Buildings最新文献_第9页

A Reconstruction Methodology of Dynamic Construction Site Activities in 3D Digital Twin Models Based on Camera Information 基于摄像头信息的三维数字孪生模型中建筑工地动态活动的重建方法

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14072113

Jingyao He, Pengfei Li, Xuehui An, Chengzhi Wang

{"title":"A Reconstruction Methodology of Dynamic Construction Site Activities in 3D Digital Twin Models Based on Camera Information","authors":"Jingyao He, Pengfei Li, Xuehui An, Chengzhi Wang","doi":"10.3390/buildings14072113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072113","url":null,"abstract":"Digital twin technology significantly enhances construction site management efficiency; however, dynamically reconstructing site activities presents a considerable challenge. This study introduces a methodology that leverages camera data for the 3D reconstruction of construction site activities. The methodology was initiated using 3D scanning to meticulously reconstruct the construction scene and dynamic elements, forming a model base. It further integrates deep learning algorithms to precisely identify static and dynamic elements in obstructed environments. An enhanced semi-global block-matching algorithm was then applied to derive depth information from the imagery, facilitating accurate element localization. Finally, a near-real-time projection method was introduced that utilizes the spatial relationships among elements to dynamically incorporate models into a 3D base, enabling a multi-perspective view of site activities. Validated by simulated construction site experiments, this methodology showcased an impressive reconstruction accuracy reaching up to 95%, this underscores its significant potential in enhancing the efficiency of creating a dynamic digital twin model.","PeriodicalId":505657,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"79 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141662641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on High-Pressure Water Jet Interference for Collision Prevention of Waterway Viaduct Piers: Case Study of Guangzhou Lixinsha Bridge 水道高架桥桥墩防撞的高压水射流干扰研究：广州立新沙大桥案例研究

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14072118

Jincai Chen, Xiquan Wei, Jingjing Huang, Haibo Wang, Meiling Dai

{"title":"Research on High-Pressure Water Jet Interference for Collision Prevention of Waterway Viaduct Piers: Case Study of Guangzhou Lixinsha Bridge","authors":"Jincai Chen, Xiquan Wei, Jingjing Huang, Haibo Wang, Meiling Dai","doi":"10.3390/buildings14072118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072118","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, with the frequent occurrence of ship–bridge collision accidents as the context and the collision accident of the Lixinsha Bridge in China as the background, the scenario of a ship impacting a pier was simulated using ANSYS-FLUENT software, and the practical application possibility of the high-pressure water jet interference (HPWJI) anti-collision method was thoroughly investigated. Through the simulation analysis, the effectiveness of a high-pressure water jet with a total flow rate of 45 m3/s in altering the navigation direction of large-tonnage (2000 t) ships and avoiding obstacles was verified. Additionally, its impact on the stress of the ship steel plates and navigation status was also explored. It was found that, with reasonable layout and parameter adjustment, the high-pressure water jet technology could effectively intervene in the ship’s navigation trajectory while ensuring the structural safety of the ship, with minimal impact on the ship’s navigation stability and passenger comfort. Furthermore, the injection angle of the high-pressure water jet had a significant impact on the deflection and deceleration of the ship. Specifically, when the water jet impacted the ship along its forward direction, it could effectively increase the ship’s deceleration and deflection time, reducing the speed from 2.55 m/s to 1.7 m/s, a decrease of approximately 33%, significantly enhancing collision prevention effectiveness. This research provides important guidance for the practical application of high-pressure water jet collision prevention technology and is of great significance for improving the safety of waterway transportation.","PeriodicalId":505657,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"33 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141659414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sustainability in the Workplace: Evaluating Indoor Environmental Quality of a Higher Education Building in Riyadh 工作场所的可持续性：利雅得高等教育大楼室内环境质量评估

