DendrochronologiaPub Date : 2024-06-25DOI: 10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126233
Håkan Geijer , Fleury Ndongozi , Johannes Edvardsson
{"title":"Dendrochronology with a medical X-ray photon counting computed tomography scanner","authors":"Håkan Geijer , Fleury Ndongozi , Johannes Edvardsson","doi":"10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dendrochronology traditionally involves invasive techniques that might harm cultural heritage artifacts. Non-invasive approaches using X-ray technology and computed tomography (CT) have emerged, but dedicated CT systems are limited in availability. This study explored the viability of using a recently developed photon counting medical CT scanner for growth ring analysis. Six wood samples from pine, oak and beech with varying growth rates were studied. Comparisons were made between traditional methods and CT scanning with measurements performed on the untreated surface, a prepared surface and on CT images. For samples with annual rings wider than 0.3–0.4 mm, CT scanning performed well, while samples with thinner rings or indistinct ring boundaries presented challenges. The combination of traditional tree-ring measurements and analyses of CT scanned images might be a superior study approach generating extra data and information.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50595,"journal":{"name":"Dendrochronologia","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 126233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1125786524000705/pdfft?md5=c3859035277d14994049c56a9da9274f&pid=1-s2.0-S1125786524000705-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141541867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
DendrochronologiaPub Date : 2024-06-18DOI: 10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126232
Michele Colangelo , Cristina Valeriano , Ester González de Andrés , Manuel Pizarro , Enrique Murria , J. Julio Camarero
{"title":"Lack of management, land-use changes, poor site conditions and drought contribute to the decline of old pollarded oaks","authors":"Michele Colangelo , Cristina Valeriano , Ester González de Andrés , Manuel Pizarro , Enrique Murria , J. Julio Camarero","doi":"10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In Europe, people have managed forests and woodlands for centuries. Old pollarded oaks reflect historical legacies, and their conservation is threatened by the abandonment of this traditional forest use. However, site conditions (topography, soil features, land cover, and historical use) and warming-triggered drought stress also contribute to their growth decline, particularly in seasonally dry regions. We investigated two stands of pollarded Mediterranean oaks (<em>Quercus subpyrenaica</em>), where pollarding was abandoned in the 1950s, showing contrasting land cover and tree sizes in north-eastern Spain. Changes in land cover, soil characteristics (texture, pH, and nutrient concentrations), climate conditions, and tree-ring data (basal area increment −BAI−, and ring-width indices) were analysed. The Artosilla site, showing the smallest trees, presented the lowest long-term growth rates (period 1730−2022, mean BAI = 19.7 cm<sup>2</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>) as compared with the Aineto site with bigger oaks (mean BAI = 32.9 cm<sup>2</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>). Old trees were found in both sites with ages ranging 293−311 years. The less fertile soils in Artosilla, where pine plantations diminish canopy thermal amplitude, may contribute to the long-term growth decline observed there. Moreover, more major growth suppressions were found in this site, particularly in the 1940s, which suggest a more intensive historical use. Aineto showed a stronger BAI decline since the 1950s, which could be a response to increasingly warmer and drier summer conditions. In contrast, growth in Artosilla is decoupling from soil and atmospheric drought suggesting chronic growth stagnation. Poor site conditions (steeper slope, less fertile soils, intensive historical use) contributed to the decline of pollarded oaks. Active management is required to preserve these unique old, monumental trees.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50595,"journal":{"name":"Dendrochronologia","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 126232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1125786524000699/pdfft?md5=c2964c10e808db18671254d46b0081f4&pid=1-s2.0-S1125786524000699-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141434190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
DendrochronologiaPub Date : 2024-06-18DOI: 10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126219
Arman Abula , Yonghui Wang , Huaming Shang , Li Qin , Tongwen Zhang , Yi Jia , Ruibo Zhang
{"title":"Radial growth response of Populus euphratica and Picea schrenkiana to climate extremes on the arid southern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains","authors":"Arman Abula , Yonghui Wang , Huaming Shang , Li Qin , Tongwen Zhang , Yi Jia , Ruibo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With global warming, the frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme climate events are likely to escalate across a broad range of regions in the 21st century. However, the impacts of such extreme climate phenomena on forest ecosystems vary significantly across different geographical areas. Trees in arid zones tend to exhibit heightened sensitivity to climatic anomalies. This study uses dendrochronological methods to examine the relationship between climate extreme and two unique natural forests found on the southern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains—Diversifolious Poplar (<em>Populus euphratica</em> Oliv.) and Schrenk spruce (<em>Picea schrenkiana</em> Fisch. et Mey.). The findings reveal a high degree of climate sensitivity in <em>P. schrenkiana</em>, in contrast to the relative stability of <em>P. euphratica</em>. The warming trend has notably altered the growth responses of both species to extreme climate events, with <em>P. euphratica</em>, due to its lower elevation habitat, experiencing more pronounced effects from extreme precipitation events compared to <em>P. schrenkiana</em>. These outcomes underscore the substantial perturbations that extreme climate changes can inflict upon radial tree growth. In light of these findings, tailored management and conservation strategies should be implemented for distinct climate extremes and tree species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50595,"journal":{"name":"Dendrochronologia","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 126219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141438094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
