Contemporary Physics最新文献

{"title":"Tailored functional oxide nanomaterials: from design to multi-purpose applications","authors":"Erin Ficrah Huda, Suci Indah Putri","doi":"10.1080/00107514.2022.2154393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00107514.2022.2154393","url":null,"abstract":"will discuss in that chapter, therefore they can build an initial perception before reading the entire chapter. Interestingly, in each chaptermotivational quotes are presented. Although they don’t have relationwith thematerial, it can be a bit of an interesting intermezzo for the reader. There are eight chapters in this book which are very intertwined with each other and easy to follow. The first section is about anatomical and morphological preliminaries. It describes anatomical and morphological structure of the bladder. It also provides functional relationships between human urinary bladder with the regulatory growth and remodelling centres in the brain. The second section is about continual models of bladder tissue. It explains the general framework of the bladderwall soft tissue mechanics. The third section is about the models of the urinary bladder, which focusses on describing the bladder as a shell structure and the bladder as a soft bio shell. The next section is about signallingmechanisms. It describes the process of neurohormonal signalling in bladder tissue growth and remodelling. The fifth section is more about modelling the (intra)hypothalamic–pituitary axis. It provides existing mathematical models of electrical impulse transduction and modern trends and their pitfalls in the various modelling approaches. The next section is about growth and remodelling, including the kinematic, constrained mixture, homogenised constrained mixture models, and also advantages and disadvantages of each approach. The later section is the core part of the book, about brain–bladder axis in tissue growth and remodelling. You will find it very interesting to read this section. The authors end the chapters in this book with the question, ‘What is to follow?’ in Chapter 8. It discusses more how tomake a model reliable, model expansions in biomedicine and implementations in engineering. What we like is that the author immediately gives explanations for the biology abbreviations used. This makes it very easy for readers to quickly understand thematerial presented. Although no abbreviation is given in all chapters, the author has presented the acronyms page at the beginning of the book. The page contains a set of acronyms that are used throughout the book.Moreover, the authors use simple terms in mathematics and biology that are familiar to readers, for example algebraic, ordinary and partial differential equations and biological terminology. However, it is hoped that readers whowish to explore this book are already familiar with the basic principles of cell and molecular biology, biochemistry, differential equations and solid bodymechanics so that this book feels more comfortable to follow. What pleased us the most is, there is an appendix at the end of the book thatmakes it easier for readers to understand, evaluate, and replicate results or theories in research. The authors have been very detailed in explaining every material in the book. They always presen","PeriodicalId":50620,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Physics","volume":"18 1","pages":"243 - 244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77193493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interstellar objects","authors":"D. Seligman, Amaya Moro-Mart'in","doi":"10.1080/00107514.2023.2203976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00107514.2023.2203976","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Since 2017, two macroscopic interstellar objects have been discovered in the inner Solar System, both of which are distinct in nature. The first interstellar object, 1I/‘Oumuamua, passed within lunar distances of the Earth, appeared asteroidal lacking detectable levels of gas or dust loss, yet exhibited a nongravitational acceleration. 1I/‘Oumuamua's brief visit left open questions regarding its provenance which has given rise to many theoretical hypotheses, including an icy comet lacking a dust coma, an elongated fragment of a planet or planetesimal that was tidally disrupted, and an ultra-porous fractal aggregate. The second interstellar object, 2I/Borisov, was distinct from 1I/‘Oumuamua in terms of its bulk physical properties and displayed a definitive cometary tail. We review the discoveries of these objects, the subsequent observations and characterisations, and the theoretical hypotheses regarding their origins. We describe 1I/‘Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov in the context of active asteroids and comets in the Solar System. The discovery of these two objects implies a galactic-wide population of similar bodies. Forthcoming observatories should detect many more interstellar planetesimals which may offer new insights into how planetary formation processes vary throughout the Galaxy.","PeriodicalId":50620,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Physics","volume":"46 1","pages":"200 - 232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73513442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bionanomaterials for environmental and agricultural applications","authors":"P. Dobson","doi":"10.1080/00107514.2022.2154391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00107514.2022.2154391","url":null,"abstract":"The title of this book captured my interest immediately and the summary of chapter headings looked very promising. Over the years I have lectured on the applications of nanotechnology and mostly with respect to the impacts on humans in terms of safety, diagnostics and therapy, and one of the surprises for me, has been the relative neglect for the impact on plants. This is compounded by the importance of plants for food and the environment and the fact that plants grow in soils which have a very high percentage ofmicro and nanoparticles, and they contribute to aerosol particles in the