groups of respiratory diagnoses and 2 data linkage periods. The agreement between the 2 data sources was evaluated using the kappa statistic (κ) and sensitivity and specificity, as well as percentages of agreement, overreporting and under-reporting with respect to health services use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Moderate agreement was found between the 2 data sources (survey and RAMQ data) in terms of the diagnosis of asthma (κ = 0.54 and κ = 0.60 depending on the definition used). Specificity was high (93% and 96%), but sensitivity varied (50% and 65%). Respondents over-reported health services use, resulting in moderate kappa values (0.49 for emergency department visits and 0.48 for hospitalizations). However, when more diagnoses were included in the definition and when the linkage period was extended (15 rather than 12 months), the kappa values increased (0.59 for emergency department visits and 0.64 for hospitalizations) and sensitivity and specificity were high. Slightly higher agreement was obtained for the Internet-based survey relative to the telephone survey.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings validate the use of survey data with respect to the diagnosis of pediatric asthma and major health services use for this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":50696,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada","volume":"34 4","pages":"256-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32823982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awakening professionals' critical awareness of health literacy issues within a francophone linguistic-minority population in Ontario.","authors":"M. Zanchetta, C. Maheu, C. Fontaine, L. Salvador-Watts, N. Wong","doi":"10.24095/HPCDP.34.4.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24095/HPCDP.34.4.07","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000We carried out a qualitative evaluation of immediate learning and attitudinal change among health care and social services professionals who attended a workshop promoting critical reflection about health literacy among linguistic-minority Franco-Ontarians.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000The study involved 41 francophone health care and social services professionals. The workshop facilitator used evocative objects to elicit reflection on health literacy. Data sources were audio-recordings of group discussions and feedback forms completed by participants.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The study found that the workshop awakened participants' awareness of health literacy and stimulated them to promote health literacy in their professional practice. The workshop also broadened participants' vision of health literacy as a social determinant of health that interacts synergistically with culture, age, immigration status, social support, and socioeconomic status.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Professionals expressed their awakened awareness of health literacy as collective accountability. This corroborates our claim that critical pedagogy applied to in-service education effectively stimulates professionals' awareness of their potential to change their practice and work environment.","PeriodicalId":50696,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada","volume":"22 1","pages":"236-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75105560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic disease and chronic disease risk factors among First Nations, Inuit and Métis populations of northern Canada.","authors":"S G Bruce,&nbsp;N D Riediger,&nbsp;L M Lix","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Aboriginal populations in northern Canada are experiencing rapid changes in their environments, which may negatively impact on health status. The purpose of our study was to compare chronic conditions and risk factors in northern Aboriginal populations, including First Nations (FN), Inuit and Métis populations, and northern non-Aboriginal populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were from the Canadian Community Health Survey for the period from 2005 to 2008. Weighted multiple logistic regression models tested the association between ethnic groups and health outcomes. Model covariates were age, sex, territory of residence, education and income. Odds ratios (ORs) are reported and a bootstrap method calculated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and p values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Odds of having at least one chronic condition was significantly lower for the Inuit (OR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.43-0.81) than for non-Aboriginal population, but similar among FN, Métis and non-Aboriginal populations. Prevalence of many risk factors was significantly different for Inuit, FN and Métis populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Aboriginal populations in Canada's north have heterogeneous health status. Continued chronic disease and risk factor surveillance will be important to monitor changes over time and to evaluate the impact of public health interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50696,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada","volume":"34 4","pages":"210-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32823977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor--long-term analysis of cancer incidence, mortality and survival trends in Canada.","authors":"E Banchani","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50696,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada","volume":"34 4","pages":"270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32823984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authors' response.","authors":"P De,&nbsp;L Kachuri,&nbsp;L F Ellison,&nbsp;R Semenciw","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50696,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada","volume":"34 4","pages":"271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32823985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health inequalities associated with neighbourhood deprivation in the Quebec population with hypertension in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.","authors":"A Vanasse,&nbsp;J Courteau,&nbsp;S Asghari,&nbsp;D Leroux,&nbsp;L Cloutier","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although a number of studies look at prevalence, incidence, treatment, mortality and morbidity in relation to hypertension, few have taken into account the effect of residential neighbourhood on these health indicators in the population diagnosed with hypertension.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to measure and compare prevalence, mortality, morbidity, use of medical resources and treatments in relation to the level of material and social deprivation of the area of residence, in a population with a diagnosis of hypertension in primary prevention for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Quebec in 2006-2007.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is based on a secondary analysis of the medical administrative data of the Quebec health insurance board, the Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec, for a cohort of 276 793 patients aged 30 years or older who had been diagnosed with hypertension in 2006 or 2007, but who did not have a known diagnosis of CVD. The health indicators adjusted for age and sex are prevalence, death, a cardiovascular event, physician visits, emergency department visits and use of antihypertensives. Twenty-five types of areas of residence were obtained by crossing the material and social deprivation quintiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with patients living in materially and socially advantaged areas, those living in deprived areas were at 46% higher risk of a cardiovascular event, 47% higher risk of being frequent emergency department visitors and 31% higher risk of being frequent users of a general practitioner's services, but 25% lower risk of being frequent users of medical specialists' services. Little or no variation was observed in the use of antihypertensives.