Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Rainfall Variability on Maize Production in Eswatini","authors":"M. Mkhwanazi, Lindokuhle H. Ndzinisa, Sanele J. Sacolo","doi":"10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i44370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i44370","url":null,"abstract":"Crop production is increasingly under threat as rainfall becomes more erratic and unreliable due to climate change. The rainy season in Eswatini is mainly between October and March, but a variation in the amount of rainfall, onset and cessation of rainfall season, and dry spells has been lately threatening rain-fed maize production. This study was meant to assess the degree of rainfall variability and its impacts on rain-fed maize production in Eswatini. Rainfall data for the years 1991-2021 from six weather stations representing the various agro-ecological zones in Eswatini was obtained from the Department of Meteorological Services. The degree of rainfall variability was then determined using the coefficient of variability (CV). Also determined was the relationship between rainfall and the maize production. This was done to determine how maize production responds to rainfall variability.  Maize production data was obtained from the FAO online platform, FAOSTAT. Results from the study indicated that in Eswatini there is moderate to high rainfall variability. The Middleveld and Highveld had a year-to-year variability of 25% and 23%, respectively which is classified as moderate while the Lowveld had high variability of 34%. The seasonal rainfall was found to have a statistically significant relationship with nationwide maize production (in metric tonnes). The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) between seasonal rainfall and yield was found to be 0.68, which was tested and found to be significant (P<.05), indicating a significant positive correlation.","PeriodicalId":505676,"journal":{"name":"Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology","volume":"20 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140737386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microcontroller-based Security System for an Industrial Complex: Design, Fabrication and Testing","authors":"Allison Chinedu Okolie","doi":"10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i44369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i44369","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The necessity by man to protect his life, investment and property has called for security which is essential in maintaining law and order in a society.\u0000Study Design: For effective realization of these goals, the security system must be able to incorporate different functions and monitor several activities instantaneously in real time. These activities include access, motion detection, fire hazard, plant production control etc.\u0000Methodology: In this study, the concept of real time central monitoring security systems was adopted with emphasis on industrial security. The industrial complex needs to have a way of authenticating individuals requesting access to the complex as well as reactively responding to intruder attempts. To achieve these, a simple hardware data acquisition unit based on a microcontroller was designed. With the microcontroller, many sub systems (access, intrusion, motion detection, surveillance) were integrated into one module and monitored continuously. A central monitoring unit was also implemented using a PC. The software for analysis and display of the data was designed using an object oriented approach and is GUI based for easier monitoring. When tested, the GUI provides graphic display of the trends from the sensor device. The data from the hardware unit was connected to the PC via the parallel port interface.\u0000Results: The designed and fabricated microcontroller-based security system performed effectively for the industrial complex with no reported issue or failure.\u0000Conclusion: Microcontroller-based security system is an effective tool for the industrial complex.","PeriodicalId":505676,"journal":{"name":"Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology","volume":"42 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140364199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Qualitative Academic Advising at the University of Ghana and Ohio University","authors":"Doreen Tutera","doi":"10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i44368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i44368","url":null,"abstract":"Students around the globe face challenges during their academic journey which jeopardize their academic, personal, as well as professional success. Some of these challenges may include wrong course registration, parental problems, financial breakdown, career misinformation and lots more. This has necessitated the establishment of academic advising in higher education institutions. In this study, comparative analysis on the influence of academic advising and the best method of its effective handling was conducted between students in University of Ghana and Ohio University. Semi-structured interviews were adopted to dig deep into participants’ lives and gather in-depth information about academic advising. The interview schedule was strictly followed, and each interview lasted for 20-30 minutes. The research occurred at the University of Ghana and Ohio University and occurred between July 2023 and September 2023. In