Discovery and Innovation最新文献_第2页

Growth Performance Traits and Organ Weights in Semi- Adult Rabbits Exposed to Crude Oil Contaminated Diets 原油污染饲粮对半成年家兔生长性能和器官重量的影响

Discovery and Innovation Pub Date : 2009-11-25 DOI: 10.4314/DAI.V20I3-4.48145

O. Mgbere, A. Monsi

引用次数: 0

The Changing Forest Management Paradigm in Africa: A Case for Community Based Forest Management System 非洲森林管理模式的变化:以社区为基础的森林管理系统的案例

Discovery and Innovation Pub Date : 2009-11-25 DOI: 10.4314/DAI.V21I3.48207

L. Odera

引用次数: 10

Some Drivers of Change in Forest Conditions in Africa 非洲森林条件变化的一些驱动因素

Discovery and Innovation Pub Date : 2009-11-25 DOI: 10.4314/DAI.V21I3.48200

G. Kowero, J. Njuk, C. Nair

{"title":"Some Drivers of Change in Forest Conditions in Africa","authors":"G. Kowero, J. Njuk, C. Nair","doi":"10.4314/DAI.V21I3.48200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/DAI.V21I3.48200","url":null,"abstract":"Forests in Africa are important to livelihoods of rural communities, as habitats of wildlife, sources of genetic resources and for mitigation to climate change among many other uses. Africa’s area under forests is, however, declining at rates faster than those in other continents despite efforts to improve forest management by, for example, devolving ownership and management of some of these forests to local communities. This paper examines some of the root causes of this decline by specifically focusing on the forest-society and agriculture nexus as one of the key drivers of forest depletion on the continent. The paper also examines the influence of urbanisation and related policy shifts in Africa. The paper concludes that the rapid population increase has direct negative impact on forests and this is compounded by increasing poverty in rural areas that has increased reliance on forests as sources of food, medicines, agricultural land, in addition to forests supplying wood and other non-wood forest products for domestic consumption and industrial needs. The paper highlights an apparent link between deforestation and urbanization, and the potentials for African forests to contribute more to social and economic development and to mitigate adverse effects of climate change.","PeriodicalId":50577,"journal":{"name":"Discovery and Innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70509005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Lessons Learnt on Rain Forest Management for Wood Production in West and Central Africa 西非和中非雨林管理促进木材生产的经验教训

Discovery and Innovation Pub Date : 2009-11-25 DOI: 10.4314/DAI.V21I3.48208

D. Okali, O. Matig

引用次数: 1

Vegetation Diversity and Composition of Bindura Mining Town in Zimbabwe 津巴布韦Bindura矿业小镇植被多样性与组成

Discovery and Innovation Pub Date : 2009-11-25 DOI: 10.4314/DAI.V21I1-2.48163

C. Katsvanga, E. Bobo, L. Jimu, T. Nyamugure, David Gwenzi, A. Kundhlande

{"title":"Vegetation Diversity and Composition of Bindura Mining Town in Zimbabwe","authors":"C. Katsvanga, E. Bobo, L. Jimu, T. Nyamugure, David Gwenzi, A. Kundhlande","doi":"10.4314/DAI.V21I1-2.48163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/DAI.V21I1-2.48163","url":null,"abstract":"An assessment of the urban forestry status in the mining town of Bindura was carried out to determine the diversity, composition and distribution of plant species. The town was stratified into residential, town centre and industrial areas. The residential area was sub-zoned into low, medium and high-density suburbs; the town centre into the Central Business District (CBD) and town fringes and the industrial area into light and heavy industrial sites. In each stratum, 3 sample plots of size 100x100 m quadrants were established randomly on a base map prior to ground truthing. In all strata, each sub-stratum was allocated a single quadrant except for the town fringes and the heavy industry, which had two each. Plants in each quadrant were totally enumerated. Data were analysed using SPSS 10, for Windows 1996 by subjecting plant population and vegetation diversity to one-way ANOVA. Results indicated preference for exotic fruit trees in the residential areas and exotic ornamentals in the town centre and industrial sites. The study concluded that there is a bias towards exotic species even though they are suitably planted in each stratum.","PeriodicalId":50577,"journal":{"name":"Discovery and Innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70508628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Review of Public Forestry Administrations and Related Institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa 审查撒哈拉以南非洲的公共林业行政和有关机构