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reveals the existence, in a CVD primary prevention context, of large variations in a number of health indicators among hypertensive patients owing to the material and social deprivation of residential neighbourhood. It is therefore important to take the socioeconomic context into account when planning interventions to prevent CVDs and their consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":50696,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada","volume":"34 4","pages":"181-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32823571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agreement between survey data and Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec (RAMQ) data with respect to the diagnosis of asthma and medical services use for asthma in children.","authors":"C. Plante, Sophie Goudreau, L. Jacques, François Tessier","doi":"10.24095/hpcdp.34.4.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.34.4.09","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000The goal of this study was to assess the agreement between the results of a respiratory health survey conducted in Montréal on children aged 6 months to 12 years and the Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec (RAMQ, Quebec health insurance board) database in terms of the diagnosis of asthma and medical services use. A secondary aim was to evaluate the effect of the survey method used (Internet-based survey or telephone survey).\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000We assessed whether a diagnosis of asthma was made for 7922 children. In addition, we compared the use of medical services for asthma (emergency department visits and hospitalizations) in the 12 months preceding the survey for the 402 children considered to have asthma, using 2 groups of respiratory diagnoses and 2 data linkage periods. The agreement between the 2 data sources was evaluated using the kappa statistic (κ) and sensitivity and specificity, as well as percentages of agreement, overreporting and under-reporting with respect to health services use.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Moderate agreement was found between the 2 data sources (survey and RAMQ data) in terms of the diagnosis of asthma (κ = 0.54 and κ = 0.60 depending on the definition used). Specificity was high (93% and 96%), but sensitivity varied (50% and 65%). Respondents over-reported health services use, resulting in moderate kappa values (0.49 for emergency department visits and 0.48 for hospitalizations). However, when more diagnoses were included in the definition and when the linkage period was extended (15 rather than 12 months), the kappa values increased (0.59 for emergency department visits and 0.64 for hospitalizations) and sensitivity and specificity were high. Slightly higher agreement was obtained for the Internet-based survey relative to the telephone survey.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000The findings validate the use of survey data with respect to the diagnosis of pediatric asthma and major health services use for this disease.","PeriodicalId":50696,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada","volume":"15 1","pages":"256-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85043913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing injury indicators for First Nations and Inuit children and youth in Canada: a modified Delphi approach.","authors":"I. Pike, R. Mcdonald, S. Piedt, A. Macpherson","doi":"10.24095/HPCDP.34.4.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24095/HPCDP.34.4.03","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000The purpose of this research was to take the initial step in developing valid indicators that reflect the injury issues facing First Nations and Inuit children and youth in Canada.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Using a modified-Delphi process, relevant expert and community stakeholders rated each indicator on its perceived usefulness and ability to prompt action to reduce injury among children and youth in indigenous communities. The Delphi process included 5 phases and resulted in a refined set of 27 indicators.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Indicators related to motorized vehicle collisions, mortality and hospitalization rates were rated the most useful and most likely to prompt action. These were followed by indicators for community injury prevention training and response systems, violent and inflicted injury, burns and falls, and suicide.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000The results suggest that a broad-based modified-Delphi process is a practical and appropriate method, within the OCAP™ (Ownership, Control, Access and Possession) principles, for developing a proposed set of indicators for injury prevention activity focused on First Nations and Inuit children and youth. Following additional work to validate and populate the indicators, it is anticipated that communities will utilize them to monitor injury and prompt decisions and action to reduce injuries among children and youth.","PeriodicalId":50696,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada","volume":"14 1","pages":"203-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82585218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-reported health behaviour change in adults: analysis of the Canadian Community Health Survey 4.1.","authors":"Carol Haberman, P. Brauer, J. Dwyer, M. Edwards","doi":"10.24095/HPCDP.34.4.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24095/HPCDP.34.4.08","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000Knowledge of Canadians' experiences in making health behaviour changes (HBCs) in general, and among those at risk due to body mass index (BMI), would help inform health promotion / disease prevention programs. Selected self reported HBCs in the past 12 months by BMI category were examined in this secondary analysis of the Canadian Community Health Survey 4.1. These HBCs included increased sports/exercise, weight loss and improved eating habits. Barriers to HBC were also examined.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Descriptive analyses and forward stepwise logistic regression were completed on data from respondents 18 years and older. Self-reported BMI was corrected by the method of Connor Gorber et al. (2008).\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Our final sample was n = 111 449. Overall, 58% of respondents had made an HBC, with increased sports/exercise as the most important HBC in 29% of the sample, followed by improved eating habits (10%) and weight loss (7%). Half (51%) experienced barriers to HBC; lack of will power was most commonly cited, followed by work and family responsibilities. Obese respondents reported HBC more frequently than normal-weight respondents (60% vs. 55%), but the prevalence of increased sports/ exercise and improved eating habits was similar across BMI categories. Regression models accounted for only 6%-10% of the total variance.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000That a majority of respondents had made at least one HBC bodes well for positively shifting population health. Additional work to further characterize the population, and to improve on population indicators, is needed to assess the impact of health promotion/disease prevention efforts. These findings provide important first population benchmarks for future work.","PeriodicalId":50696,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada","volume":"17 1","pages":"248-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89902895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}