Earthquake Spectra最新文献_第4页

Elevated collapse risk based on decaying aftershock hazard and damaged building fragilities 基于衰减的余震危害和受损建筑的脆弱性，倒塌风险升高

Earthquake Spectra Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1177/87552930231220549

A. Hulsey, Francisco A Galvis, J. Baker, G. Deierlein

{"title":"Elevated collapse risk based on decaying aftershock hazard and damaged building fragilities","authors":"A. Hulsey, Francisco A Galvis, J. Baker, G. Deierlein","doi":"10.1177/87552930231220549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930231220549","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a framework to support postearthquake building safety and reoccupancy decisions by quantifying the change in building collapse risk following a mainshock earthquake event. This risk may be exacerbated by both an increase in seismic hazard due to aftershock activity and a reduction in building collapse resistance due to structural damage. To address these factors, the framework is based on a hazard that includes (1) both the steady-state and the aftershock occurrence rates, that is, the elevated hazard that accounts for the dependence on the mainshock magnitude and the aftershock rate that decays over time, and (2) revised collapse fragility functions that account for structural damage sustained during the mainshock. The framework is capable of addressing region-specific questions such as (1) What are the mainshock magnitudes for which aftershocks pose a life-safety concern? (2) How long does it take for the elevated risk due to aftershocks to dissipate? and (3) What gaps in current knowledge deserve further attention from the earthquake engineering and seismology communities? The framework addresses these questions for a 20-story building in San Francisco, assuming three different, hypothetical mainshock events of magnitudes 7,7.5, and 8 M W on the San Andreas fault. This is followed by a parametric study that considers a range of buildings and provides a graphical representation of the elevated risk to inform building evaluation (tagging) decisions, based on the intact building’s collapse capacity, the amount of structural damage, and the length of time after the mainshock.","PeriodicalId":505879,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Spectra","volume":"68 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139385488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A refined simulation method of building earthquake evacuation processes considering multi-exits and time-variant velocities 考虑到多出口和时变速度的建筑地震疏散过程精细模拟方法

Earthquake Spectra Pub Date : 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.1177/87552930231222896

Yinghao Duan, Chenyun Li, Jun He

引用次数: 0

Shallow three-dimensional shear wave velocity model for the Mexico City Basin 墨西哥城盆地浅层三维剪切波速度模型

Earthquake Spectra Pub Date : 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.1177/87552930231222458

Clinton M Wood, Rendon M Rieth, Salman Rahimi, Mohammadyar Rahimi, Alejandro Rosado‐Fuentes, Juan M Mayoral, Daniel de la Rosa, F. Sánchez-Sesma, Hugo Cruz-Jiménez

{"title":"Shallow three-dimensional shear wave velocity model for the Mexico City Basin","authors":"Clinton M Wood, Rendon M Rieth, Salman Rahimi, Mohammadyar Rahimi, Alejandro Rosado‐Fuentes, Juan M Mayoral, Daniel de la Rosa, F. Sánchez-Sesma, Hugo Cruz-Jiménez","doi":"10.1177/87552930231222458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930231222458","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a simplified shallow three-dimensional shear wave velocity (Vs) model is presented for the Mexico City Basin. To this end, previous studies were carefully reviewed to assemble a database of Vs and site period measurements for the region. The new site period measurements obtained at the western edge of the Basin were compared to the existing 2004 Complementary Technical Standards of Mexico site period nominal map, the Lermo et al. site period map, and Design Seismic Actions System (SASID) site period predictions. Each site period prediction method was shown to have differences with respect to the new measurements along the western edge of the Basin. However, there was no bias for the prediction methods with the Lermo et al. and SASID predictions, demonstrating less error between the measured values than the NTC predictions. To develop the three-dimensional Vs model, the shallow (top 60 m) subsurface was divided into five generalized soil layers. The site period was used as the only input for the three-dimensional Vs model to simplify and maximize the model’s applicability. The performance of the model was assessed by comparing the measured and predicted Vs profiles. Overall, the three-dimensional Vs model developed in this study is a valuable tool that can be used along with geophysical estimates of deeper structure for ground motion modeling and preliminary site response studies along with other benefits to the seismic resiliency of the region.","PeriodicalId":505879,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Spectra","volume":"47 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139451783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental-based numerical simulation of interacting suspended ceiling-sprinkler piping systems 基于实验的交互式吊顶喷灌管道系统数值模拟

