Smart Materials and Structures最新文献

{"title":"Development and testing of a discrete coil magnetostrictive actuator","authors":"Yanwen Wang, Yuchuan Zhu, Long Chen, J. Ling, Mingming Zhang","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad6382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad6382","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Active combustion control (ACC) technology is an effective measure for suppressing the combustion oscillation of aero-engines. The magnetostrictive actuator is the most suitable choice for the ACC actuator due to its excellent high-frequency characteristics and high-temperature resistance. For the magnetostrictive actuator to produce high-frequency displacement, the constant current driver must have sufficient power, which increased its mass. A solution is to use multi-channel and low-power constant current driver. Therefore, the coil of the magnetostrictive actuator is axially dispersed and driven by two four-channel servo amplifiers. The driver's mass is significantly reduced while maintaining the same electromagnetic conversion effect. In addition, an analytical model of a discrete coil magnetostrictive actuator is established, and a series of experiments are conducted. The maximum hysteresis error of output displacement at 200 Hz is reduced by 15.2%. Furthermore, under PID closed-loop control, the root mean square (RMS) error is less than 2% when tracking a 10 Hz sinusoidal displacement with coil switching drive.","PeriodicalId":506236,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"32 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel scale-bridging method for MSMA linking continuum thermodynamics constitutive formulations to lumped system-level models","authors":"Fabian Sordon, Omar El Khatib, R. Courant, Akshay Balachandran Jeeja, Juergen Maas, Bjoern Kiefer","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad6367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad6367","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This work introduces a novel scale-bridging method between a continuum thermodynamics constitutive model and a lumped system-level model for magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMA). With this method, system models for real-time operations are generated based on virtual experiments using the constitutive model. The proposed method addresses the fact that, while constitutive models for MSMA typically only require small sets of parameters as input, their evaluation is still computationally expensive. System models for control engineering, however, require extensive experimental parameterization, while their evaluation is highly time-efficient. The proposed scale-bridging method has the potential to combine a small parameterization effort and a low computational cost of the real-time system model. Additionally, the constitutive model is utilized to investigate whether it can determine the individual behavior of MSMA samples. This is important since the inherent model parameters, while valid for ideal single crystals, deviate for non-ideal MSMA sample behavior. To this end, the MSMA constitutive model, based on a global variational principle originally proposed by Kiefer et al.~is supplemented by various extensions, including a more robust algorithmic treatment. A parameter identification procedure is introduced to optimize the constitutive model parameters based on an outer hysteresis curve for a particular load case. By conducting virtual experiments with the constitutive model, data sets are generated to parameterize Preisach hysteresis models as numerical approximations of the constitutive models. The resulting hysteresis models are compared with physical experiments using an MSMA test bench for different load cases. It is shown that the proposed scale-bridging method successfully generates hysteresis models derived from constitutive models. While maintaining accuracy comparable to strictly phenomenological models across various load cases (as validated through physical MSMA test bench experiments), these models require significantly less parameterization effort than classical system models. This translates to faster model creation and broader applicability.","PeriodicalId":506236,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"32 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141645447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A stretchable and self-powered strain sensor with elastomeric electret","authors":"Yanyu Li, Yifan Li, Haoyu Gu, C. Zhai, Siyang Song, Shuwen Zhang, Minglong Xu","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad62d4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad62d4","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Stretchable deformation sensors play an important role in the perception and autonomy of soft robots. While various sensors have been reported, the mechanical sensor with self-powered capability and stretchability to suit extreme environment is urgently required. In this study, a stretchable, self-powered, sensitivity adjustable, and long-term stability strain sensor based on the stretchable electret is researched for deformation monitoring. This stretchable and self-powered sensor is composed of the dielectric elastomer with designed elastic modulus gradient and the stretchable electret with elastomeric and Nano-particles. The electro-mechanical capability of this designed sensor is researched and optimized by multi-objective optimization approach. The sensor exhibits self-powered capability, stretchability (tensile strain from 0% to 20%), tunable sensitivity (optimized from 5.7 pC/mm to 5.9 pC/mm), and stability, where electromechanical performance remains stable after 1200 stretching cycles. The feasibility of its autonomous sensing which promotes a wide range of potential application in soft robotics is demonstrated. This elastic modulus gradient-induced and net charge design significantly broadened the potential applications with large deformation and low-attached stiffness.","PeriodicalId":506236,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"40 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141650018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of phononic crystals using superposition of defect and gradient-index for enhanced wave focusing","authors":"N. Shen, Yu Cong, S. Gu, Gongye Zhang, Zhiqiang Feng","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad62cb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad62cb","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper introduces a novel design strategy for phononic crystals (PnCs) that significantly enhances their wave amplification and focusing capabilities, making them highly suitable for energy harvesting applications. The strategy is based on the combination of two distinct wave tuning techniques: defect PnCs implementation and gradient-index (GRIN) structure designs. The two techniques are based on different mechanisms