Discovery and Innovation Pub Date : 2009-11-25 DOI: 10.4314/DAI.V21I3.48203

F. Owino

引用次数: 0

Forest Management for Non-Wood Forest Products and Services in Sub-Saharan Africa 撒哈拉以南非洲非木材林产品和服务的森林管理

Discovery and Innovation Pub Date : 2009-11-25 DOI: 10.4314/DAI.V21I3.48213

B. Chikamai, M. Tchatat, J. Tieguhong, O. Ndoye

{"title":"Forest Management for Non-Wood Forest Products and Services in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"B. Chikamai, M. Tchatat, J. Tieguhong, O. Ndoye","doi":"10.4314/DAI.V21I3.48213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/DAI.V21I3.48213","url":null,"abstract":"The contribution of Non-Wood Forest Products (NWFPs) and services in livelihood support has been reviewed. Quite a number of NWFPs are also important articles of commerce and contribute significantly to the economies various African countries. The non-consumptive role of forests has been examined in terms of eco-tourism while the social and economic viability of the production of NWFPs and services have been reviewed from subsistence and commercial perspectives. Conditions that enable long-term viability in the management of forests for NWFPs and services have been reviewed. Need for sound ecological data in relation to resource stock and yield were noted as important in determining ecological sustainability. A number of institutional issues important to SFM were noted, including setting up of strong producer organizations, enabling policies and legislative frameworks, and relevant institutions within the government that provide supportive roles. Multiple use management was noted an important concept towards sustainable forestry and clearly demonstrates how forests can be managed for both wood and NWFPs. From an analysis of lessons learnt from the above, various recommendations were made.","PeriodicalId":50577,"journal":{"name":"Discovery and Innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70508728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 36

Processing and Marketing of Non-wood Forest Products: Potential Impacts and Challenges in Africa 非木材林产品的加工和销售:非洲的潜在影响和挑战

Discovery and Innovation Pub Date : 2009-11-25 DOI: 10.4314/DAI.V21I3.48214

T. J. Chupezi, O. Ndoye, M. Tchatat, B. Chikamai

{"title":"Processing and Marketing of Non-wood Forest Products: Potential Impacts and Challenges in Africa","authors":"T. J. Chupezi, O. Ndoye, M. Tchatat, B. Chikamai","doi":"10.4314/DAI.V21I3.48214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/DAI.V21I3.48214","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an overview and synthesis of the processing and marketing of NWFP in Africa. Indeed, NWFPs provide a livelihood support system for forest communities and poor urban households in terms of food, medicines, income and employment. However, forest communities remain poor, always struggling to make a living rather than improving their status quo. This trend raises concern whether NWFPs constitute a poverty trap, a safety net or a resource for rural development and poverty alleviation. This paper tries to address some of these concerns with the main objective of drawing lessons from experiences across the African continent on the opportunities and challenges of the NWFPs sector. Such lessons are considered very important in informing the development of policies in future that can better contribute and sustain the provision of income and livelihood to stakeholders. Lessons drawn from this analysis shows that organised production, processing and marketing of NWFPs can increase the revenue of dependent communities, thereby contributing to poverty reduction in Africa. The paper concludes that the salient requirements for the development of the NWFP include adding value locally, choosing the right marketing strategy, informing local producers and organisations on legal procedures, supporting and building capacities of vibrant/accountable local organisations, conducting cost effective research and development, and disseminating appropriate information on the resource base and on market conditions.","PeriodicalId":50577,"journal":{"name":"Discovery and Innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70508740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 35

Development of Forestry in Sweden—Any lessons for Africa? 瑞典林业发展对非洲有何启示?