DendrochronologiaPub Date : 2024-06-13DOI: 10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126228
Mahsa Mirzakhani , Hossein Moradi , Matthew Therrell , Andrea Seim , Rasoul Yousefpour , Ehsan Safari , Kambiz Pourtahmasi , Willy Tegel , Mohammad Nemati Varnosfaderany , Hans-Peter Kahle
{"title":"The dendroclimatic and dendrohydrologic potential of riparian plane trees (Platanus orientalis) along the Zayandeh-Rud River, Iran","authors":"Mahsa Mirzakhani , Hossein Moradi , Matthew Therrell , Andrea Seim , Rasoul Yousefpour , Ehsan Safari , Kambiz Pourtahmasi , Willy Tegel , Mohammad Nemati Varnosfaderany , Hans-Peter Kahle","doi":"10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Platanus orientalis</em> is a key riparian species in central Iran with the potential to serve as a climate and streamflow proxy within this region. However, there are limited studies concerning its dendrochronological potential and climate-growth relationships. Therefore, this study investigates the dendroclimatic potential of <em>P. orientalis</em> along the riparian ecosystem of the Zayandeh-Rud River in central Iran. A total of 50 trees were sampled and analyzed at two distinct basin sites, representing varying elevations, climate characteristics, and water availability. Our findings reveal that the tree-ring width index (TRWI) at the lower basin site, which is characterized by higher temperatures, and lower precipitation, is positively affected by streamflow in May and July. This relationship is highly dependent on the amount of precipitation in the upper and lower basin sites. Moreover, analyses reveal a significant negative relationship between TRWI and temperature during the growing season at the lower basin site. In contrast, trees at the upper basin site, characterized by higher precipitation, show weaker climate-growth relationships. These findings imply that <em>P. orientalis</em> tree-rings could provide insight into long-term climatic patterns within riparian ecosystems in central Iran.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50595,"journal":{"name":"Dendrochronologia","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 126228"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141398886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ring- and diffuse-porous tree species coexisting in cold and humid temperate forest diverge in stem and leaf phenology","authors":"Xiao-Han Yin , Ute Sass-Klaassen , Guang-You Hao , Frank Sterck","doi":"10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Leaf and stem phenology are critical drivers of tree growth patterns in seasonal climates, but the implications for species differences in radial stem growth dynamics are still poorly studied. In our study, we compared the leaf phenology and stem phenology with the underlying cell development as well as annual stem growth between five diffuse-porous (DP) and five ring-porous (RP) coexisting angiosperm species in cold and humid temperate forests. Our results show that RP species unfolded leaves later but initiated wood growth earlier compared to DP species. Yet, xylem vessel maturation in the stem started in June and was remarkably synchronized between DP and RP, which implies that species from both functional groups can effectively avoid vessel cavitation potentially triggered by late spring frost. DP species exhibited one peak in stem growth across the growing season reflecting a uniform vessel formation pattern. Instead, RP species exhibited two peaks in stem growth, with the first peak reflecting expansion of early-wood vessels and the second peak related to subsequent fiber and vessel proliferation in the late-wood. In general, species with a greater number of growth days from the start of cambium activity until full lignification of cells exhibited higher annual stem growth, regardless of species group. The observed differences in leaf and stem phenology between DP and RP species are discussed with respect to the adaptation potential of the two functional groups to changing climate conditions in cold and humid temperate forests.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50595,"journal":{"name":"Dendrochronologia","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 126220"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141323488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dendroclimatology of Araucaria angustifolia: Assessing climatic responses in sites under similar ecological conditions","authors":"Bruna Borne Arenhardt , Gabriela Morais Olmedo , Marcelo Callegari Scipioni , Cláudia Fontana , Juliano Morales de Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dendrochronological studies have increasingly explored tropical and subtropical trees, mainly focusing on their climatic signals. In the neotropics, growth ring width chronologies of <em>Araucaria angustifolia</em> have been developed at several localities in the south of its distribution, in the Atlantic forest biome. However, the signals identified in these studies indicate different patterns of growth