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A theoretical model for evaluation of non-visual effects of lighting based on human performance: Comprehensive research ideas

IF 3.7 2区工程技术

Displays Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.displa.2025.103038

Xian Zhang , Lin Ma , Jing Chen , Jinchi Fu , Jingluan Wang , Yao Wang , Mengya Zhu , Mingjiu Yu , Dengkai Chen

{"title":"A theoretical model for evaluation of non-visual effects of lighting based on human performance: Comprehensive research ideas","authors":"Xian Zhang , Lin Ma , Jing Chen , Jinchi Fu , Jingluan Wang , Yao Wang , Mengya Zhu , Mingjiu Yu , Dengkai Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.displa.2025.103038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.displa.2025.103038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-visual effects (NVE) refer to the influence of light passing through human intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). These effects encompass various dimensions, including circadian rhythms, mood regulation, vigilance, and work efficiency. Human performance (HP) involves psychological perception, task execution, and physiological effectiveness. To systematically investigate the interplay between NVE and HP, it is essential to establish a comprehensive evaluation framework that can also delineate a scientific and clear technical pathway for subsequent research into quantitative methodologies related to NVE. We compile the current state of research on lighting’s NVE, integrating and analyzing the influencing factors associated with these effects alongside the dimensional indices used for evaluating HP while summarizing existing quantitative approaches to studying non-visual (NV) impacts. Based on these retrospective analyses and by proposing future research trajectories, we ultimately developed a HP-driven evaluation methodology system for assessing NVE. This framework provides a theoretical foundation for forthcoming studies focused on multi-dimensional evaluation methods concerning NV influences as well as guiding future quantitative investigations into this area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50570,"journal":{"name":"Displays","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 103038"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Performance enhancement of LED displays through optimized light distribution

IF 3.7 2区工程技术

Displays Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.displa.2025.103039

Zhihong Zhao , Qi Yao , Shenfei Chen , Peiyu Wu , Yuhui Zhang , Wenqian Xu , Bangyong Sun , Dong Wang , Ziyi Wang , Jiawei Feng

{"title":"Performance enhancement of LED displays through optimized light distribution","authors":"Zhihong Zhao , Qi Yao , Shenfei Chen , Peiyu Wu , Yuhui Zhang , Wenqian Xu , Bangyong Sun , Dong Wang , Ziyi Wang , Jiawei Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.displa.2025.103039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.displa.2025.103039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The improvement in light-emitting diode (LED) performance has facilitated its widespread application in areas such as urban media screens and electronic displays. However, most commercial LEDs use a circularly symmetric radiation pattern, which leads to issues like high energy consumption, significant spill light, and privacy concerns during practical applications. This study investigates the impact of light distribution in LED displays on visual performance and energy consumption. Through software simulations and experimental measurements, we established a quantitative model linking beam angle with the maximum viewing angle and energy consumption of displays. The results show that a display with a 60° beam angle consumes only half the energy of a display with a 120° beam angle, while achieving 89% of the latter’s maximum viewing angle. These findings highlight the need to balance visual performance and energy consumption based on specific application scenarios. This research provides a new technical approach for optimizing the visual performance and energy efficiency of LED displays, particularly valuable for reducing high energy consumption and severe light pollution in outdoor LED displays.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50570,"journal":{"name":"Displays","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 103039"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

MSFFNet: Multi-stream feature fusion network for underwater image enhancement

IF 3.7 2区工程技术

Displays Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.displa.2025.103023

Peng Lin, Zihao Fan, Yafei Wang, Xudong Sun, Yuán-Ruì Yáng, Xianping Fu

{"title":"MSFFNet: Multi-stream feature fusion network for underwater image enhancement","authors":"Peng Lin, Zihao Fan, Yafei Wang, Xudong Sun, Yuán-Ruì Yáng, Xianping Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.displa.2025.103023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.displa.2025.103023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep learning-based image processing methods have achieved remarkable success in improving the quality of underwater images. These methods usually extract features from different receptive fields through downsampling operations, and then enhance underwater images through upsampling operations. However, these operations of downsampling and upsampling inevitably disrupt the relations of neighboring pixels in raw underwater images, leading to the loss of image details. Given this, a multi-stream feature fusion network, dubbed MSFFNet, is proposed to enrich details, correct colors, and enhance contrast of degraded underwater images. In MSFFNet, the multi-stream feature estimation block is carefully constructed, which separately takes original resolution feature maps and low-resolution feature maps as inputs. The multi-stream feature estimation block proficiently preserves the details information of the original underwater image while extracting high-level features. Besides, a coordinate residual block is designed to emphasize valuable features and suppress noises based on position knowledge. A local–global feature fusion block is presented for selectively fusing the complementary multi-scale features. Finally, extensive comparative experiments on real underwater images and synthetic underwater images demonstrate that the proposed MSFFNet has superior performance on underwater image enhancement tasks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50570,"journal":{"name":"Displays","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 103023"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

