Contemporary Physics最新文献_第8页

Nanotechnology: trends and future applications 纳米技术:趋势和未来应用

IF 2 4区物理与天体物理

Contemporary Physics Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/00107514.2023.2203672

Mario Bertolotti

引用次数: 0

Organic solar cells: materials design, technology and commercialization 有机太阳能电池:材料设计、技术和商业化

IF 2 4区物理与天体物理

Contemporary Physics Pub Date : 2023-05-02 DOI: 10.1080/00107514.2023.2203670

Anla Fet Hardi, Erin Ficrah Huda

引用次数: 0

The physics of sound waves: music, instruments, and sound equipment, second edition 声波的物理学:音乐，乐器和音响设备，第二版

IF 2 4区物理与天体物理

Contemporary Physics Pub Date : 2022-12-23 DOI: 10.1080/00107514.2022.2157887

Jack Reid

引用次数: 0

The quantum internet – the second quantum revolution 量子互联网——第二次量子革命

IF 2 4区物理与天体物理

Contemporary Physics Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/00107514.2023.2203110

S. Esposito

{"title":"The quantum internet – the second quantum revolution","authors":"S. Esposito","doi":"10.1080/00107514.2023.2203110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00107514.2023.2203110","url":null,"abstract":"It is there for all to see that the emergence of the internet has allowed computers and digital electronics to realise their full potential. Now, with the emergence of the entirely new type of quantum technologies, whose early demonstration is becoming a reality, their full potential is expected to be inevitably disclosed by networking them. This is just the central topic of The Quantum Internet – The Second Quantum Revolution, by Peter. P. Rohde. The quantum era is just at its inception, but it already shows how countless industries will be revolutionised, starting from quantum computing. The book then presents an early formulation and analysis of quantumnetworking protocols, by depicting a possible future quantum internet where resources can be shared and communicated. Starting from a description of classical networks, the author then introduces the key concepts of quantum internet protocols, quantum cryptography and cloud quantum computing, by examining in some detail the technology required as well as the implications it will have economically and politically. Indeed, the superclassical scaling in the computational power of quantum computing forces to give the required attention tomany important economic and strategic considerations. The classical-equivalent power of a quantum computer may grow exponentially with the number of qubits, so that economic indicators are likely expected to exhibit different scaling characteristics and dynamics with respect to those of classical computers, resulting in a fundamental alteration of the economic landscape of the post-quantumworld. The author appropriately addresses all such issues throughout the book, allowing ‘to inspire new research directions, encourage future work and stimulate lively and rigorous scientific debate about future technology’. The onset of quantum computing also carries with it somewhat deep ‘philosophical’ implications. A game theory approach shows, indeed, that strong motivations exist for quantum computing vendors to cooperate in order to globally maximise net utility and remain competitive: they are boosted to contribute their resources to the quantum internet (rather than go it alone), due to the superlinear leverage. As a matter of fact, facilitating cloud quantum computing is of key importance for allowing very expensive quantum computers to be accessible to end users, thus favouring early widespread adoption of quantum computation. Possiblemarket structures are also envisaged by the author, which clearly show interesting and largely unexplored avenues for future research at the intersection between economics and quantum information theory. Of course, however, the main attention of the present book is devoted to technical issues and, aside from quantum computing, which is the most exciting of the emerging quantum technologies, a central use for them is – expectedly – in cryptography, given its fundamental relevance in the area of the general security of information transmissio","PeriodicalId":50620,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Physics","volume":"62 1","pages":"328 - 328"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82185078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Cartoon physics: a graphic novel guide to solving physics problems 卡通物理:解决物理问题的图形小说指南

IF 2 4区物理与天体物理

Contemporary Physics Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/00107514.2023.2204076

Wandi Wandi, Fani Mardianti

引用次数: 0

Quantum transport in nanostructures and molecules: an introduction to molecular electronics 纳米结构和分子中的量子输运:分子电子学导论

IF 2 4区物理与天体物理

Contemporary Physics Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/00107514.2023.2206083