Discovery and Innovation Pub Date : 2009-11-25 DOI: 10.4314/DAI.V21I3.48215

B. Lundgren

{"title":"Development of Forestry in Sweden—Any lessons for Africa?","authors":"B. Lundgren","doi":"10.4314/DAI.V21I3.48215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/DAI.V21I3.48215","url":null,"abstract":"During the SFM I project, studies were made on the relevance to Africa of Sweden’s experience in 100–150 years to become a successful forestry country. Six major issues have influenced the development of forests, forestry and forest industries in Sweden. The first relates to the societal, economic and political macro-trends of the last 150 years—democratisation, industrialisation, urbanisation, etc. Obviously, developments in forestry have been influenced, and to a significant degree, made possible by these factors. Five other key issues help explain the current forest situation: that wood early on acquired a commercial value and that private land owners, the Government and industry exploited the opportunities to add extra value by industrial processing; that ownership of forests was largely in private hands (farmers and industry); that forest policies and legislation were put in place to support the developments in forestry; the role of NGOs; and the roles of Government. Although ecological and economic conditions are obviously different, it was concluded that many Swedish lessons related to the processes and mechanisms of developing and administrating forest policies and legislation, strengthening institutional capacity for supporting mechanisms to SFM, e.g. within areas of research, education/ training, resource inventories and statistics, extension services, certification and market intelligence, etc., and in organising and empowering stake-holders in the use, management and conservation of forest and tree resources, could be of relevance, in adapted forms, also to Africa.","PeriodicalId":50577,"journal":{"name":"Discovery and Innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70508798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In-situ fertilizer industry for small scale farmers: the case of tephrosia vogelii fallow and minjingu phosphate rock in Eastern Tanzania 小规模农民的就地肥料工业:坦桑尼亚东部tephrosia vogelii休耕和minjingu磷矿的案例

Discovery and Innovation Pub Date : 2009-11-25 DOI: 10.4314/DAI.V21I1-2.48193

C. Mkangwa, S.M.S Maliond, J. Semoka

{"title":"In-situ fertilizer industry for small scale farmers: the case of tephrosia vogelii fallow and minjingu phosphate rock in Eastern Tanzania","authors":"C. Mkangwa, S.M.S Maliond, J. Semoka","doi":"10.4314/DAI.V21I1-2.48193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/DAI.V21I1-2.48193","url":null,"abstract":"Tephrosia vogelii Hook. f. is among the best leguminous shrubs in enhancing soil fertility especially in improved fallow situations in eastern and southern Africa. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of Minjingu phosphate rock (MPR) application and prevailing weather on survival, dry matter, N and P accumulations of Tephrosia vogelii fallow, and maize yields in subsequent season. Tephrosia vogelii fallow was grown for 22 months on acidic P deficient ferralsol amended with 0 or 80 kg P ha-1 at fallow establishment. The survival of T. vogelii plants was monitored over 22 months. Fallow nutrient accumulation was assessed by measuring the quantity and quality of litter commencing at 12 months. The quality of leaves was monitored from 6, 12, 18 and 22 months, while the quantity and quality of stems were assessed at 22 months. Foliar quantity was measured at 22 months. Long dry season significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced survival by about 50% in the first 6 months and up to 80% at 22 months. Litter dry weight and stem biomass, were significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) by MPR application. Foliar P concentration was significantly increased by P application up to 12 months only. The total N and P accumulated in the litter and stems during the 22 months were significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) by MPR application. In the 22 months period, the total N accumulated in the three plant components were 65.7 and 133.5 kg ha-1 for control and MPR treated plots, respectively. The corresponding values for P were 3.4 and 11.3 kg ha-1. These accumulations led to improvement of maize yields in the subsequent season by 147% relative to natural fallow. Improved fallows of T. vogelli can be used as In-situ fertilizer industry for small scale farmers in the tropics.","PeriodicalId":50577,"journal":{"name":"Discovery and Innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70508960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0