Earthquake Spectra Pub Date : 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.1177/87552930231211296

S. Soroushian, Razieh Rezvani, A. Zaghi, M. Maragakis

引用次数: 0

Mean-to-median spectral acceleration ratios in Senior Seismic Hazard Analysis Committee Level 3 probabilistic seismic hazard analyses: An analysis of reported results 高级地震危害分析委员会三级概率地震危害分析中的平均加速度谱中值比：对报告结果的分析

Earthquake Spectra Pub Date : 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.1177/87552930231217003

Alessandro Valentini, Francisco Beltran

{"title":"Mean-to-median spectral acceleration ratios in Senior Seismic Hazard Analysis Committee Level 3 probabilistic seismic hazard analyses: An analysis of reported results","authors":"Alessandro Valentini, Francisco Beltran","doi":"10.1177/87552930231217003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930231217003","url":null,"abstract":"In many countries, seismic characterization of the site selected for a critical structure or industrial facility is required in terms of site-specific seismic ground motion hazard. For this purpose, a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), performed under the Senior Seismic Hazard Analysis Committee (SSHAC) protocol, is an extended practice for nuclear facilities. In the past decade, SSHAC Level 3 studies have been performed for sites in North America, Europe, Japan, Taiwan, and South Africa. When analyzing PSHA results, the mean-to-median spectral acceleration ratios given by the hazard curves can be interpreted as a measure of the degree of epistemic uncertainty associated with the results. In this article, results of 33 SSHAC Level 3 studies have been used to determine mean-to-median spectral acceleration ratios and the statistics of these ratios, as a function of spectral frequency and annual frequency of exceedance (AFE). The purpose was to develop a reference for the range of uncertainty that is typically captured in this kind of studies. It has been found that, for a given AFE, ratios corresponding to different sites are within a relatively small interval, especially for the spectral frequency band between 2.5 and 10 Hz, which is the band normally more relevant for the seismic design of nuclear installations. In this band, for 10−4 yr−1 AFE, a mean/median ratio of 1.40 would envelop practically all investigated sites.","PeriodicalId":505879,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Spectra","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139453201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fragility modeling practices and their implications on risk and resilience analysis: From the structure to the network scale 脆弱性建模实践及其对风险和复原力分析的影响：从结构到网络尺度

Earthquake Spectra Pub Date : 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.1177/87552930231219220

Raul Rincon, Jamie Ellen Padgett

{"title":"Fragility modeling practices and their implications on risk and resilience analysis: From the structure to the network scale","authors":"Raul Rincon, Jamie Ellen Padgett","doi":"10.1177/87552930231219220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930231219220","url":null,"abstract":"Although fragility function development for structures is a mature field, it has recently thrived on new algorithms propelled by machine learning (ML) methods along with heightened emphasis on functions tailored for community- to regional-scale application. This article seeks to critically assess the implications of adopting alternative traditional and emerging fragility modeling practices within seismic risk and resilience quantification to guide future analyses that span from the structure to infrastructure network scale. For example, this article probes the similarities and differences in traditional and ML techniques for demand modeling, discusses the shift from one-parameter to multiparameter fragility models, and assesses the variations in fragility outcomes via statistical distance concepts. Moreover, the previously unexplored influence of these practices on a range of performance measures (e.g. conditional probability of damage, risk of losses to individual structures, portfolio risks, and network recovery trajectories) is systematically evaluated via the posed statistical distance metrics. To this end, case studies using bridges and transportation networks are leveraged to systematically test the implications of alternative seismic fragility modeling practices. The results show that, contrary to the classically adopted archetype fragilities, parameterized ML-based models achieve similar results on individual risk metrics compared to structure-specific fragilities, promising to improve portfolio fragility definitions, deliver satisfactory risk and resilience outcomes at different scales, and pinpoint structures whose poor performance extends to the global network resilience estimates. Using flexible fragility models to depict heterogeneous portfolios is expected to support dynamic decisions that may take place at different scales, space, and time, throughout infrastructure systems.","PeriodicalId":505879,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Spectra","volume":"101 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139391101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0