Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development最新文献_第6页

Peasants' land rights and the hollowing out of communal property management in rural China 中国农村的农民土地权利与公有财产管理的空心化

Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2023.131.021

Xiaoyu Yu

{"title":"Peasants' land rights and the hollowing out of communal property management in rural China","authors":"Xiaoyu Yu","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.131.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.131.021","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, China has strengthened the land rights of peasants while weakening the system of communal ownership of rural land. This study explores the rationale of land ownership policies enacted in China since 1978 to understand the trend toward privatization. Commonly, support for land ownership privatization has rested on two main assumptions. First, it is seen as a means to protect peasants’ interests and stimulate investment in agricultural production. Second, well-defined property rights may facilitate the transfer of land, thereby reducing transaction costs, and promoting the efficient utilization of land resources. However, this study finds that these assumptions in favor of strengthening peasants’ individual land rights are not borne out in the strategic behavior of land-rights holders. The ambiguity in how the Chinese household registration system qualifies who is a peasant, and thereby endowed with rights, has effectively allowed urban migrants to retain significant control over the majority of rural land while showing little interest in local village affairs. Quali¬tative research conducted in Anhui province reveals that instead of privatization promoting efficient land utilization, it creates a divide between land managed by local peasants who have remained committed to continuous cultivation and supplying fresh food, and land managed by absentees, which is often left idle for years or underutilized. This study contends that many elements of the increasingly marginalized communal land system are conducive to ensuring local food security, maintaining active rural governance, and preserving the social cohesion of rural communities.","PeriodicalId":505953,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139169251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Toward a more profitable value chain for New York state onions 为纽约州的洋葱打造更有利可图的价值链

Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2023.131.022

Philippe Jeanneaux

{"title":"Toward a more profitable value chain for New York state onions","authors":"Philippe Jeanneaux","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.131.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.131.022","url":null,"abstract":"For many years, New York onion growers enjoyed a leadership position in the U.S. onion supply due to a combination of advantages, including unique soil and climate conditions and proximity to large, diverse markets. However, trends suggest that these advantages are disappearing as global competitors offer comparable, but lower-cost, undiffer¬entiated onions. As a result, the current production and marketing approaches of New York onion growers are not particularly effective. New York onion growers are presently competing in a race with each other and growers in other regions to produce high volumes of cheap commodity onions. The question thus becomes: Can onion producers continue this race, in which they seem unable to win because the competition is so fierce? Onion growers in New York state wish to understand onion-marketing dynamics in the U.S. and especially in New York state. By learning more about the market for onions, they may discover a new competitive advantage based on the strategy of differentiation, which could increase their value among all stakeholders of the value chain. In this commentary, I present a summary of a report I have written entitled “Analysis of the U.S. Onion Industry with a Focus on New York State Issues,” and I make the case that New York state’s onion growers have an opportunity to reverse their fortunes.","PeriodicalId":505953,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development","volume":"26 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139169543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fairer farms in the USA: Exploring the implications of the Fair Trade USA certification for farmer worker health and wellbeing at the first certified farm in the U.S. 美国更公平的农场：探索美国公平贸易认证对美国首个认证农场的农民工健康和福祉的影响。

Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2023.131.019

Alissa Bilfield, Edmundo Hernandez

{"title":"Fairer farms in the USA: Exploring the implications of the Fair Trade USA certification for farmer worker health and wellbeing at the first certified farm in the U.S.","authors":"Alissa Bilfield, Edmundo Hernandez","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.131.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.131.019","url":null,"abstract":"Decades of interdisciplinary research suggest that fair trade certification may have significant implications for the development of more equitable and sustainable agricultural practices. The certification was originally established to support smallholder farming cooperatives in developing countries. However, a recent organizational division separating Fairtrade International from Fair Trade USA has created a bifurcation in certification standards.[1] Under the new Fair Trade USA program, the first domestic certification standard for U.S.-based farms is now being implemented. The aim of this study is to understand the impact of the new certification on farm operations and farm worker wellbeing at the first U.S. fair trade certified farm, from the perspectives of farm workers, farm management, and the supply chain. The initial findings from this limited exploratory study indicate that the certification can be used as a tool to improve farm worker empowerment while also providing material benefits and resources. More research is needed to determine the long-term impact and feasibility of more widespread implementation.","PeriodicalId":505953,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development","volume":"251 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139172028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examining the history of trust within Appalachian coal camps 考察阿巴拉契亚煤炭营地的信任历史

Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development Pub Date : 2023-12-17 DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2023.131.020

Angel Smothers, Kristen Goins, Tanner Cole, Jaylyne Morgan, Erin Young, Kylie Young

引用次数: 0

Nourishing student success and wellbeing: Unveiling the impact of food environments on student food security challenges through a case study from Montana 滋养学生的成功与幸福：通过蒙大拿州的案例研究揭示食品环境对学生食品安全挑战的影响

Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2023.131.017

Teresa Warne, Roland Ebel, Selena Ahmed

{"title":"Nourishing student success and wellbeing: Unveiling the impact of food environments on student food security challenges through a case study from Montana","authors":"Teresa Warne, Roland Ebel, Selena Ahmed","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.131.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.131.017","url":null,"abstract":"Food insecurity among U.S. college and university students surpasses respective levels in the general population. Previous research has primarily focused on demographic and economic explanations, neglecting other risk factors such as student place of residence and specific food environments. In addition, most studies have been conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic, which further exacerbated food security challenges. To address these gaps, our comprehensive case study at Montana State University (MSU) assessed risk factors for student food insecurity, considering food access and the students’ food environments. From March to November 2020, we collected online survey responses from a diverse sample of 443 MSU students. Approximately one–third experienced food insecurity during this period, with their food insecurity status linked to housing type and academic level. Despite students' reported knowledge of healthy diets and cooking skills, consuming inadequate and insufficient food had a significant impact on their dietary quality, well-being, and physical and mental health. Just under half of the surveyed students (44%) reported increased difficulties in accessing food due to the pandemic. Addressing food insecurity among college students is crucial for their well-being and academic success, not only because of additional stressors such as COVID-19. Dealing with food insecurity requires improving economic situations and creating a reliable and diverse food environment that ensures affordable, healthy, safe, convenient, desirable, and sustainable food options. Special increased support from universities and governments should be given to students living off-campus. By recognizing these unique challenges and implementing targeted interventions, we can foster a supportive food environment for students.","PeriodicalId":505953,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development","volume":"197 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139184081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Northeastern bakers' views on organic and regeneratively certified flours 东北面包师对有机和再生认证面粉的看法

Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2023.131.018

Karen Simons

引用次数: 0

Non-market distribution serves society in ways markets cannot: A tentative defense of food charity from small-town New England 非市场分配以市场无法做到的方式为社会服务：来自新英格兰小镇的食品慈善事业的初步辩护

Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2023.131.016

Sam Bliss, Ava Hill, Alexandra Bramsen, Raven Graziano, Saharay Perez Sahagun, Flora Krivak-Tetley