response to climate. Understanding the causes of this variability in dendroclimatic signals is important to guide future dendrochronological studies with <em>A. angustifolia</em>. In this work we test the premise that at independent sites, but under similar environmental conditions, chronologies of <em>A. angustifolia</em> exhibit a common growth signal determined by limiting climatic conditions. We developed a new ring width chronology and correlated it with another one already published, both located in Curitibanos municipality, Santa Catarina state, Brazil and with similar climatic, edaphic and vegetational conditions. The chronologies, with reasonable level of internal growth synchrony and sampling effort, showed a common growth signal of moderate magnitude. This common growth pattern between the sites, represented by a regional chronology, showed significant correlations with local climatic variable and with El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), with weak magnitudes. Partial correlations showed that this set of climatic variables was determinant of the common signal between the sites. Our results confirm the validity of the tested premise. Under the conditions studied, the growth response of <em>A. angustifolia</em> to climate is driven by yearly variation in temperature, which operate at different stages of the annual growth cycle and are influenced by ENSO. The low sensitivity of growth to climate is possibly related to the combined influence of multiple climatic factors and/or to moderate growth variability within sites. The multiplicity of climatic factors influencing growth of <em>A. angustifolia</em> trees may also explain some variability of climatic signals reported for with this species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50595,"journal":{"name":"Dendrochronologia","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 126216"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141143164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
DendrochronologiaPub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126218
Augusto Akio Lucchezi Miyahara , Giuliano Maselli Locosselli
{"title":"Challenges and advances in intra-annual tree-ring stable isotope research, a systematic review","authors":"Augusto Akio Lucchezi Miyahara , Giuliano Maselli Locosselli","doi":"10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The intra-annual stable isotope approach emerged in the 1970s as a cornerstone in dendrochronology temporal resolution. Despite the recent progress, it still grapples with methodological and interpretation hurdles that limit its potential. Aiming at stepping forward and envisaging the systematization of the intra-annual approach, we systematically reviewed the literature using a search expression on SCOPUS that resulted in 132 eligible studies. From each study, we gathered data on sampling sites, stable isotopes, studies’ goals, sampling methods, and results interpretation. This review points to geographical biases reflecting the early dendrochronological development in temperate sites, disbelief in tropical tree rings, and the eventual limited access to high-end methods in developing countries. Although methods like laser microdissection and ablation-combustion open new research avenues, cheap razor blades are the primary sampling tool. If sampling is not the bottleneck, the number of analyses is because of the trade-off between the number of intra-annual samples and the chronology length observed in the studies. Dendroecological studies rely on dozens of intra-annual samples obtained across short tree-ring series, whereas dendroclimatological studies assess a few segments, often earlywood and latewood, over centuries-long series. We also identified two main approaches in the analyses of the intra-annual data, either the studies obtained intra-ring samples and analyzed them on an interannual basis using long-established dendrochronological methods to address common question in dendroclimatology and dendroecology, or they analyzed the seasonal variability of the intra-annual stable isotopes using novel statistical approaches addressing new research questions. These questions range from the potential to reconstruct short-term extreme climate events to a detailed evaluation of the responses of trees to environmental stress. Based on the analyses of these studies, we bring five propositions for methodological advances and discuss future research avenues. These prospects and propositions are a starting point for systmatizing the intra-annual stable isotope approach and fostering research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50595,"journal":{"name":"Dendrochronologia","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 126218"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141244598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
DendrochronologiaPub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126217
Grigoriy Lozhkin , Ekaterina Dolgova , Vladimir Matskovsky
{"title":"A python package implementing Direct Reconstruction Technique (DIRECT) for dendroclimatological studies","authors":"Grigoriy Lozhkin , Ekaterina Dolgova , Vladimir Matskovsky","doi":"10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The DIrect REConstruction Technique (DIRECT) is a dendroclimatological method that constructs a climatic response surface to account for changes of climatic response with tree age. This surface is then used as a transfer function for climatic reconstructions. Unlike widely-used standardization methods such as the traditional curve-fitting approach, the regional curve standardization, and their signal-free modifications that perform detrending explicitly, DIRECT accounts for age-size related trend in tree-ring measurements by construction of the response surface dependent on two variables: tree-ring parameter (width, blue intensity etc.) and cambial age. The method is capable of taking into account nonlinear climatic response of trees and differing response of younger and older trees. Here we describe an application of the newly developed open-source Python package that implements DIRECT (<span>https://github.com/Gr1Lo/direct</span><svg><path></path></svg>) to one real and one theoretical dataset. The package consists of functions for reading the initial data, constructing a response surface, and for reconstructing climate variables via this surface. The functions for visual assessment of the initial data and for the estimation and selection of parameters for constructing the response surface are also presented. Also here we provide a comparison of the DIRECT method with traditional standardization-reconstruction routines.