and are commonly considered independently for wave manipulation applications. In particular, defect PnCs incorporate structural or material irregularities within periodic PnCs, enabling waves of certain frequencies, typically blocked by the bandgap, to pass through and emerge with amplified amplitude at the defect location. In contrast, the gradient-index technique utilizes gradient structures that induce refractive effect to the wave propagation, focusing the wave at a pre-determined location. The PnC design strategy that we propose combines the wave amplifying effect of defect PnCs in conjunction with the wave focusing effect of the gradient-index mechanism. This combination leads to substantial performance improvement, with enhancement factors of 2.6 and 4.1, in comparison with individually implemented defect or gradient models, respectively. These results open up new possibilities for the development of PnCs with the goal of tuning wave propagations for optimized vibration energy harvesters.","PeriodicalId":506236,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"40 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical analysis and experimental research of piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid vibration energy harvester","authors":"Xuhui Zhang, Yujun Cheng, Wenjuan Yang, Jianan Pan, Xiaoyu Chen, Hengtao Xu, Hao Tian, Jialin Zhang","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad62cc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad62cc","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 To address the concerns of single-mode energy harvesters' low output power and inefficient energy utilization, this paper proposes a novel piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid vibration energy harvester to enhance energy harvesting performance. In order to obtain the dynamic properties and evaluate the efficiency of the proposed hybrid energy harvester, an electromechanical coupling dynamic model was established, and the corresponding voltage, current, and output power of the hybrid energy harvester were calculated. The dynamical responses of the hybrid energy harvester obtained in the numerical simulations were discussed to reveal the influence of key parameters such as the excitation amplitude, load resistance, and initial magnetic distance. Then the validation experiments were conducted to verify the numerical simulation results. The results indicated that the excitation amplitude had a significant effect on the output voltage and output power. Meanwhile, the optimum load resistance and magnetic distance could boost the power generating performance of the hybrid energy harvester. The total output power of the hybrid energy harvesters can reach to 38.2mW, which is 164.6% and 60.5% higher than those of the corresponding piezoelectric and electromagnetic energy harvesters, respectively. The results of this paper provide a new method for enhancing the performance of vibration energy harvester by means of hybrid energy conversion mechanism from an experimental and theoretical point of view.","PeriodicalId":506236,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"60 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141654633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new hybrid auxetic structure capable of uniform deformation exhibits excellent energy absorption","authors":"Yunfei Deng, Yaoxiang Jin, Hailin Li, Xuan Wang","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad62ca","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad62ca","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As a kind of mechanical metamaterial, auxetic honeycomb with negative Poisson's ratio has received extensive attention in recent years. In order to further improve the stable deformation and energy absorption of the auxetic structure, we combined the asymmetrical re-entrant honeycomb with the triangular honeycombs to propose a new two-dimensional (2D) auxetic structure named asymmetrical re-entrant triangular honeycomb (ART). By setting up comparative experiments, quasi-static compression tests for ART and two existing honeycomb structures (re-entrant star-shaped honeycomb and re-entrant hexagonal honeycomb) along in-plane directions were conducted. A series of ART configurations with different parameters were established, and finite element simulation was used to explore the effects of parameters on the mechanical properties of ART. The unilateral horizontal maximum strain (UHMS) is cited to assess the deformation stability of the structures. The experimental and simulation results show that the deformation of ART is uniform in both in-plane directions. In the compressive strain range that we studied, the specific energy absorption of ART in both directions can be up to 291% and 271% higher than that of the existing structures, respectively, providing excellent load-bearing and energy absorption. In addition, the mechanical properties of ART can be adjusted by changing the geometrical parameters to provide ideas for structural design.","PeriodicalId":506236,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"27 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141652447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel 4D-printing pellets with infrared-light responsive shape memory effect","authors":"S. J. Chen, Xianhao Mao, Zhen He, Wei Lu, Bing Wu, H. Zhuo","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad6229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad6229","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 4D-printing technology is attractive to researchers since it combines 3D printing with smart materials to produce 3D structures with various shapes and change shapes under specific external stimuli. Herein, novel shape memory polymer (SMP) pallets with infrared-light responsive shape memory effect were developed for 4D printing applications. The structures, properties, and infrared-light responsive shape memory performances of the resulting (SMP) pallets were thoroughly investigated. The results showed PDA/SMP palletsprepared by direct loading of PDA particles on SMP pallets displayed less influence on the basic properties of SMP while fluidity was enhanced. The obtained PDA/SMP pallets employed as feed materials for particle 3D printers revealed good thermal-induced shape memory performance and photo-responsive shape memory performance in printed 3D structures. Under infrared-light irradiation, the curled shape recovered to straight splines within 60 seconds due to the strong absorption and good photo-thermal conversion of the loaded PDA nanoparticles under infrared light. Overall, the as-prepared PDA/SMP pallets look promising for use in biomedical fields and smart devices, as well as remote control deformation with 4D printing technology.","PeriodicalId":506236,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"62 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141658236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shape