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14072115

H. Sirror, W. Labib, Eman Abowardah, W. Metwally, Connie Mitchell

{"title":"Sustainability in the Workplace: Evaluating Indoor Environmental Quality of a Higher Education Building in Riyadh","authors":"H. Sirror, W. Labib, Eman Abowardah, W. Metwally, Connie Mitchell","doi":"10.3390/buildings14072115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072115","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable building design has gained global significance as a strategy to address environmental challenges and promote healthier living spaces. This concept is particularly relevant in Saudi Arabia, where there is a growing emphasis on integrating sustainable practices into the design and operation of buildings, especially in educational settings. Amidst the global push for sustainability in workplaces, this study’s core lies in assessing and comparing the satisfaction levels with the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) of a Saudi Arabian higher education building against those in international green buildings, considering factors that comprise thermal comfort, air quality, lighting, acoustic quality, office arrangement, furnishings, cleanliness, and maintenance. Employing the Center for the Built Environment (CBE) IEQ survey tool, a comprehensive study was conducted among the building’s occupants. A literature review and benchmarking studies complemented this to gather data on international green buildings. This study aims to assess and compare the satisfaction levels with the IEQ of a Saudi Arabian higher education building against international green buildings. The comparative analysis aims to expose the commonalities and differences in satisfaction levels, exploring how various factors influence overall satisfaction with the IEQ. The research found that there is overall satisfaction with the IEQ parameters of the building under investigation, except with two parameters: acoustics and thermal comfort. The building is generally in alignment with the IEQ of international buildings. This research is presumed to contribute significantly to sustainability initiatives in educational buildings, fostering a healthier and more sustainable workplace environment.","PeriodicalId":505657,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"15 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141661421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Cementless Binder Based on High-Calcium Fly Ash, Silica Fume, and the Complex Additive Ca(NO3)2 + MgCl2: Phase Composition, Hydration, and Strength 基于高钙粉煤灰、硅灰和复合添加剂 Ca(NO3)2 + MgCl2 的无水泥粘结剂：相组成、水化和强度

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14072121

Yurii Barabanshchikov, K. Usanova

{"title":"A Cementless Binder Based on High-Calcium Fly Ash, Silica Fume, and the Complex Additive Ca(NO3)2 + MgCl2: Phase Composition, Hydration, and Strength","authors":"Yurii Barabanshchikov, K. Usanova","doi":"10.3390/buildings14072121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072121","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the properties of a binder based on high-calcium fly ash and silica fume with a complex additive consisting of calcium nitrate and magnesium chloride. The strength characteristics, the characteristics of the hydration process, and the phase composition of the hydration products of the binder were investigated. Silica fume was used to suppress the expansion of fly ash during hydration. A complex additive (CA) consisting of Ca(NO3)2 and MgCl2 provided a higher strength of binder than each of these salts separately. When testing a mortar with sand, the CA additive ensured that the strength of the specimens was 43.5% higher than the strength of the mortar with the addition of Ca(NO3)2 and 7.5% higher than the strength of the mortar with the MgCl2 additive. Calcium nitrate greatly accelerated the process of heat release in the first 60 min of binder hydration, and subsequently, conversely, slowed it down. The addition of MgCl2 gave a significantly greater thermal effect than Ca(NO3)2. When the two salts acted together, even a small fraction of magnesium chloride (0.2 of CA) compensated for the retarding effect of calcium nitrate and provided heat release for the binder that was almost as good as that of MgCl2.","PeriodicalId":505657,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"44 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141660119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization of Acoustic Emissions from Concrete Based on Energy Activity Coefficient 基于能量活动系数的混凝土声发射特性分析

