Visnik Nacional’nogo universitetu «Lvivska politehnika». Seria: Uridicni nauki最新文献

{"title":"Examples of a single person performing a comprehensive forensic examination","authors":"Markiyan Korchuk, V. Baranyak","doi":"10.23939/law2023.39.192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/law2023.39.192","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses examples of a single person performing a comprehensive forensic examination of metals and explosives. Comprehensive examinations are appointed in cases where the expert task cannot be solved on the basis of one branch of knowledge. In order to meet the procedural requirement of completeness, comprehensiveness and objectivity of proof, it is necessary to integrate various branches of specialised knowledge. According to one point of view, a comprehensive examination may be conducted by one expert who has knowledge of various fields of science, technology, etc., i.e., who has the right to conduct research in several forensic specialties. In this case, the procedural feature of a comprehensive examination is replaced by the cognitive features of a comprehensive expert study. In practice, the solution of any expert task requires the use of a set of methods aimed at establishing various properties of the objects provided for examination In the course of a comprehensive examination to determine the design of an explosive device, the conclusion of a comprehensive explosive and chemical examination used the special knowledge of a chemist expert who determined the elemental composition of the metal and a metallurgist who studied the structure and phase composition of the metal. The type of explosive was determined by microscopic, chemical, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and infrared spectroscopy (IRS). Metal objects were examined by X-ray (diffractometric) and microstructural (grinding method) analysis. To determine the physical characteristics and chemical composition of the metal powder, microscopic, chemical, emission spectral analysis and X-ray diffraction methods were used.","PeriodicalId":505933,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Nacional’nogo universitetu «Lvivska politehnika». Seria: Uridicni nauki","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139349626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern principles of administrative and legal support for the activities of judicial bodies as subjects of protection of the right of citizens to an environment safe for life and health in Ukraine","authors":"Uliana Kostiuk","doi":"10.23939/law2023.39.088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/law2023.39.088","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the problem of identifying the main principles of administrative and legal support for the activities of judicial bodies as subjects of protection of the right of citizens to an environment safe for life and health in Ukraine. Special attention is paid to the regulatory and legal principles of administrative and legal support for the activities of judicial bodies as subjects of protection of the right of citizens to an environment safe for life and health in Ukraine. It was established that they determine the competence of judicial bodies, fix the procedure for the implementation of administrative justice in such cases, determine the procedural rights of the participants in the trial, etc. Normative and legal principles are a reflection of the institutional principles of the functioning of the judicial power, and are evidence of the normatively defined special role of judicial bodies in Ukrainian society as subjects of protection of the right of citizens to an environment safe for life and health. The organizational and legal principles of administrative and legal support for the activities of judicial bodies as subjects of protection of the right of citizens to an environment safe for life and health in Ukraine have been analyzed. The principles (principles) of administrative proceedings fixed in Part 3 of Article 2 of the Code of Administrative Procedure. It has been established that the judicial principles of administrative and legal support for the activities of judicial bodies (organizational - in the narrow sense) are evidence of the stability of the judicial system, the organizational ability to guarantee the protection of citizens' rights in the field of the environment. It was established that the achievement of the principle of the effectiveness of the functioning of judicial authorities in the defined sphere is essential for all administrative and legal support of the activities of judicial bodies as subjects of protection of the right of citizens to an environment safe for life and health in Ukraine. It is recognized that new challenges and threats existing in Ukraine must be taken into account on the way to increase efficiency, and the system of administrative and legal support itself must be transformed under the influence of modern trends in the field of justice. The processes of improving the efficiency of the communication system of bodies and institutions of judicial power, digitalization of judicial activity, ensuring public access, information availability and openness of judicial bodies are characterized.","PeriodicalId":505933,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Nacional’nogo universitetu «Lvivska politehnika». Seria: Uridicni nauki","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139349667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}