{"title":"Non-market distribution serves society in ways markets cannot: A tentative defense of food charity from small-town New England","authors":"Sam Bliss, Ava Hill, Alexandra Bramsen, Raven Graziano, Saharay Perez Sahagun, Flora Krivak-Tetley","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.131.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.131.016","url":null,"abstract":"It has become fashionable to call for ending food charity. Anti-hunger activists and scholars advocate instead for ensuring through government programs that everybody has enough money or vouchers to purchase all the food they need. Their criticisms rightly denounce charitable food for being incapable of eradicating hunger, but they neglect the advantages that charity confers as a non-market food practice—that is, an activity that produces or distributes food that is not for sale. Our interviews with non-market food practitioners in the Brattleboro, Vermont, area demonstrated that distributing food for free strengthens relationships, fosters resilience, puts edible-but-not-sellable food to use, and aligns with an alternative, non-market vision of a desirable food future. Interviewees suggested that market food systems, in which food is distributed via selling it, cannot replicate these benefits. Yet food pantries and soup kitchens tend to imitate supermarkets and restaurants—their market counterparts—since purchasing food is considered the dignified way to feed oneself in a market economy. We suggest that charities might do well to emphasize the benefits specific to non-market food rather than suppressing those benefits by mimicking markets. But charities face limits to making their food distribution dignified, since they are essentially hierarchies that funnel gifts from well-off people to poor people. Food sharing among equals is an elusive ambition in this highly unequal world, yet it is only by moving in this direction that non-market food distribution can serve society without stigmatizing recipients.","PeriodicalId":505953,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development","volume":"14 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139183161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Food insecurity in Yukon communities during COVID-19: A qualitative study COVID-19 期间育空社区的粮食不安全状况：定性研究

Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2023.131.015

Sara McPhee-Knowles, David Gatensby

{"title":"Food insecurity in Yukon communities during COVID-19: A qualitative study","authors":"Sara McPhee-Knowles, David Gatensby","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.131.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.131.015","url":null,"abstract":"Food insecurity increased in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic; in the Yukon Territory, the Whitehorse Food Bank saw its scope increase significantly as smaller Yukon communities were requesting deliveries of food while travel restrictions were in place. In this qualitative study, the researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with food bank clients in Whitehorse and two smaller Yukon communities, as well as representatives of other organizations that were involved in community food security initiatives. The results revealed five main themes emerging from shared client experiences and impacts from the pandemic: emphasis on the hamper as core food on an ongoing basis, the importance of traditional foods, food insecurity and access, the role of the Whitehorse Food Bank in supporting informal networks in communities, and ideal food situations that focused on an abundance of fresh and land-based foods. The results show some contrast between needs in Whitehorse and needs in smaller, more remote Yukon communities. Because of limited access to fresh foods in communities outside of Whitehorse, merely increasing income supports would not completely alleviate food insecurity for these participants, who they lack physical access as well as economic access to fresh, preferred foods.","PeriodicalId":505953,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139233748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Engaging rural youth in strengthening the local food movement in India 让农村青年参与加强印度的地方食品运动

Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development Pub Date : 2023-11-22 DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2023.131.012

Ishwari Bisht

引用次数: 0

Nutrition education centers: A community-based approach to management of malnutrition 营养教育中心：以社区为基础的营养不良管理方法

Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2023.131.010

Samuel Ikendi, Francis Owusu, D. Masinde, Ann Oberhauser, Carmen Bain

{"title":"Nutrition education centers: A community-based approach to management of malnutrition","authors":"Samuel Ikendi, Francis Owusu, D. Masinde, Ann Oberhauser, Carmen Bain","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.131.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.131.010","url":null,"abstract":"First paragraph: Nutritional health is a core aspect of sustainable development. Globally, progress has been made in reducing child stunting and promoting exclusive breastfeeding; nevertheless, anemia, malnourishment of mothers and children, and general food insecurity are still persistent, requiring multifaceted approaches to address those challenges (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [FAO] et al., 2022). Uganda, the location of this case study, adopted both global and regional strategies. For example, Uganda is a signatory to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targeting an end to all forms of malnutrition by 2030 (United Nations, 2015). Regionally, Uganda is also a signatory to the 2014 Malabo Declaration, which aimed at enhancing food production and reducing malnutrition by 2025 (African Union, 2014). The Uganda Nutrition Action Plan I (UNAP) of 2011-2016 made gains in reducing child stunting from 33% to 29% and wasting from 5% to 4%. However, mothers and children’s malnourishment persists (Office of the Prime Minister [OPM], 2020). The UNAP II 2020-2025 targets reducing malnutrition by leveraging collaborations to improve the functionality of nutrition intervention programs (OPM, 2020). . . .","PeriodicalId":505953,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development","volume":"46 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139264040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0