IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science最新文献

{"title":"Sustainable bio-jet fuel synthesis techniques for the aviation industry","authors":"C H Tan, C. T. Yaw, S. P. Koh, K. Kadirgama, A. M. Abed, H. S. Majdi","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012036","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the near future, the aviation industry is expected to significantly increase the usage of “drop-in” bio-jet fuel as the technologies in biofuel production advances and matures. Given the high rate of growth in the aviation sector, the demand for aerial transportation of passenger and cargo is projected to increase by two-fold in the next twenty years. This will raise the global aviation fuel consumption to an estimated 22.48 quadrillion British thermal unit (BTU) by 2040. To meet these high energy demands, it is necessary to develop alternative and sustainable methods to produce jet fuel. In light of this, intense research and numerous fundings have been allocated into developing efficient production methods for bio-jet fuel. Conventional jet fuel emits a considerable amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) when combusted, which contributes to global warming. Compared to traditional jet fuel, bio-jet fuel is a renewable energy source and regarded to emit less GHGs. Bio-jet fuel can be produced using a diverse range of both edible (food crops such as soybean, corn, and sugar cane) and inedible (such as energy crops, agricultural wastes, and lignocellulosic biomass) feedstocks. There are various promising technologies that can produce aviation biofuel, which includes oil-to-jet [hydroprocessed ester and fatty acids (HEFA)], alcohol-to-jet, sugar-to-jet [hydroprocessing of fermented sugars (HFS)], and syngas-to-jet [Fisher-Tropsch (FT)]. Compared to the other techniques, HEFA bio-jet fuel can be sold at a lower price because HEFA requires less capital investment, capital cost, and energy cost. Although FT technique require high capital investment, FT bio-jet fuel can be sold at medium price due to its matured technology. The breakeven cost of ATJ and HFS bio-jet fuel varies greatly due to the supply and cost of sugar-rich feedstocks, as well as short lifespan of enzymes. Although bio-jet fuel has the potential to replace petroleum jet fuel in the future, there are still many technological and socio-economic challenges that must be overcome. Therefore, this paper aims to highlight the current status, technological advances, and economic challenges of bio-jet fuel production for energy transition in the aviation industry.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"24 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141708920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance prediction and analysis of a solar assisted medium-deep geothermal heating system","authors":"Z B Zhang, Z. Y. Tao, Z. D. Ma, G. Jia, L. H. Saw, L W Jin","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The solar assisted medium-deep geothermal heating (SAMGH) system is a novel kind of heating system that can combine the benefits of geothermal and solar energy. However, the variations in borehole heat exchanger (BHE) performance and the intermittency of solar energy pose challenges for predicting the overall performance of the coupled system and designing the operational strategies. To conduct simulation on the SAMGH system for performance prediction and analysis, a coaxial medium-deep borehole heat exchanger coupled with the solar energy heating system for an office building in Xi’an was developed. The TRNSYS software was employed to establish the model of the coupled system. A ground source heat pump (GSHP) heating system was used for comparison. The simulation results showed that with the introduction of the solar energy and heat storage modules, the annual operating time of the geothermal system only accounts for 32.06%. The energy consumption of the coupled system can be reduced from 63585 kW to 44586 kW, and the energy consumption proportion of the geothermal system in total value decreased from 69.10% to 40.58%. Therefore, the average coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pump and the system were improved by 63.71% and 91.77%, respectively. Moreover, because the solar energy is beneficial to the ground heat recovery, the average ground temperature increased from 42.5 °C to 43.88 °C after ten years of operation. The proposed design method and simulation results can serve as a reference for design method and performance analysis of the geothermal and solar coupled system.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"20 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141704072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrochar production through co-hydrothermal carbonization of water hyacinth and plastic waste","authors":"M. Y. Ong, S. Nomanbhay, C. U. A. A. C. Rosman, T. Yusaf, A. S. Silitonga","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012034","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The global expansion of the economy and concerns about greenhouse gas emissions and climate change necessitate the exploration of sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. Water hyacinth (WH) is globally recognized as one of the most problematic aquatic weeds, posing significant challenges to urban management by clogging waterways, polluting water sources, and causing harm to