MS2CAM: Multi-scale self-cross-attention mechanism-based MRI super-resolution

IF 3.7 2区工程技术

Displays Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.displa.2025.103033

Jinbin Hu , Yanding Qin , Hongpeng Wang , Jianda Han

引用次数: 0

The effects of vibrotactile directions and touch methods on human tactile perceptions

IF 3.7 2区工程技术

Displays Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.displa.2025.103036

Tzu-Ying Li, Shana Smith

{"title":"The effects of vibrotactile directions and touch methods on human tactile perceptions","authors":"Tzu-Ying Li, Shana Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.displa.2025.103036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.displa.2025.103036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the utilization of tactile feedback in human–computer interfaces has gained substantial attention. Among various tactile displays, vibrotactile displays are commonly regarded as the most widely used. Nevertheless, there is limited research investigating the impacts of vibration directions and touch methods on human tactile perceptions. This study aims to address this research gap by exploring the impacts of both normal and lateral vibration directions, as well as passive and active touch methods, on human tactile perceptions. Two tactile perception experiments were conducted at frequencies of 150 Hz, 200 Hz, 250 Hz, and 300 Hz. The experimental results show that for the same displacements, lateral vibrations are significantly more perceivable than normal vibrations for both passive and active touches, except at 150 Hz for passive touch. However, the normal vibrotactile perceivable thresholds are significantly lower than those for lateral vibrations for both passive and active methods. This study also surprisingly found that the most sensitive frequency for lateral vibration is around 150 Hz and 200 Hz, which is about 50–100 Hz lower than that for normal vibration. These findings can help us understand how different vibration directions and touch methods affect human tactile perception, which are important factors in designing tactile human–computer interfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50570,"journal":{"name":"Displays","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 103036"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visible light-activated ultra-long orange afterglow phosphor Sr1−x Ga2O4:xCu2+

IF 3.7 2区工程技术

Displays Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.displa.2025.103028

Li Hao, Gongchun Zhang, Qingping Wang, Ling Su, Lijuan Feng, Guiquan Jiang

{"title":"Visible light-activated ultra-long orange afterglow phosphor Sr1−x Ga2O4:xCu2+","authors":"Li Hao, Gongchun Zhang, Qingping Wang, Ling Su, Lijuan Feng, Guiquan Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.displa.2025.103028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.displa.2025.103028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Because of both their independence from external light sources and their energy-saving properties, efficient visible light-activated long persistent luminescence (LPL) phosphors are in high demand. Designing and developing such materials, however, remains a significant challenge. This report describes new LPL phosphors doped with transition metal ions (Sr<sub>1−x</sub> Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>:xCu<sup>2+</sup>), which address the challenge of excitation of red light-emitting LPL phosphors by visible light. Visible light excitation is achieved by adjusting the calcination atmosphere during preparation of the phosphor. When the Cu<sup>2+</sup> ion doping level is 2 %, the phosphor can be excited by both UV and visible light. Upon excitation by visible light, the main emission peak occurs at approximately 610 nm; this is observed as orange light, with an afterglow duration of over 11 h. Investigation of the emission spectra after different delay times, together with the photoluminescence and thermoluminescence spectra, revealed a mechanism that involves trapping and de-trapping of electrons. The unique long afterglow and excitation properties, together with the emission characteristics of SrGa<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>:0.02Cu<sup>2+</sup>, are particularly suited for applications such as night time signage and dynamic anti-counterfeiting. This research provides new directions for the design of visible light-activated LPL phosphors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50570,"journal":{"name":"Displays","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 103028"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantifying the impact of night-shift display modes on evening melatonin production

IF 3.7 2区工程技术

Displays Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.displa.2025.103027

Jiawen Mao , Yingying Huang , Mingyuan Zhao , Feng Zhang , Xin Li , Qi Dai

{"title":"Quantifying the impact of night-shift display modes on evening melatonin production","authors":"Jiawen Mao , Yingying Huang , Mingyuan Zhao , Feng Zhang , Xin Li , Qi Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.displa.2025.103027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.displa.2025.103027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of self-emitting devices in the evening can significantly suppress melatonin secretion, leading to sleep onset delays and circadian disruption. To minimize these undesirable effects, various night-shift display modes have been developed. In this study, we conducted a human factor experiment to investigate the effectiveness of night-shift modes in maintaining evening melatonin production. The study adopted four different night-shift modes and a normal mode for smartphones, which were applied during the three hours before bedtime. The four different night-shift modes employed constant and dynamically reduced correlated color temperatures (CCTs) and luminance levels. Under modes with constant low luminance and CCTs (leading to low melanopic lux), participants had significantly higher melatonin production than those in the normal mode (with high melanopic lux). This result indicates that a reduction in melanopic lux is effective in mitigating the negative effect of display light on evening melatonin production. Regarding the dynamic modes, despite achieving lower melanopic lux levels before sleep, they exhibited relatively high melanopic lux during the early hours of the experiment. Thus, it is necessary to quantify the cumulative time effects of melanopic lux over various periods when evaluating its impact on melatonin production. It was found that the cumulative Melanopic Equivalent Daylight Illuminance (<em>ʃ</em> m-EDI <em>dt</em>) over two hours before bedtime could be an effective metric, which applies to both dynamic and static display modes. Based on the metric, a value below 35 lx·h in the evening is considered effective in reducing the attenuation of melatonin production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50570,"journal":{"name":"Displays","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 103027"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The interaction efficiency of different visual areas on a virtual reality interaction space: Standing versus sitting posture