memory polymer lattice structures with programmable thermal recovery time","authors":"Jinyu Ji, Kai Zhang, Xiaogang Guo","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad6227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad6227","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Shape memory polymer (SMP) lattice structures have garnered considerable attention due to their intrinsic capability for self-recovery and mechanical reconfiguration. The temporal path, encompassing aspects such as recovery time and deployment sequence, of the shape recovery process in SMP lattice structures holds paramount significance across various domains, including but not limited to medical devices and space deployable structures. Nonetheless, the programming of shape recovery time or deployment sequences in SMP lattice structures, particularly in scenarios devoid of external controllers, remains a challenge. In addressing these challenges, this study presents a novel class of SMP structures endowed with customizable thermal recovery times and programmable deployment sequences, leveraging the influence of structural geometry. Notably, the programmable recovery time and serialized deployment behavior of the proposed SMP lattice structure are achieved within a constant temperature environment, obviating the need for external time-varying stimuli. Finite element simulations and experimental validations corroborate that the proposed SMP structures can be programmed to exhibit recovery times spanning from mere seconds to several hundred seconds. Moreover, a three-stage sequential recovery behavior is attained without necessitating prior local configuration programming. Furthermore, exploiting the distinctive sequential reversibility inherent in a constant high-temperature environment, the designed lattice structure showcases the ability to transition to multiple distinct stable configurations by modulating the duration of high-temperature exposure. The proposed recovery time programmable SMP lattice structure thus presents a viable avenue for realizing intricate multistage controllable shape-shifting structures devoid of external control equipment.","PeriodicalId":506236,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"86 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141657907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and experimental study of a stepped magnetorheological damper with power generation","authors":"Yingjie Chen, Xiaolong Yang, Xiumei Geng, Xiaoshu Deng, Shiying Zhou","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad622b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad622b","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Traditional vehicle suspension magnetorheological dampers have problems with low output damping force and require additional energy input to operate, to improve the performance of the vehicle suspension magnetorheological damper, in this paper, we propose and investigate a stepped magnetorheological damper structure with power generation, and conducts structural design and magnetic circuit analysis. The effects of different currents, damping gaps, coil slot positions, and coil turns on the damping performance of the stepped magnetorheological damper with power generation are numerically studied. The magnetic circuit sensitivity analysis of the power generation structure and the magnetorheological damper structure is also performed. Experiments have verified the effects of different input excitations on damping and energy-feeding performance, and the results of numerical analysis have been verified. The results show that when the excitation coil is wound for 257 turns, the magnetic circuit requirements are met. And the influence of different amplitudes, frequencies, and currents on the output damping force was studied through experiments. The results showed that the damping force would increase with the increase of single parameter values. When the amplitude was 7mm, the frequency was 1Hz, and the current was 2A, the output damping force could reach 4500N, meeting the requirements for use.","PeriodicalId":506236,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"138 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141656018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of enhanced force models to analyze the nonlinear hysteresis response of miniaturized Pneumatic artificial muscles","authors":"Shakila Zabihollah, S. Moezi, R. Sedaghati","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad6228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad6228","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Miniaturized pneumatic artificial muscles (MPAMs), designed to replicate natural muscle actuation, offer unique attributes such as a high power-to-weight ratio, flexibility, easy integration, and compactness, making them favorable for many applications. The present paper aims at the development of an accurate semi-analytical force model considering the effect of the bladder material and friction terms to predict the nonlinear force-deformation response of MPAMs during contraction and expansion cycles. Existing force models for MPAMs exhibit limitations to accurately capturing the force-deformation behaviors due to several simplification factors. This study enhances these models by integrating correction terms to accurately address the nonlinearity and frictional effects exhibited by MPAMs. An analysis of the hysteresis loops resulting from the cyclic loading and unloading of MPAMs under specific pressures is undertaken to compare different methodologies in order to determine the most accurate correction terms. To investigate the nonlinear behavior of MPAMs, the stress-strain relationship of the bladder material and results from force-deformation expermnetal tests on the entire actuator are considered and for the effect of friction term, theoretical and empirical approaches are investigated. Results suggest that the theoretical force model based on analytical and empirical friction forces, respectively, slightly overestimates and underestimates the force experienced by MPAMs during contraction while slightly underestimate and overestimates during expansion, respectively. A comparative analysis between MPAMs featuring Ecoflex-50 silicone and Ecoflex30+PDMS mixture as bladder materials has also been conducted to further investigate the effect of bladder materials on their force and contraction outputs under inlet pressures ranging from 0 kPa to 300 kPa. It is shown that the MPAM feauting Ecoflex-50 bladder, exhibits lower dead-band pressure and an overall reduced blocked force in comparison to MPAM with bladder made of Ecoflex30+PDMS while exhibiting a substantially enhanced free contraction capacity.","PeriodicalId":506236,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"131 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141656443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}