ecosystems. However, water hyacinth is enriched with hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin, making it a noteworthy and superior biomass resource. Hence, this study focuses on the hydrothermal carbonization of water hyacinth into a renewable fuel source, the hydrochar. Hydrothermal treatment was implemented in this work as it can treat wet biomass, in this case, the water hyacinth, without the need of energy-extensive drying process. Plastic waste (PW), or more specifically low-density polyethylene (LDPE), was added as the co-feedstock during the HTC process with the purpose to boost the higher heating value (HHV) of the end product. The co-hydrothermal carbonization (co-HTC) process of the mixture of WH and PW at various ratios and temperatures were conducted to investigate the optimal HTC condition for high hydrochar yields. As the result, the highest hydrochar yield of 29.23 wt% was obtained with 12.5% LDPE substitution percentage, at 200 °C after a holding time of 90 min. However, in term of energy recovery efficiency (ER), the highest efficiency (27.28%) was achieved with 12.5% LDPE substitution percentage at 260 °C. The HHV value of the hydrochar produced in this work is in the range of 17.71-24.69 MJ/kg. In summary, the co-HTC of WH and LDPE could definitely be a promising alternative to bridge the gap from solid waste to renewable fuels.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"42 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141713099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air quality monitoring using drones (UAV)","authors":"R. Alberto Bernabeo, Gianmarco D’Alessandro, Alessandro Ceruti, Laura Tositti, Nhan Nguyen, Thanh Phuoc Ho","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012065","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Air pollution causes many diseases and is a major environmental threat, therefore, it is essential to monitor and improve the air quality. With this work, we aim to assess atmospheric pollution using drone-mounted air sensors, with specific applications in Vietnam. We aim to measure Green-House Gas (GHG) emissions and other pollutants in urban and non-urban areas of interest including, but not limited to landfills and airports, to evaluate the effects of pollution on climate and health. The project will use a novel and creative approach to collect three-dimensional atmospheric data using smart sensors mounted on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). UAVs have been extensively applied in recent years, both in Vietnam and on a global scale, to multiple fields and with different scopes. Surveying, crop monitoring, irrigation and fertilization, surveillance and rescue support, and 2D and 3D mapping, are just a few examples of how UAVs can be used for agriculture, archaeology, forestry, urban planning, and architecture. In this project, we develop an integrated system of UAVs and smart sensors for air quality monitoring. To develop mitigation and adaptation strategies for reducing the environmental impact of transport, it is imperative to assess the emission sources and trends. Therefore, we are developing a system able to collect comprehensive atmospheric data using remote aerosol sampling, and chemical speciation. Furthermore, the potential of using smart sensors on other flying devices is explored.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"8 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141699403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trihalomethane formation potentials from the effluent of different wastewater treatment sources","authors":"K. Phlaengsattra, V. Kanokkantapong, J. Sangsanont","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012031","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Reused wastewater is commonly treated with disinfection to remove pathogenic microorganisms; however, this process generates disinfection byproducts (DBPs), such as trihalomethanes (THMs). This study aimed to investigate the levels of THMs and THM formation potential (THMFP) in treated wastewater originating from different sources i.e., domestic, food-processing industry and hospital. The samples from each source were collected three times between June and August 2023. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was evaluated from the samples prior to and after disinfection with chlorine over a period of 7 days. The results found that the concentration of DOC was highest in hospital effluent, with an average value of 5.60±0.16 mg/L followed by effluent from the food-processing industry and domestic, which had average DOC concentrations of 4.60±1.39 mg/L and 4.46±0.37 mg/L, respectively. The concentration of THMs in hospital effluent was found the highest at 6.91±0.88 µg/L followed by effluent from the domestic and food-processing industries, which exhibited amounts of 6.74±0.77 µg/L and 5.25±0.77 µg/L, respectively. In contrast, the food-processing factory had the highest concentration of THMFP at 299.39±26.54 µg/L, while the domestic and hospital effluent displayed a lower concentration of 133.64±36.86 µg/L and 51.48±9.01 µg/L, respectively.