Mohit Sharma

{"title":"Quantum transport in nanostructures and molecules: an introduction to molecular electronics","authors":"Mohit Sharma","doi":"10.1080/00107514.2023.2206083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00107514.2023.2206083","url":null,"abstract":"This is a welcome revision, about 30 years after the first edition, of one of the most comprehensive monographs on the theory of phonons. The author has made considerable contributions to research in many of the areas he describes. As well as introducing new topics, the updated edition covers new methods or improved techniques for the calculations covered in the first edition. The groundwork is established in the first two chapters, covering the elements of crystal symmetry and the reciprocal lattice and the semiclassical treatment of lattice dynamics moving from one to three dimensions, considering simple models of interatomic forces, and discussing lattice specific heat. This is followed by three comprehensive chapters on the ab initio calculation of phonons in the harmonic approximation, including both direct and linear response methods, anharmonicity, and lattice thermal conductivity, including relaxation-time, variational and linear response methods. Chapter 6 discusses the mechanisms of phonon scattering from imperfections, through anharmonic processes (including their ab initio treatment), and from interactions with electrons and magnetic impurities in semiconductors. The following chapter brings all of this together in the context of thermal conductivity, again progressing from simple phenomenological approaches to the latest quantitatively reliable calculations. The methods are illustrated with applications to a variety of bulk materials. The remaining seven chapters cover more specialised aspects of phonons. Some of these are for special geometries, such as surfaces, for special structures, such as layered crystals and nanocomposites, or for disordered materials such as impure and mixed crystals and quasi-crystalline and amorphous solids. The remaining topics are topological nanophononics and chiral phononics, phonon spectroscopy, and phonons in liquid helium. The approach throughout is theoretical and rigorous. Many experimental results are included and compared with the results from theory, but a reader seeking details of experimental methodsmust look elsewhere. A highlymathematical text such as this is not well suited to the VitalSource e-book: slow loading of chapters, excessive white space and mismatched symbol sizes make it very awkward to use. The publishers were kind enough to send me a printed version, which has been produced to a high standard. Misprints are infrequent (though there are occasional problems with ‘ab initio’), and the formulae are accurate. The extensive references include work up to 2021, and updated appendices bring the material on ab initio calculations up to date. The index has been completely revised for this edition, and in some parts is less helpful than that of the first edition. Although the revision is only 13 pages longer than the original, the larger page format and reduced size of figures have allowed a lotmorematerial to be included. This is an excellent monograph, worthy of a place on the shelf of","PeriodicalId":50620,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Physics","volume":"12 1","pages":"337 - 339"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76197792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Printed and flexible sensor technology 印刷和柔性传感器技术

IF 2 4区物理与天体物理

Contemporary Physics Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/00107514.2023.2203129

Francisco Falcone

{"title":"Printed and flexible sensor technology","authors":"Francisco Falcone","doi":"10.1080/00107514.2023.2203129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00107514.2023.2203129","url":null,"abstract":"unique electronic properties which have a large surface area for energy storage and fast energy transfer. Furthermore, the use of a flexible supercapacitor microstructure is described in chapters 9–11 for fabrication using the printed technique. The printed material used is also described in detail as to what design is suitable so that the supercapacitor meets the requirements as a flexible material. The development of this flexible supercapacitor is highly anticipatedwith further research even though there is no standard measurement method to determine how flexible a material is. So next it is expected to improve the quality of materials or types of electrodes used for intelligent electronic devices in the future. With a detailed explanation of various designs, structures, electrodematerials, and applications of flexible supercapacitors, it will be a source of inspiration for readers. The preface of this book presents the latest survey on the development of flexible electronic materials, especially supercapacitor materials. So that the reader can know an overview before reading each available chapter. The interesting part of this book is that each chapter describes previous research that can support further research so that readers can learn about the strengths and weaknesses of each research that has been done. Researchers who are interested in developing it for the better will be able to get a clear picture of the nanoscale, curves, experimental pictures, and ideas for further research development. We are very impressed with this book because the material and application are presented in a clear, detailed, and accomplished way. How each author explains the materials and applications of flexible supercapacitors is very convenient to understand. Because the explanation is equipped with pictures of materials, technology utilisation, and stages of using materials that can help readers understand the results of the research that has been done. However, unfortunately, for general readers or non-expert readers, it will be difficult to understand images, especially SEM results, because basic knowledge is needed, especially in the fields of physics and chemistry. We highly recommend this book as the best source for graduate-level students at the advanced undergraduate level, researchers, industrial engineers, and specifically in fields related to physics, chemistry, natural science, and also researchers who have an interest in nanomaterial research, chemicalphysics, or similar. The authors have effectively presented this comprehensive book through their excellent explanations. We are assured that this book will get full consideration as their ultimate source among the intended readers for flexible supercapacitor applications. Nevertheless, someone who does not have basic knowledge of physics and chemistry may be quite complicated to understand this book.","PeriodicalId":50620,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Physics","volume":"21 1","pages":"330 - 331"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75820193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The physics of phonons, 2nd edition 声子物理学，第二版

IF 2 4区物理与天体物理

Contemporary Physics Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/00107514.2023.2204086