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14072109

Lei Liu, Yongfeng Xu, Yang Liu, Runqing Wang, Zijie Zhang, Ruiqi Ma

{"title":"Characterization of Acoustic Emissions from Concrete Based on Energy Activity Coefficient","authors":"Lei Liu, Yongfeng Xu, Yang Liu, Runqing Wang, Zijie Zhang, Ruiqi Ma","doi":"10.3390/buildings14072109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072109","url":null,"abstract":"Single-stage compression loading experiments were carried out on concrete specimens of various strengths to explore the characteristic parameters of the acoustic emission signal and its damage evolution law in the concrete damage process. These specimens were monitored in real time with acoustic emission and DIC instruments during the loading process, and internal pores and slices were scanned with CT scanning instruments after compression. The acoustic emission phenomenon was expressed using the energy activity coefficient, and the law relating to the phenomenon was summarized. The results show that when the peak and mean values in the first adjacent time domain grow rapidly, the specimen produces a large crack and enters the stage of rapid crack development, which can be taken as an indication of the impending damage to the specimen. The energy activity coefficient reflects the damage development intensity as follows: the smaller the energy activity coefficient, the more the cracks developed; the faster the speed, the larger the deformation. With an increase in the load level, the energy activity coefficient gradually tends to stabilize, and the specimen enters the stage of rapid crack development. However, when the energy activity coefficient suddenly increases again, the specimen is destabilized and destroyed. Therefore, the energy activity coefficient responds to the degree of congenital defects in the specimen. As the load increases, the energy activity coefficient is more stable, and the defects are smaller; in contrast, the energy activity coefficient drastically oscillating indicates that the material is very defective.","PeriodicalId":505657,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"111 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Four-Dimensional Digital Monitoring and Registering of Historical Architecture for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage 为保护文化遗产对历史建筑进行四维数字监测和登记

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14072101

Mohamed Saleh Sedek, M. Touahmia, G. Albaqawy, E. Latifee, Tarek Mahioub, Ahmed Sallam

{"title":"Four-Dimensional Digital Monitoring and Registering of Historical Architecture for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage","authors":"Mohamed Saleh Sedek, M. Touahmia, G. Albaqawy, E. Latifee, Tarek Mahioub, Ahmed Sallam","doi":"10.3390/buildings14072101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072101","url":null,"abstract":"Preserving cultural heritage through monitoring, registering, and analyzing damage in historical architectural structures presents significant financial and logistical burdens. Developed approaches for monitoring and registering 4D (4-dimensional)-scanned range and raster images of damaged objects were investigated in a case study of historical Baron Palace in Egypt. In the methodology, we first prepared and observed the damaged historical models. The damaged historical models were scanned using a laser scanner at a predetermined date and time. Simultaneously, digital images of the models were captured (by a calibrated digital camera) and stored on a researcher’s tablet device. By observing and comparing the scanned models with the digital images, geometric defects and their extent are identified. Then, the observed data components were detected on the map. Then, damaged statue materials were investigated using system of energy dispersive (SEM; scanning electron microscope, Gemini Zeiss-Ultra 55) and XRF (X-ray fluorescence) spectroscopic analysis to identify the statue’s marble elements, and the results indicate that SEM-EDX and XRF analyses accurately identify major and minor compositions of the damaged statue. Then, the damaged models were registered in two stages. In the registration stages, the corresponding points were determined automatically by detecting the closest points in the clouds and ICP (iterative closest point) algorithm in RiSCAN. The point clouds (of the Palace and damaged statues) gave very detailed resolutions and more realistic images in RiSCAN, but it is a costly program. Finally, the accuracies of the registration tasks were assessed; the standard deviations are within acceptable limits and tend to increase irregularly as the number of polydata observations used in the registration calculations increase.","PeriodicalId":505657,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"123 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Inclusion and Initial Damage Inspection of Intelligent Cementitious Materials Containing Graphene Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) 利用电阻率断层扫描 (ERT) 对含石墨烯的智能水泥基材料进行包容和初始损伤检测

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14072098

Shijun Wang, Shengjiang Peng, Qiong Liu, Wanwei Li

引用次数: 0

Probabilistic Analysis of Strength in Retrofitted X-Joints under Tensile Loading and Fire Conditions 拉伸荷载和火灾条件下加装 X 型连接件强度的概率分析