analyzing the centrality of student advising comparatively, this study uses Astin’s Theory of Student Involvement and Tinto’s Theory of Student Departure. The study revealed that academic advising existed at the University of Ghana and Ohio University, but the extent and effectiveness of practice varies between the two. Ohio University has a structured advising system unlike the University of Ghana. Also, it was revealed that advisors at the University of Ghana were faculty members and staff of the career center while there were professional advisors at Ohio University who were basically employed to handle student affairs. I concluded that universities should have a centralized office for student advising while each department should establish a committee accessible to all students and that would be responsible for assisting and guiding students throughout their academic journey at the university. Also, the university should also make it mandatory for students to attend advising sessions and more staff members at the Counseling and Career Center should be employed and adequately trained. Nonetheless, the advisor-to-student ratio should be maintained to ensure advisors are not overwhelmed by the number of students they have to advise. In conclusion, majority of the participants asserted that academic advising was beneficial to their academic, professional, and personal lives. ","PeriodicalId":505676,"journal":{"name":"Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology","volume":" 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140210558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process Optimization in Manufacturing Industries Using Simulation Technologies","authors":"O. M. Okuyelu, Bakhtiyar Doskenov, Remilekun Aribike","doi":"10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i44367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i44367","url":null,"abstract":"The industrial application and importance of simulation technologies for process optimization in manufacturing industries cannot be underestimated. Adequate monitoring of raw materials processing to finished products and their conveyance to the end users is required together with profits and cost optimization to ensure the company attained the set goals. Thus, it is imperative to adopt the use of simulation-based optimization tools. This paper succinctly discussed the  importance of simulation-based optimization technologies as effective techniques in manufacturing industries. The concept of process optimization, simulation and simulation techniques as related to manufacturing were discussed. Various techniques of simulation-based optimization in manufacturing were presented. These include Monte Carlo simulation, discrete event simulation and system dynamics. Also, typical examples of manufacturing optimization techniques were stated. These include Just-in-Time, statistical process control, total quality management, six sigma, value stream mapping and computer numerical control. Various applicable areas of simulation-based optimization technologies in manufacturing were also addressed.  However,  resistance  to change, lack of expertise, lack of data, unintended consequences, over-reliance on technology and insufficient testing are the associated problems to simulation-based optimization in manufacturing. In conclusion, relevant simulation-based optimization technologies should be adopted by various manufacturing companies to ensure profit maximization while still keeping the chain between production of good and supply to customers intact.","PeriodicalId":505676,"journal":{"name":"Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140228891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre Stressed Steel Cylinder Concrete Pipe Development Status: A Review","authors":"Shitong Yuan","doi":"10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i44366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i44366","url":null,"abstract":"Pre stressed steel cylinder concrete pipe (PCCP) is a composite pipe composed of thin steel plates, high-strength steel wires, and concrete. It fully and comprehensively utilizes the tensile and easy sealing properties of steel, as well as the compressive and corrosion resistance properties of concrete. It has the characteristics of high sealing, high strength, and high impermeability. Due to its excellent characteristics, it has been widely used worldwide. This article mainly introduces the structure and components of prestressed steel cylinder concrete pipes, the development history and research status at home and abroad, as well as the PCCP design standards and development prospects","PeriodicalId":505676,"journal":{"name":"Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140251741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Adaptive Dung Beetle Optimization Algorithm with Golden Sine for Optimizing Numerical Unconstrained Problems","authors":"Zhenhui Lu","doi":"10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i44365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i44365","url":null,"abstract":"The dung beetle optimization (DBO) algorithm is a newly swarm intelligence optimization algorithm inspired by the biological behaviors of dung beetles while it still has disadvantages of easy convergence to the local optimal, slow convergence speed, and poor global search capability. This paper proposes an adaptive dung beetle optimization algorithm with a golden sine