air. I have also emphasised to my students that looking for effects of nanoparticles on plant cells does not require the expensive and strict regulatory protocols that are required for animals and humans! Despite all of this, there is a shortage of textbooks to help the interested reader and I hoped that this volume would fill this gap. The book is very nicely produced, and it is readable, with very extensive references for each of the 14 chapters. A descriptive style has been adopted which requires hardly any detailed prior knowledge of physics, chemistry ormathematics. However, herein lies the biggest shortcoming: there is a lack of rigour and also a lack of critical analysis. Of the 14 chapters there is some considerable overlap between them which could have been avoided. There are two on biosensors and that topic is repeated in other chapters. However, the treatment is rather superficial and lacks good explanation of the main science behind the sensor function and measurement. There are three chapters on wastewater treatment using nanomaterials and another two on environmental remediation, all with strong overlaps. There is hardly any quantification as to the valence state of toxic metals and the concentrations that occur, apart from one table which does not employ comparable units. Although they refer to World Health Organisation and the US Environment Protection Agency guidelines, there are no actual references to where these are published. Bionanocomposites are in two main chapters and are referred to elsewhere in the book. The treatment is very descriptive, withmany references, but there is no underlying structure to the presentation.Other chapters cover antimicrobial aspects of metals and their oxides as well as pesticide control, fertilisers and growth enhancement. Opportunities have been missed for discussion as to why some of the nanoparticles show antimicrobial properties. There is a separate chapter on the impact of bionanomaterials on the food industry. This is rather brief and again there is inconsistency in the use of units. Concentrations of analytes vary between grams per litre and molar concentrations and there are no definitive references to the regulations by different agencies. To be fair, much of the book will stimulate interest to those who are very new to the field of nanotechnology. So, what is missing? There is nothing on the aspects of so","PeriodicalId":50620,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Physics","volume":"80 1","pages":"242 - 242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76777991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transition Metal Oxides for Electrochemical Energy Storage","authors":"P. Dobson","doi":"10.1002/9783527817252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527817252","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50620,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Physics","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86450453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gravity, magnetic and electromagnetic gradiometry: strategic technologies in the 21st century, 2nd edition","authors":"A. Resnick","doi":"10.1080/00107514.2022.2154389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00107514.2022.2154389","url":null,"abstract":"According","PeriodicalId":50620,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Physics","volume":"43 1","pages":"158 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77414238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual and real labs for introductory physics II: optics, modern physics, and electromagnetism","authors":"M. Belsley","doi":"10.1080/00107514.2022.2128882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00107514.2022.2128882","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50620,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Physics","volume":"3 1","pages":"156 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84552452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum electronics for fundamental physics","authors":"S. Withington","doi":"10.1080/00107514.2023.2180179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00107514.2023.2180179","url":null,"abstract":"The emerging field of quantum sensors and electronics for fundamental physics is introduced, emphasising the role of thin-film superconducting devices. Although the next generation of ground-based and space-based experiments requires the development of advanced technology across the whole of the electromagnetic spectrum, this article focuses on ultra-low-noise techniques for radio to far-infrared wavelengths, where existing devices fall short of theoretical limits. Passive circuits, detectors and amplifiers are described from classical and quantum perspectives, and the sensitivities of detector-based and amplifier-based instruments discussed. Advances will be achieved through refinements in existing technology, but innovation is essential. The needed developments go beyond engineering and relate to theoretical studies that bring together concepts from quantum information theory, quantum field theory, classical circuit theory and device physics. This article has been written to introduce graduate-level scientists to quantum sensor physics, rather than as a formal review.","PeriodicalId":50620,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Physics","volume":"10 1","pages":"116 - 137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78363610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of MXene-based memristors in neuromorphic intelligence applications","authors":"Xiaojuan Lian, Yuelin Shi, Shiyu Li, Bingxin Ding, Chenfei Hua, Lei Wang","doi":"10.1080/00107514.2022.2160542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00107514.2022.2160542","url":null,"abstract":"MXenes are materials with a few thick layers of transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides and have received considerable attention because of their widespread application in energy storage in photonic diodes. In addition, nanoscale devices that include either an MXene