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"15 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141700158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of pyrolysis characteristics and kinetic parameters from several prospected biomass residues by thermogravimetric analysis","authors":"S. Pambudi, J. S. Jongyingcharoen, W. Saechua","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 With fossil fuel supplies dwindling and persistent environmental concerns surrounding their consumption, biomass has emerged as a highly promising renewable energy source. Understanding the characteristics of biomass pyrolysis is crucial as it provides valuable insights and guidance for designing and optimizing the pyrolysis process. In this regard, a thermogravimetric assessment was conducted to evaluate the pyrolysis characteristics and kinetic parameters of four prospective biomass sources: Yang Na wood (Dipterocarpus alatus), palmyra palm shell, cotton stalk, and spent coffee grounds with a condition temperature range of 33 °C to 700 °C and a heating rate of 10 °C·min-1 in a nitrogen atmosphere. The kinetic parameters were evaluated using the Coats and Redfern methods, employing various reaction order models. The activation energy and pre-exponential factor were determined for the active pyrolysis stage. The results revealed that the high heating values for all samples ranged from 18.20 to 23.00 MJ·kg-1. Additionally, the onset temperature fell within the range of 243 to 254 °C, while the offset temperature ranged from 365 to 452 °C for all samples. The conversion rate at the offset temperature was 0.67 for Yang Na wood, 0.62 for palmyra palm shell, 0.65 for cotton stalk, and 0.74 for spent coffee grounds. Moreover, the activation energies were measured as 46.47 kJ·mol-1 for Yang Na wood, 52.46 kJ·mol-1 for palmyra palm shell, 64.20 kJ·mol-1 for cotton stalk, and 69.01 kJ·mol-1 for spent coffee grounds. The higher activation energy corresponded to a higher pre-exponential factor. In conclusion, the pyrolysis characteristics and kinetic parameters of the four types of biomasses have been found to be favourable, indicating their potential for promotion and application as a raw material for the pyrolysis process.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"19 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141701845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reinforcement learning optimal control method for multi chiller HVAC system in an existing office building","authors":"H Y Wang, Q. Ge, C Ma, T. Cui","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012096","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Given that buildings consume approximately 33% of global energy, and HVAC systems contribute nearly half of a building’s total energy demand, optimizing their efficiency is imperative for sustainable energy use. Many existing buildings operate HVAC systems inefficiently, displaying non-stationary behavior. Current reinforcement learning (RL) training methods rely on historical data, which is often obtained through costly modeling or trial-and-error methods in real buildings. This paper introduces a novel reinforcement learning construction framework designed to improve the robustness and learning speed of RL control while reducing learning costs. The framework is specifically tailored for existing office buildings. Applying this framework to control HVAC systems in real office buildings in Beijing, engineering practice results demonstrate: during the data collection phase, energy efficiency surpasses traditional rule-based control methods from the previous year, achieving significantly improved energy performance (a 17.27% reduction) with minimal comfort sacrifices. The system achieves acceptable robustness, learning speed, and control stability. Reduced ongoing manual supervision leads to savings in optimization labor. Systematic exploration of actions required for RL training lays the foundation for RL algorithm development. Furthermore, by leveraging collected data, a reinforcement learning control algorithm is established, validating the reliability of this approach. This construction framework reduces the prerequisites for historical data and models, providing an acceptable alternative for systems with insufficient data or equipment conditions.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"11 11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141705553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity analysis on heat pump - mechanical vapor recompression desalination system by recovering waste heat of offshore power converter station","authors":"C. Y. Shi, X W Hu, S M Dong, X Y Fu, T. Liu, M S Jin","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012050","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Offshore wind power converter stations produce massive low-temperature waste heat, which can hardly be used constrained by their offshore location. Therefore, the recovery of the waste heat has been raising widespread concern. Meanwhile, a large amount of fresh water is needed for its cooling system. So, a novel system combining high temperature heat pump and a mechanical vapor recompression system (HP-MVR) was proposed, and sensitivity analysis was performed to optimize it. The heat pump was used to absorb the waste heat and to produce high temperature water. The mechanical vapor recompression system was adopted to produce fresh water and to recover the condensation heat from the steam. In order to determine the impact parameters on the two crucial performance indicators of freshwater production and unit energy consumption, this article introduces a sensitivity analysis method, focusing on analyzing the sensitivity