algorithm (Gold-SA), denoted as the Gold-SA-based adaptive DBO (GSDBO) algorithm. Firstly, the PWLCM chaotic mapping is introduced to generate population individuals to increase diversity of population and explore more search space. Secondly, the position update formula for the mathematical model of dung beetle ball-rolling behavior without obstacle is replaced by that of Gold-SA, which can accelerate the convergence speed and improve the convergence accuracy. Finally, the adaptive weight coefficients are used to improve the update stage of thief beetles. The strategy can boost and balance the exploration vs exploitation, simultaneously. Furthermore, the GSDBO is proved to be effective by comparing some intelligence optimization algorithms on benchmark functions of different characteristics. The results demonstrate that the GSDBO can improve optimization accuracy and stability.","PeriodicalId":505676,"journal":{"name":"Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology","volume":"161 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140256463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Standardization of Functional Bread Fortified with Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia) Powder","authors":"Shristi Murarka, Suryaprakash Singh, Rishabh Raj","doi":"10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i44364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i44364","url":null,"abstract":"The study of bread development was carried out at the Department of food technology, Parul University, Vadodara. The present study focuses on the preparation of functional bread incorporation of bitter gourd powder. The process of bread preparation was standardized by varying the concentration of wheat flour and bitter gourd powder. Innovation in bread production and the inclusion of useful ingredients are essential for the development of functional foods. The greatest processed food industry in India is the bread industry, and the nation's production is continually rising. Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae) is a tropical shrub with yellow blooms and green foliage. Bitter gourd has antidiabetic ingredients such as charantin, vicine, and polypeptide-p as well as other generic bioactive ingredients like antioxidants. On the basis of Sensory evaluation, sample T5 was selected. It was found that The addition of 8% bitter gourd powder found to be acceptable with sensory parameters. The present investigation was carried out to study the physical and chemical characteristics of bitter gourd bread. The average proximate constituents such as moisture, carbohydrate, protein, fat, fiber, and ash content were determined of bread which is 33 percent, 74.69 percent, 11.92 percent, 5.22 percent, 4.37 percent, and 3.8 percent respectively. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) of bitter gourd powder bread showed the presence of spectra 3261.63 cm-1 which represent the O-H group, 2934.40 cm-1 are observed which showed C-H group, 1641.04 cm -1 represent C=C group and 1077.89 cm-1 represents C-O group. Minerals such as calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc of bread were evaluated. The minerals were calcium (16.0mg), iron (9.59mg), magnesium (14.81mg) and zinc (3.23mg) respectively. The obtained results revealed that the prepared bread sample was good source of carbohydrate, protein, fiber and fat. The selected sample was found to be good source of minerals such as calcium, iron, Zinc and magnesium. Total energy obtained in bitter gourd powder-based bread was 242.82 Kcal/ 100gm. TPC (Total plate count) 7400 cfu/g was observed at refrigeration temperature after 7 days. Bitter gourd powder-based bread was packed in, polyethylene pouches (PEP), and stored under ambient (18-38 oC) and refrigerated (4-7 oC) temperature conditions for 7 days and it was observed that the overall increase in moisture content at the ambient temperature of wheat and bitter gourd powder bread ranged from 33.00 to 33.57 percent whereas, the overall decrease in protein and fat ranged from 11.92 to 11.52 percent and 5.22 to 4.65 percent, respectively. The overall increase in moisture content at refrigeration temperature of wheat and bitter gourd powder bread ranged from 33.00 to 33.24 percent whereas, the overall decrease in protein and fat ranged from 11.92 to 11.74 percent and 5.22 to 4.82 percent, respectively. The Moisture increases more at ambient temperature as compared to refrig","PeriodicalId":505676,"journal":{"name":"Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140265993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection by Culture and by Multiplex Real-Time PCR of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus spp. in Vaginal Secretions and Urines in Patients Received at Saint Camille Hospital of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso","authors":"Rabiétou Nikiema, T. Zohoncon, P. Bado, Géraud Joel Guigma, A. M. Dabiré, Jacques Simpore","doi":"10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i34363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i34363","url":null,"abstract":"Staphylococci are bacteria involved in various pathologies and varying degrees of severity. They are one of the first causative agents of nosocomial and community infections with humans and animals as natural habitats. The genus Staphylococcus is subdivided into two groups, coagulase-negative staphylococci, the most isolated of which is Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-positive staphylococci and constitutes about fifty species and subspecies. Some of these species are implicated in urinary tract and vaginal tract infections and are a real health problem especially for women. The aim of the study was to detect S. aureus and Staphylococcus spp. in vaginal secretions and urine using culture and real-time PCR. The microbiological analysis was done using the conventional methods adopted at Saint Camille's hospital laboratory. Molecular analysis was done using the Sacace multiplex PCR kit. \u0000We examined a total of 97 samples including 77 urine samples and 20 vaginal secretion samples. At culture, no Staphylococcus was isolated. On the other hand, with the same culture-negative samples, we were able to identify two S. aureus and two Staphylococcus spp. in the urine and three Staphylococcus spp in vaginal secretions. The study then demonstrates the difference in sensitivity between the two identification techniques and confirms that there is a possibility of infection in case of negative culture. It is then necessary to involve rt-PCR in routine analyses.","PeriodicalId":505676,"journal":{"name":"Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology","volume":"36 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140086038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Functional and Dimensional Characteristics of Two Drinking Water Treatment Plants: Case of Goudel II and Goudel III, Niamey Niger","authors":"Ousman Mahamadou, S. Harouna, A. M. Hassan, Boureima Seibou, Illou Issoufa Souleymane, Mahamadou Ibrahim","doi":"10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i34362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i34362","url":null,"abstract":"This study compares the functional and dimensional characteristics of the two drinking water treatment systems at Niamey's Goudel I and Goudel II plants. The results of this study show that the Goudel factory produced 36,089,492 m3 in 2018, corresponding to an annual production yield of 94.98%. The average specific electrical energy consumption of the Goudel factory is 537 Wh/m3. The average daily production at Goudel is 98,875 m3 /d for a theoretical nominal capacity of 85,000 m3 /d, which was increased to 110,000 m3 /d in 2013 following work to improve the factory's capacity. Production peaks in April with approximately 320,7757 m3 /month or 106925 m3 /day on a 30-day operating basis. The production trough was reached in February with approximately 2,725,551 m3 /month or 97,341 m3 /day based on 28 operating days. Electricity consumption reached 1,357,861 kWh, corresponding to a specific consumption of 498 Wh/m3. The plant's annual electricity consumption is 19,014,670 kWh. In 2018, 934,793 litres of diesel were consumed, compared with 1,079,659 litres in 2017, a saving of 144,866 litres equivalent to CFAF 77,937,908. Although sectors II and III use the same processes and the same production capacity, the Goudel 2 sector appears to consume the most energy.","PeriodicalId":505676,"journal":{"name":"Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology","volume":"34 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140420608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring Temperature and Humidity in Biomass Gasification Using Arduino Technology","authors":"J. Nzihou, Ousmane Zoundi, Salou Hamidou, B. G. Segda, Frederic Ouattara","doi":"10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i34361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2024/v43i34361","url":null,"abstract":"Gasification of biomass can be done with pure oxygen or with ambient air. We have chosen gasification with ambient air in our project for costs considerations. Relative humidity (RH) of the air we used with a downdraft co-current gasifier is monitored in this paper. RH sensor used in this paper presents a capacitor which depends on the amount of water contained in the gaseous mixture. That RH, behaving as a variable capacitor is inserted in serial with the RC circuit of an astable multivibrator. Frequency of the oscillator is dependent of the resistance and the capacity which depends on the RH. We have inserted the RH sensor as a variable capacitor in the RC circuit of a NE555 oscillator. From the RH sensor datasheet, a mathematical model has been developed and the equation giving RH found to be $$Rh=496,23 * ( {1.44*T over (R_4+2R_2 )* C_55}) -443,26.$$ The frequency of the oscillator is calculated with Arduino and the RH is deduced. Temperature can be measured with a K type thermocouple from 25 to 1024C with accuracy of +/-1.5C.The effect of temperature on the RH is also taken into account. Using Arduino Uno3 as a computer, we have calculated corrected RH respective to temperature and displayed both ambient and real RH on 20 columns with 4 lines LCD display. Arduino has also enabled us to save measured data in an Excel sheet, allowing us to analyses measured temperature and RH and plot different curves from it. The same circuit is also used to monitor RH of produced synthesis gas. Results of the Arduino temperature and monitoring system shows that visual observation of air and human feeling can be very misleading in respect to the air RH.","PeriodicalId":505676,"journal":{"name":"Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology","volume":"419 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140447896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}