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50595,"journal":{"name":"Dendrochronologia","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 126217"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141289179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
DendrochronologiaPub Date : 2024-05-22DOI: 10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126210
L. Francon , J. Edvardsson , C. Corona , M. Stoffel
{"title":"The timing of wood formation in peatland trees as obtained with different approaches","authors":"L. Francon , J. Edvardsson , C. Corona , M. Stoffel","doi":"10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dendrometers offer valuable insights into how tree growth responds to climatic variables and physiological processes over the course of a year. Yet, their applicability to extremely slow-growing trees, such as those in peatlands, has been limited due to the intricate and slow nature of growth, therefore rendering interpretation of results complex. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive monitoring of tree wood formation in both peatland and mineral soil ecosystems in southern Sweden (58.37 N, 12.17 E, 75 m asl) in 2021 and 2022, using both band and point dendrometers. To verify and validate the dendrometer data, we also sampled microcores every two weeks during both growing seasons. We find that peatland trees grow at approximately 30 % the rate of their neighbors on mineral soils. The onset of growth among peatland trees typically occurs between mid-May and early June, consistently lagging the start of the growing season in trees on mineral soils by one to three weeks. Notably, growth peaks are synchronized across peatland trees and coincide with the summer solstice. Both types of dendrometers exhibit varying degrees of accuracy depending on the phenological stages measured. They perform well in identifying growth onset and peak but are less effective at detecting growth cessation. Point dendrometers demonstrate superior accuracy as they better capture daily irreversible growth increments. In the case of band dendrometers, growth increments are obscured by greater reversible fluctuations in dead bark tissues. However, they remain valuable for tracking the wood phenology of trees with growth rates exceeding 2 mm/year. Based on our results, for an effective tree monitoring in peatlands, we strongly recommend (1) using point dendrometers and (2) removing the dead bark tissues on monitored trees.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50595,"journal":{"name":"Dendrochronologia","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 126210"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141095885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
DendrochronologiaPub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126215
Filipe Campelo , J. Julio Camarero
{"title":"Temperature-photoperiod interactions improve simulations of early xylem phenology: Refining the Vaganov-Shashkin growth model","authors":"Filipe Campelo , J. Julio Camarero","doi":"10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wood formation plays a crucial role in forest productivity and carbon sequestration. Changes in early xylem phenology influence wood development (xylogenesis) and tree growth, thereby affecting carbon uptake by forests. However, a deeper understanding of long-term shifts in spring growth phenology in response to climate warming is lacking. Process-based simulation models, such as the Vaganov-Shashkin (VS) growth model, could be used to simulate and trace shifts in spring growth phenology. We propose upgrading the VS model with a new function that considers the temperature-photoperiod interaction and improves the simulation of growth onset timings. To assess this refined VS model, we compared the early growing xylogenesis phases of two conifers (<em>Pinus pinaster</em> and <em>Pinus sylvestris</em>) and two ring-porous oaks (<em>Quercus faginea</em> and <em>Quercus pyrenacia</em>) coexisting in a Mediterranean continental site located in Soria, central Spain. The improved VS model successfully simulated early growing season xylogenesis during the warm-dry 2012 year, which can be considered analogous to the forecasted warmer scenarios in the 21st century. The upgraded VS model improved its ability to simulate growth onset, demonstrating the importance of considering both temperature and photoperiod. The model was then used to simulate spring phenology considering two Representative Concentration Pathways scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) with different warming rates. An earlier, but species-specific, xylem onset was forecasted for the four tree species in response to warmer spring conditions in the late 21st century.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50595,"journal":{"name":"Dendrochronologia","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 126215"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1125786524000523/pdfft?md5=aa6d3c5796e0dbba30d57eb226bbfa03&pid=1-s2.0-S1125786524000523-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141043352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}