layer only or a combination of MXene and other functional layers were found to exhibit multiple non-volatile resistance states when subjected to an electrical stimulus. Therefore, the MXene layer has most recently shown a strong liaison with the concept of the well-known memristor, whereby a variety of MXene-based memristors have been developed for emerging neuromorphic applications. Despite the current prosperity, the physics behind which MXene-based devices enable memristive behaviour remains vague, and the advantages and disadvantages of these reported MXene-based memristors in association with their performance comparisons are missing. To address these issues, we first presented different types of MXene-based memristors according to the constitutions of their active layers, and the possible physical mechanisms that govern the memristive behaviours of these memristors were analysed. The promising applications of the reported MXene-based memristors, particularly in the field of neuromorphic intelligence, are subsequently discussed. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of MXene-based memristors and their practical prospects are envisaged.","PeriodicalId":50620,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Physics","volume":"43 1","pages":"87 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79028568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"String theory and the real world: the visible sector, 2nd edition","authors":"M. Vogel","doi":"10.1080/00107514.2022.2140204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00107514.2022.2140204","url":null,"abstract":"exploration. Only in the very last activity on digital electronics is there an open challenge presented to the students. Missing is a short review of uncertainties and least squares fitting of linear functions. This despite a majority of activities directing the students to use Excel to obtain a best fit linear approximation to the ‘data points’. A short guide to the PhET simulation on least squares regression would have been a valuable addition. An important question is whether the text provides added value compared to the descriptions accompanying the PASCO experimental kits. Unfortunately, it seems that in his endeavour to make the simulation procedures as close as possible to what a student might experience with the equivalent Pasco kit, Professor Erenso has, at least in some cases, somewhat curtailed the ‘real’ activity. A pertinent example is the activity on resistors and Ohm’s law. The text guides the student in making current versus voltage drop measurements on a single resistor connected to a variable power supply, a task which is also easy to simulate in one of the PhET modules. The equivalent Pasco activity directs the student to also make measurements by replacing the resistor with an incandescent light bulb and a semiconductor diode. The student is then invited to consider why the light bulb despite being essentially a metallic filament does not obey a linear Ohm’s relation (and is of course much harder to simulate). Although it goes against themain premise of providing essentially equivalent virtual and real tracks that can be switched easily, one could argue that a more fruitful approach would be to leverage the strengths of virtual simulations to emphasise the key concepts and explore the relationship between the relevant experimental parameters as a pre-lab activity. Then building on this foundation, more open-ended experimental challenges could be proposed in the laboratory and the limits imposed by experimental uncertainty or unjustified idealizations could be explored. Finally, perhaps due to the sense of urgency provoked by the pandemic, when many students were locked out of the teaching laboratories, there are a few flaws in this first edition. The resolution of themajority of figures illustrating the virtual labs is low – they appear to be cropped screenshots. Several misprints are present. Given the simulations’ prominence, it is curious that the PhET project is often referred to as PhTH, while the University of Colorado at Boulder has been relocated to ‘at Boulevard’. More troubling is some confusion about the time-dependent Schrödinger equation in the introduction to atomic physics. Also, the theory presented is limited to describing the gross energy structure of the hydrogen atom. Because angular momentum is ignored, the virtual activity specifies, without justification, that the Bohr model should be used instead of the Schrödinger prediction which might reinforce common misconceptions about atomic electron orbits. In s","PeriodicalId":50620,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Physics","volume":"91 1","pages":"157 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83589459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using atom interferometry to measure gravity","authors":"S. Lellouch, K. Bongs, M. Holynski","doi":"10.1080/00107514.2023.2180860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00107514.2023.2180860","url":null,"abstract":"The interference of matter waves is a direct consequence of wave-particle duality and lies at the heart of quantum mechanics. Today, with the validity of quantum theory being widely ascertained, we are beyond proof-of-principle demonstrations and are transforming this phenomenon into a measurement tool for practical applications via the development of quantum technologies. Atom interferometry is a special type of quantum technology, which is particularly suitable for the detection of gravity. Its potential for absolute, low-drift measurements with options for noise suppression could bring wide-ranging benefits for applications that are important across economies. This journey from the laboratory into the real world of applications requires the understanding and mitigation of the effects of external influences on the system.","PeriodicalId":50620,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Physics","volume":"17 1","pages":"138 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83184012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}