of the three operating parameters of heat pump condensation temperature, saturated water vapor inlet temperature entering the compressor, and freshwater condensation temperature to these two performance indicators. The results show that the sensitivity coefficients of heat pump condensation temperature, saturated water vapor inlet temperature entering the compressor, and freshwater condensation temperature are 1.13, -0.26, and 1.56. So, the freshwater condensation temperature has the most significant effect on freshwater output. Their sensitivity coefficients to unit energy consumption are 1.02, 1.41, and -0.64. The saturated water vapor inlet temperature entering the compressor has the most significant impact on the required power consumption per unit of freshwater. It will give some guidance for the application of low-temperature waste heat in seawater desalination and the reduction of operating costs.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141706545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing thermal comfort in buildings through the integration of phase change material on the building envelope: a simulation study","authors":"U. Bordoloi, B. Das","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012089","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 According to the report published by the International Energy Agency (IEA), active space cooling and air conditioning systems consume approximately 16% of the building sector’s final electricity consumption and contribute 3.94% of global greenhouse gas emissions. In this regard, the use of low-cost but effective passive solutions, such as organic phase change materials (PCM) on the building envelope, can provide high thermal mass and thus can lower the temperature fluctuation inside the building. In the current study, the potential of PCM-enhanced building envelopes to enhance thermal comfort has been studied. The study has been performed using the conduction finite difference (ConFD) algorithm in EnergyPlus software. A comparative study has been done for a traditional reinforced cement concrete (RCC) reference test room of size (5m x 6m x 3m) and another room of the same size with PCM-enhanced walls for the hot and humid climate zone of Guwahati (latitude 26.1, longitude 91.7), in India. A PCM thickness of 20 mm is used at the external surface of the wall between the red clay burnt brick (120 mm in thickness) and the cement plaster (25mm thick). The PCM used for the study is a biocomposite PCM, named WH-PCM, with a melting point of 31.5°C and thermal conductivity of 0.27 W/mK. The simulation results reveal that the R-value of the external wall of the room with PCM walls has been increased by 84.90% compared to the reference room with the incorporation of WH-PCM, resulting in a mean zone temperature difference of 0.3°C throughout the year. Also, the indoor thermal discomfort hours have been annually reduced by 15.82% with the use of WH-PCM when compared with the reference room. A similar temperature difference trend, which is 1.93°C, is also observed in the single PCM brick experimental result under identical testing conditions as a regular brick of the same size.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"54 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141711009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of response surface method (RSM) to investigate the effects of process parameters on the microstructures and specific surface area of hierarchical 3D nanostructured NiCo2O4 electrocatalyst synthesized through hydrothermal method","authors":"N.F. Raduwan, N. Shaari, M.S. Masdar","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012103","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The hierarchical 3D nanostructured NiCo2O4 was successfully synthesized through facile hydrothermal method for fuel cell electrocatalysis. It was observed that the specific surface area of NiCo2O4 was strongly influenced by the synthesizing parameters namely temperature (T) and reaction time (t) in hydrothermal process. A high specific surface area in electrocatalyst materials is crucial for maximizing the efficiency and effectiveness of electrochemical reactions by providing more active sites, improving reactivity, enhancing mass transport, and reducing the utilization of expensive catalyst materials. The response surface method (RSM) coupled with central composite design (CCD) was utilised to statistically specify the effects of the reaction time and temperature on the specific surface area of the synthesized NiCo2O4. The optimum synthesize parameters of T = 188.41 °C and t = 12.86 hours were performed to obtain the highest specific surface area of 166.98 m2 g-1 which demonstrated the RSM was an excellent tool to implement and tailor the specific surface area of NiCo2O4. Finally, a mathematical model was derived to predict the relationship between these parameters and the structural properties. This study proved that the optimum hydrothermal parameters improved the final electrocatalyst structures based on numerical analysis and validated by the observation from field emission scanning electron microscopy and calculation from Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) measurement.","PeriodicalId":506254,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"179 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141711565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}