IF 3.7 2区工程技术

Displays Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.displa.2025.103025

Jutao Li , Jingxuan Yuan , Yanqun Huang , Xiaotian Liang , Xueqin Huang , Jian Zhang

{"title":"The interaction efficiency of different visual areas on a virtual reality interaction space: Standing versus sitting posture","authors":"Jutao Li , Jingxuan Yuan , Yanqun Huang , Xiaotian Liang , Xueqin Huang , Jian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.displa.2025.103025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.displa.2025.103025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>User posture and visual area can impact searching-selecting efficiency, thereby influencing interaction efficiency. Virtual Reality (VR) devices extend the traditional two-dimensional interface to a three-dimensional interaction space, requiring users to alter their body postures when using them. This study compared the searching-selecting efficiency of different postures (standing and sitting) and visual areas in a VR environment. An experiment measured thirty-five participants’ searching and selecting times for targets under different conditions. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the interaction efficiency was generally higher for participants in a sitting posture than in a standing posture. Participants spent less time searching for left side targets than in other visual areas. However, the interaction effect between posture and visual area was not significant. These results suggest that posture and visual areas respectively influence searching-selecting efficiency in VR environments. These findings could provide insights for VR developers to enhance interaction design, particularly interface design, for different user postures, thus supporting interaction efficiency and user experience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50570,"journal":{"name":"Displays","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 103025"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Opto-mechanical design of Fourier transform spectral polarization imaging system based on dual Wollaston prisms

IF 3.7 2区工程技术

Displays Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.displa.2025.103026

Jingping Zhu, Xiaofang Liu, Angze Li, Yue Liu, Xun Hou

{"title":"Opto-mechanical design of Fourier transform spectral polarization imaging system based on dual Wollaston prisms","authors":"Jingping Zhu, Xiaofang Liu, Angze Li, Yue Liu, Xun Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.displa.2025.103026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.displa.2025.103026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of polarization and spectral imaging, which exploits the principle of spectral interference, has long been a subject of extensive research. However, existing literature lacks comprehensive discussions on the opto-mechanical design of Fourier transform spectral polarization imaging systems (FTSPIS) employing dual Wollaston prisms (DWP). We proposing a novel opto-mechanical design strategy for FTSPIS based on DWP. Specifically, the FTSPIS system is divided into three independent modules: telescopic objective lens with phase modulation module (PMM), eyepiece and splitting system with DWP, and secondary imaging system. For each module, a detailed optimization design process is presented, with special emphasis on the optical effects produced by each module and their compatibility with one another. A practical design instance is provided to illustrate the feasibility of constructing a visible-spectrum FTSPIS that can achieve a full field of view (FOV) of ± 5°. The effectiveness of the proposed design is verified through simulation analysis of interference patterns and demodulation. An elaboration on the mechanical structures for each module is also provided. These multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment capabilities enable precise control of the system’s performance, thus ensuring that the desired optical results can be achieved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50570,"journal":{"name":"Displays","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 103026"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Low-Power integrated driver circuits with multiple outputs based on Thin-Film transistors for mobile micro Light-Emitting diode displays

IF 3.7 2区工程技术

Displays Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.displa.2025.103022

Ye-Rim Jeong , Eun Kyo Jung , Kook Chul Moon , Hwarim Im , Yong-Sang Kim

{"title":"Low-Power integrated driver circuits with multiple outputs based on Thin-Film transistors for mobile micro Light-Emitting diode displays","authors":"Ye-Rim Jeong , Eun Kyo Jung , Kook Chul Moon , Hwarim Im , Yong-Sang Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.displa.2025.103022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.displa.2025.103022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article proposes low-power integrated driver circuits based on low-temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) thin-film transistors (TFTs) for small and medium-sized mobile micro light-emitting diode (μLED) displays. Two integrated driver circuits can output four signals to operate the μLED pixel circuit: the integrated scan driver outputs two scan signals, and the integrated emission driver outputs an emission signal and a sweep signal. Moreover, driver circuits are designed to enable the always-on-display (AOD) mode, which consumes less power than the normal mode. Compared to the normal mode, the proposed circuits do not output unnecessary signals in the AOD mode, reducing power consumption by 38.0 and 29.6% in the integrated scan and emission circuits. In addition, compared to the gate driver circuits with a single output signal. The proposed integrated scan and emission driver circuits reduce power consumption by 16.6 (25.2) and 42.5 (51.3)% in the normal (AOD) mode, respectively, by sharing the control unit for multiple outputs. We also fabricated the proposed driver circuits and verified that the proposed circuits successfully output multiple signals for mobile μLED pixel circuits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50570,"journal":{"name":"Displays","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 103022"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0