Comparative Parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Observations on the Occurrence of Knotting Behavior in the Horsehair Worm, Paragordius varius","authors":"Erik Seoane-Scheitermaier, Sydney Dang, M. Barry, J. F. Shea","doi":"10.1654/1525-2647-87.1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1654/1525-2647-87.1.16","url":null,"abstract":"abstract: Horsehair worms, such as Paragordius varius, exhibit knotting behavior that may serve various functions such as water regulation, mate facilitation, and predator avoidance. Previous studies have found knots consisting only of males, suggesting that this behavior may be mediated by an aggregation pheromone. We conducted a quantitative field study to determine the relative number and size of adult P. varius that occur singly and in knots in a creek known to have a large number of adults in September of 2018. We collected 96 horsehair worms; all were male and associated with vegetation. We found significantly more adult male P. varius occurring singly than in knots and found no significant difference in their length or dry weight. Behavioral assays in the lab can help determine the possible presence and function of hairworm aggregation pheromone.","PeriodicalId":50655,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Parasitology","volume":"87 1","pages":"16 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43615305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parasites of the Golden Topminnow, Fundulus chrysotus (Cyprinodontiformes: Fundulidae), from Arkansas, U.S.A.","authors":"C. T. McAllister, T. Fayton, D. Cloutman, C. Bursey, H. Robison, S. Trauth, C. Whipps","doi":"10.1654/1525-2647-87.1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1654/1525-2647-87.1.19","url":null,"abstract":"abstract: Between March 2016 and March 2018, 52 golden topminnows, Fundulus chrysotus, were collected in the Arkansas (n = 5), Ouachita (n = 20), Red (n = 21), and St. Francis (n = 6) river drainages of Arkansas and examined for parasites. Twenty-three (44%) were infected/infested, including 1 (2%) with Calyptospora funduli, 4 (8%) with Myxobolus sp., 9 (18%) with Salsuginus sp., 2 (4%) with Homalometron sp., 2 (4%) with metacercaria of Clinostomum marginatum, 4 (8%) with Posthodiplostomum minimum, 5 (10%) with immature Proteocephalus sp., 4 (8%) with larval Eustrongylides sp., 5 (10%) with acanthocephalan cystacanths, 2 (4%) with Leptorhynchoides sp., 1 (2%) with Neoechinorhynchus sp., and 1 (2%) with Lernaea cyprinacea. Six (12%) topminnows harbored multiple infections. We document 4 new host and 3 new distributional records; the Homalometron sp. appears to be new, and the samples of Myxidium likely represent at least 1, if not 2, previously undescribed species, but both require additional specimens for a description.","PeriodicalId":50655,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Parasitology","volume":"87 1","pages":"19 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45949392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Species of Falcaustra (Nematoda: Kathlaniidae) and Other Helminths in Megophrys stejnegeri (Anura: Megophryidae) from Samar Island, Philippines","authors":"C. Bursey, S. Goldberg, Cameron D. Siler, Rafe M. Brown","doi":"10.1654/1525-2647-87.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1654/1525-2647-87.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Falcaustra samarensis n. sp. (Ascaridida, Kathlaniidae) from the intestines of Megophrys stejnegeri Taylor 1920 (Anura, Megophryidae) is described and illustrated. Falcaustra samarensis n. sp. represents the one hundred fourth species assigned to the genus and the thirty-seventh Oriental species. It is distinguished from other Oriental species by the pattern of caudal papillae (8 precloacal, 2 adcloacal, 10 postcloacal, and 1 median), length of spicules (2,050–3,300 µm) and presence of 1 pseudosucker. Megophrys stejnegeri was also found to harbor 2 additional species of Nematoda, adults of Aplectana ranae and Batrachostrongylus longispiculus. Megophrys stejnegeri represents a new host record for each of these helminth species.","PeriodicalId":50655,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Parasitology","volume":"87 1","pages":"4 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49028447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastrointestinal Helminths from Three Species of Rhacophorid Frogs, Polypedates colletti, P. macrotus, and P. otilophus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Borneo, Malaysia","authors":"S. Goldberg, C. Bursey","doi":"10.1654/1525-2647-87.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1654/1525-2647-87.