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14072105

Hossein Nassiraei

{"title":"Probabilistic Analysis of Strength in Retrofitted X-Joints under Tensile Loading and Fire Conditions","authors":"Hossein Nassiraei","doi":"10.3390/buildings14072105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072105","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, a total of 360 FE analyses were carried out on tubular X-joints strengthened with collar plates under brace tension under laboratory testing conditions (20 °C) and various fire conditions. The generated FE models were validated based on 31 tests. The FE analyses produced a comprehensive dataset that encapsulated resistance metrics, with detailed simulations of welds, contacts, and the incorporation of non-linear geometrical and material attributes. Twelve theoretical probability density functions (PDFs) were matched to the constructed histograms, with the maximum likelihood (ML) technique utilized to assess the parameters of these fitted PDFs. The theoretical PDFs, rigorously evaluated against the Anderson–Darling, Kolmogorov–Smirnov, and Chi-squared tests, identified the Generalized Petrov distribution as the optimal model for capturing the resistance behaviors of X-joints under tensile load and varying fire conditions. The findings have led to the proposition of five detailed theoretical PDFs and cumulative distribution functions (CDFs), introducing a novel perspective for assessing and reinforcing the structural resilience of strengthened CHS X-joints in engineering practices.","PeriodicalId":505657,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"28 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental and Numerical Study of Newly Assembled Lightweight Radiant Floor Heating System 新型装配式轻质地板辐射供暖系统的实验和数值研究

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14072096

B. Zhang, Yongjuan Wang, Ming Liu, Zhongbing Zhang

{"title":"Experimental and Numerical Study of Newly Assembled Lightweight Radiant Floor Heating System","authors":"B. Zhang, Yongjuan Wang, Ming Liu, Zhongbing Zhang","doi":"10.3390/buildings14072096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072096","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the heating capacity of a new prefabricated assembled hot water radiant modular heating system made from a recycled waste building masonry structure is investigated through experimental and numerical simulation methods. The heating capacity of the system in different working conditions (a water supply temperature of 48 °C, 51 °C, 56 °C, and 61 °C; a flow rate of 0.49 m3/h, 0.35 m3/h, and 0.21 m3/h) is analyzed and verified. A three-dimensional steady-state heat transfer numerical model of the floor heat transfer of the module is established, and the accuracy of the model is verified through the measured results to investigate the heating capacity of this system under different water supply temperatures, flow rates and coil spacings. The results show that the new prefabricated hot water radiant module heating system has a 0.9 °C higher air temperature and 2.1 °C higher average floor surface temperature than the traditional wet floor radiant heating system under the same experimental conditions, and the response time is 44% shorter. The water supply temperature can significantly change the heating capacity of the system, while the water supply flow rate has little effect on the system. The established three-dimensional steady-state numerical model can be in good agreement with the measured results. This study can provide an experimental and theoretical basis for the design and application of such systems.","PeriodicalId":505657,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"85 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141664572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sustainable Structural System Selection Using Hybrid Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Model Based on Seismic Performance 利用基于抗震性能的混合模糊多标准决策模型选择可持续结构系统

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14072107

Mohsen Lotfi, Mohsen Gerami, Moses Karakouzian

{"title":"Sustainable Structural System Selection Using Hybrid Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Model Based on Seismic Performance","authors":"Mohsen Lotfi, Mohsen Gerami, Moses Karakouzian","doi":"10.3390/buildings14072107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072107","url":null,"abstract":"In the rapidly evolving field of sustainable construction, this study aims to address the critical need for advancement in the building industry, focusing on vital indicators like energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness, as well as improving occupant comfort. This research introduces a novel approach to support the choice of suitable structural systems for mass housing projects, with a case study on Iran’s national housing scheme. This methodology involves a four-phase process, beginning with compiling a database from existing studies to outline primary and secondary indicators affecting structural system selection. It utilizes the fuzzy AHP method for criteria prioritization and the fuzzy TOPSIS technique for alternatives (LSF, 3DP, ICF, TRC, and RCCF). The study identified the light steel framing (LSF) system as the optimal choice for Iran’s housing needs based on various criteria. Then, in the final phase, the study evaluates the seismic performance of cold-formed steel (CFS) frames with various sheathing panel types (OSB, DFP, CSP, and GWB) under monotonic loads, examining key seismic parameters across 38 frame setups. The findings reveal that LSF structures can effectively withstand seismic events within the elastic behavior range, suggesting that this construction approach is viable for enhancing mass housing production in Iran’s construction sector.","PeriodicalId":505657,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"123 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0