Wandi Wandi, FaniMardianti

{"title":"The physics of phonons, 2nd edition","authors":"Wandi Wandi, FaniMardianti","doi":"10.1080/00107514.2023.2204086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00107514.2023.2204086","url":null,"abstract":"This is a welcome revision, about 30 years after the first edition, of one of the most comprehensive monographs on the theory of phonons. The author has made considerable contributions to research in many of the areas he describes. As well as introducing new topics, the updated edition covers new methods or improved techniques for the calculations covered in the first edition. The groundwork is established in the first two chapters, covering the elements of crystal symmetry and the reciprocal lattice and the semiclassical treatment of lattice dynamics moving from one to three dimensions, considering simple models of interatomic forces, and discussing lattice specific heat. This is followed by three comprehensive chapters on the ab initio calculation of phonons in the harmonic approximation, including both direct and linear response methods, anharmonicity, and lattice thermal conductivity, including relaxation-time, variational and linear response methods. Chapter 6 discusses the mechanisms of phonon scattering from imperfections, through anharmonic processes (including their ab initio treatment), and from interactions with electrons and magnetic impurities in semiconductors. The following chapter brings all of this together in the context of thermal conductivity, again progressing from simple phenomenological approaches to the latest quantitatively reliable calculations. The methods are illustrated with applications to a variety of bulk materials. The remaining seven chapters cover more specialised aspects of phonons. Some of these are for special geometries, such as surfaces, for special structures, such as layered crystals and nanocomposites, or for disordered materials such as impure and mixed crystals and quasi-crystalline and amorphous solids. The remaining topics are topological nanophononics and chiral phononics, phonon spectroscopy, and phonons in liquid helium. The approach throughout is theoretical and rigorous. Many experimental results are included and compared with the results from theory, but a reader seeking details of experimental methodsmust look elsewhere. A highlymathematical text such as this is not well suited to the VitalSource e-book: slow loading of chapters, excessive white space and mismatched symbol sizes make it very awkward to use. The publishers were kind enough to send me a printed version, which has been produced to a high standard. Misprints are infrequent (though there are occasional problems with ‘ab initio’), and the formulae are accurate. The extensive references include work up to 2021, and updated appendices bring the material on ab initio calculations up to date. The index has been completely revised for this edition, and in some parts is less helpful than that of the first edition. Although the revision is only 13 pages longer than the original, the larger page format and reduced size of figures have allowed a lotmorematerial to be included. This is an excellent monograph, worthy of a place on the shelf of","PeriodicalId":50620,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Physics","volume":"88 1","pages":"337 - 337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79384597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermodynamics of complex systems: principles and applications 复杂系统热力学:原理与应用

IF 2 4区物理与天体物理

Contemporary Physics Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/00107514.2023.2203112

J. Reid

{"title":"Thermodynamics of complex systems: principles and applications","authors":"J. Reid","doi":"10.1080/00107514.2023.2203112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00107514.2023.2203112","url":null,"abstract":"In his monograph, Pokrovskii gives an introduction to thermodynamics and the methods used to treat them, before extending the same approach and philosophy to a number of chemical, biological, and social structures. First, an accessible exposition of rudimentary thermodynamics is given, for those previously less acquainted with them, before proceeding to categorise equilibrium and nonequilibrium states, in dense introductory chapters. Following attention to the concept of the internal variables of a system, Pokrovskii’s contribution clarifies the relation of the several microstates of a system to its global state and equilibrium, demonstrating the power of statisticalmechanics. Entropy, to be understood, requires some consideration, from different perspectives, and thus the treatment that it receives here is beneficial. Alongside the rigorous definition of the concept, it would help to have further expansion upon the intuitive representations of it. Then, the tone shifts from a purely rigorous to a more creative one, and the multifarious applications of the fundamental principles discussed are illustrated, with extensive referencing of several works on the topics, including the author’s own. One standard instance of the statistical mechanical method of averaging over micro-scale phenomena to study global evolution is the well-known set of equations of fluid dynamics, which are usefully derived. Building upon ideas of entropy, complexity, and information, the exposition then turns to how complexity is produced, through the imposition and production of order, such as in manufacturing, and via biological evolution. Towards the end, an insightful link with population dynamics is shown, for those concerned with mathematical biology, leading into an application of thermodynamic ideas to that most curious of creatures, man. In turning towards anthropological structures, in which individuals are all agents contributing to the global system, Pokrovskii stretches thermodynamic concepts to apply to social and economic interactions in a novel and imaginative way, seeking to explain theories of Marx and Weber with the same mode of thinking, although the full formalism cannot be fully carried over to these. For later undergraduate students and researchers in the physical sciences, who are knowledgeable of and interested in thermodynamics, and in the associated description of a complex system through the interaction of its microscopic constituent elements, the book offers good instruction. In order to gain most from the mathematical treatment, readers benefit from knowledge of tensor calculus. For those interested and for more advanced readers, the footnotes provide a guide to more complex ideas, such as aspects of microphysics. Although well structured, some typographical errors affect the text. In parts of the book, some issues of translation and imperfections in the English can impair the readability. Incorporating a table of symbols and a glossary could also","PeriodicalId":50620,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Physics","volume":"14 1","pages":"329 - 329"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87167159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Precision spectroscopy of molecular hydrogen ions: an introduction 分子氢离子的精密光谱学:介绍

IF 2 4区物理与天体物理

Contemporary Physics Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/00107514.2023.2180180

S. Schiller

引用次数: 0