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Three species of Polypedates frogs (Rhacophoridae) from Borneo, Malaysia, were examined for helminths: Polypedates colletti (n = 5), P. macrotis (n = 8), and P. otilophus (n = 5). We found 3 species of Nematoda: Cosmocerca ornata, Raillietnema rhacophori, and Physalopteroides sp. Cosmocerca ornata was the only helminth infecting all 3 rhacophorid species. The most numerous helminth (too numerous to count) was R. rhacophori in P. otilophus. The 3 species of Polypedates are parasitized by generalist helminths that also infect other species of anurans. Four new host records are reported.","PeriodicalId":50655,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Parasitology","volume":"87 1","pages":"12 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47957155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastrointestinal Helminths from Two Species of Toads, Ingerophrynus divergens and Phrynoidis juxtasper (Anura: Bufonidae), from Borneo, Southeast Asia","authors":"S. Goldberg, C. Bursey","doi":"10.1654/1525-2647-87.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1654/1525-2647-87.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Two species of bufonid frogs from Borneo were examined for helminths: Phrynoidis juxtasper (n = 5), and Ingerophrynus divergens (n = 4). We found 2 species of Nematoda, Cosmocerca ornata and Seuratascaris numidica, and 1 species of Acanthocephala, Pseudoacanthocephalus bufonis. Seuratascaris numidica was the only helminth infecting both bufonid species. The most numerous helminth (n = 15) was S. numidica in P. juxtasper. The 2 species of Bufonidae are parasitized by generalist helminths that also infect other species of anurans. Four new host records are reported.","PeriodicalId":50655,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Parasitology","volume":"87 1","pages":"1 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49554210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multicenter, Scan-Rescan, Human and Machine Learning CMR Study to Test Generalizability and Precision in Imaging Biomarker Analysis.","authors":"Anish Bhuva, Wenjia Bai, Clement Lau, Rhodri Davies, Yang Ye, Heeraj Bulluck, Elisa McAlindon, Veronica Culotta, Peter Swoboda, Gabriella Captur, Thomas Treibel, Joao Augusto, Kristopher Knott, Andreas Seraphim, Graham Cole, Steffen Petersen, Nicola Edwards, John Greenwood, Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci, Alun Hughes, Daniel Rueckert, James Moon, Charlotte Manisty","doi":"10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.119.009214","DOIUrl":"10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.119.009214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Automated analysis of cardiac structure and function using machine learning (ML) has great potential, but is currently hindered by poor generalizability. Comparison is traditionally against clinicians as a reference, ignoring inherent human inter- and intraobserver error, and ensuring that ML cannot demonstrate superiority. Measuring precision (scan:rescan reproducibility) addresses this. We compared precision of ML and humans using a multicenter, multi-disease, scan:rescan cardiovascular magnetic resonance data set.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred ten patients (5 disease categories, 5 institutions, 2 scanner manufacturers, and 2 field strengths) underwent scan:rescan cardiovascular magnetic resonance (96% within one week). After identification of the most precise human technique, left ventricular chamber volumes, mass, and ejection fraction were measured by an expert, a trained junior clinician, and a fully automated convolutional neural network trained on 599 independent multicenter disease cases. Scan:rescan coefficient of variation and 1000 bootstrapped 95% CIs were calculated and compared using mixed linear effects models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Clinicians can be confident in detecting a 9% change in left ventricular ejection fraction, with greater than half of coefficient of variation attributable to intraobserver variation. Expert, trained junior, and automated scan:rescan precision were similar (for left ventricular ejection fraction, coefficient of variation 6.1 [5.2%-7.1%], <i>P</i>=0.2581; 8.3 [5.6%-10.3%], <i>P</i>=0.3653; 8.8 [6.1%-11.1%], <i>P</i>=0.8620). Automated analysis was 186× faster than humans (0.07 versus 13 minutes).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Automated ML analysis is faster with similar precision to the most precise human techniques, even when challenged with real-world scan:rescan data. Assessment of multicenter, multi-vendor, multi-field strength scan:rescan data (available at www.thevolumesresource.com) permits a generalizable assessment of ML precision and may facilitate direct translation of ML to clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":50655,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Parasitology","volume":"85 1","pages":"e009214"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89744336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Records of Four Species of Dactylogyrus (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) from Goldfish, Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pisces: Cyprinidae), in Cuba","authors":"F. L. P. León, Eolian M. Rodríguez Vara, Mercedes Martínez Pérez, Abelardo Nuñez Nuñez, A. Valdés","doi":"10.1654/1525-2647-86.2.114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1654/1525-2647-86.2.114","url":null,"abstract":"Four species of Dactylogyrus were found on gills of goldfish (Carassius auratus) in Cuba. The collected monogeneans were fixed in ammonium picrate and glycerin solution and mounted in glycerin gelatin. The species were identified based on morphological characteristics and measurements, and the 4 dactylogyrids were identified as D. dulkeiti Bychowsky, 1936; D. baueri Gussev, 1955; D. formosus Kulwiec, 1927; and D. intermedius Weger, 1910, which are new records from goldfish in Cuba.","PeriodicalId":50655,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43574837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastrointestinal Helminths of Three Species of Limnonectes Frogs (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from Malaysia","authors":"S. Goldberg, C. Bursey","doi":"10.1654/1525-2647-86.2.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1654/1525-2647-86.2.149","url":null,"abstract":"Three species of dicroglossid frogs from Malaysia were examined for helminths: Limnonectes ibanorum (n = 5), Limnonectes ingeri (n = 5), and Limnonectes leporinus (n = 6). We found 7 species of Nematoda (Amphibiocapillaria bufonis, Cosmocerca ornata, Falcaustra dubia, Orneoascaris sandoshami, Oswaldocruzia sp., Physaloptera sp., Cosmocercinae gen., sp. 1 of Moravec and Sey 1990); 1 species of Cestoda (pleurocercoid); 1 species of Acanthocephala (Pseudoacanthocephalus bufonis); and 1 species of Digenea (Diplodiscus amphichrus). Cosmocerca ornata was the only helminth infecting the 3 dicroglossid species. The most numerous helminth (n = 36) was Cosmocercinae gen. sp. in L. ibanorum. The 3 species of Limnonectes are parasitized by generalist helminths that also infect other species of frogs. Twelve new host records are reported.","PeriodicalId":50655,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42405883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helminths of the Northern Black Racer, Coluber constrictor constrictor Linnaeus (Squamata: Colubridae), from North Carolina, U.S.A.","authors":"D. Horton, Jeffrey C. Beane, J. Flowers","doi":"10.1654/1525-2647-86.2.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1654/1525-2647-86.2.153","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty-three salvaged specimens of Coluber constrictor constrictor Linnaeus (Northern Black Racer) from North Carolina, U.S.A., were examined for gastrointestinal helminths. Eighteen species of helminths (4 trematodes, 2 cestodes, 10 nematodes, and 2 acanthocephalans) are reported, representing 6 new host records and 6 new geographic distribution records. At 52% prevalence, immature physalopterids were the most prevalent helminth, followed by another nematode, Abbreviata terrapenis, at 43%. Specimens of the cestode Oochoristica sp. were the most prevalent (48%) platyhelminth, and macracanthorhynchid cystacanths were the most prevalent (17%) acanthocephalan.","PeriodicalId":50655,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Parasitology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41683199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lamellodiscus spp. (Monogenoidea: Diplectanidae) Infecting the Gill Lamellae of Porgies (Perciformes: Sparidae) in the Gulf of Mexico off Florida, U.S.A., with Descriptions of Lamellodiscus occiduus n. sp. and Lamellodiscus vesperus n. sp. from Calamus spp.","authors":"D. C. Kritsky, M. Bakenhaster","doi":"10.1654/1525-2647-86.2.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1654/1525-2647-86.2.79","url":null,"abstract":"Three species (2 new) of Lamellodiscus (Diplectanidae) are reported from gill lamellae of porgies (Perciformes: Sparidae) from the Gulf of Mexico off Florida. Lamellodiscus occiduus n. sp. is described from the littlehead porgy Calamus proridens and knobbed porgy Calamus nodosus. Lamellodiscus vesperus n. sp. is described from the jolthead porgy Calamus bajonado. Lamellodiscus baeri is reported from the red porgy Pagrus pagrus. The new species of Lamellodiscus are the first of the genus to be described from the western Atlantic region (Gulf of Mexico). The Gulf of Mexico is a new locality record for L. baeri.","PeriodicalId":50655,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48467139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}