Donatien Ngendabanyikwa , Zhengyi Xu , Guozhe Meng , Yanqiu Wang , Junyi Wang , Yawei Shao
{"title":"The semiconductor properties and tin segregation mechanism in the passive film formed on the electrodeposited Ni-Sn coatings","authors":"Donatien Ngendabanyikwa , Zhengyi Xu , Guozhe Meng , Yanqiu Wang , Junyi Wang , Yawei Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The nanocrystalline Ni-Sn coatings (average grain size 15.78 nm) formed of relatively ordered circular particles covering the entire surface characterized with nodule-like endings were successfully electrodeposited using pulse electrodeposition technique. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyse the film microstructure. The corrosion resistance and semiconducting properties of Ni-Sn coatings were investigated in borate buffer solution. The EIS measurements showed that Ni-Sn alloys developed, in the passive zone, a good corrosion resistance as demonstrated by a thin film thickness, the low capacitance value, high polarization resistance, and the high value of electric field strength. Mott-Schottky analysis showed that the passive film formed on Ni-Sn coatings presents an p-n heterojunction characteristic indicating that the charge carrier densities are composed of cation (<em>N</em><sub>A</sub>) and anion (<em>N</em><sub>D</sub>) vacancies. The high density of point defects (<em>N</em><sub>A</sub> + <em>N</em><sub>D</sub> ∼ 10<sup>21</sup>cm<sup>−3</sup>) induces a high electronic conductivity in the Ni-Sn coatings passive film. The XPS analysis showed that the passive film formed on Ni-Sn alloys is composed of NiO, Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>, NiOOH, SnO, and SnO<sub>2</sub> species and an enrichment of Sn in the passive film. The mechanisms of passive film growth and Sn segregation in the Ni-Sn passive film are suggested in conjunction with the Point Defect Model (PDM). The good corrosion resistance and high electronic conductivity achieved in this work suggest that Ni-Sn Coating is a good candidate for water electrolysis applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50545,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":"943 ","pages":"Article 117588"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1806860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shital Jyotsna Sahoo , Bapun Barik , Banalata Maji , Pratap S. Nayak , Narmada Behera , Priyabrat Dash
{"title":"A redox accessible Cu-BTC metal organic framework-based nanocomposite for selective and sensitive electrochemical sensing of Triclosan in real sample","authors":"Shital Jyotsna Sahoo , Bapun Barik , Banalata Maji , Pratap S. Nayak , Narmada Behera , Priyabrat Dash","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Extended use of Triclosan (TCS), in many pharmaceutical, medical devices, personal care products and home cleaning products constitutes a potential concern to the human health and ecological system due to its vast exposure into ground water, sediments and surface water. Its prolonged environmental presence and recognized persistence have sparked scientific and societal concern, which has promoted research into efficient remediation methods. In order to resolve this concern, we have designed a ternary nanocomposite of rGO modified porous Cu-benzene tricarboxylic acid metal organic framework (Cu-BTC MOF) decorated NiCo bimetallic nanoparticle by adopting a solvothermal route. High electrical conductivity of rGO, greater surface area of Cu-BTC MOF, and the electrocatalytic nature of NiCo bimetallic nanoparticles collectively enhance the electrochemical property of the designed sensor. Cyclic voltammetry and impedance measurement showcased our fabricated nanocomposite possessed highest conductivity and supported our aim to achieve a potential sensor for electrochemical sensing of TCS. Under optimum conditions, from the square wave voltammetry (SWV) analysis our sensor was found to have detection limit 0.23 × 10</span><sup>−12</sup> M (0.67 × 10<sup>−7</sup>µg/ml) and a wide linear detection range of 49 × 10<sup>−6</sup> M to 0.39 × 10<sup>−12</sup> M with sensitivity of 0.196 µA/mM. The proposed sensor further displayed desired selectivity, outstanding stability, and good repeatability, demonstrating its successful detection capabilities for harmful TCS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50545,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":"943 ","pages":"Article 117589"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2620194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Laura Para, Andrea Querio, Julia Amici, Daniele Versaci, Antonello A. Barresi, Silvia Bodoardo, Daniele Marchisio
{"title":"Electrochemical performance optimization of NMC811 through the structure design of its precursor","authors":"Maria Laura Para, Andrea Querio, Julia Amici, Daniele Versaci, Antonello A. Barresi, Silvia Bodoardo, Daniele Marchisio","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a study on the effect of the precursor structure on NMC811 electrochemical properties. The influence of different parameters, such as morphology and crystallinity of the precursor, Ni<sub>0.8</sub>Mn<sub>0.1</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>, on the final electrochemical performance of NMC811 are analyzed. To ensure a correct and fast mixing of the precursor reactants and prepare the Ni<sub>0.8</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>Mn<sub>0.1</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>, a novel approach is used employing a micromixer, thus enabling the collection of the precipitated metal hydroxide within a few seconds after its precipitation. Then the precursor is calcinated together with a Li source to obtain the NMC811 cathode material. When analyzing the aging time of the precursor, between collection and calcination, it is observed that the primary particles of the precursor grow and become more crystalline, adopting a lamellar shape, while the secondary particles turn more compact, when increasing the aging time. The NMC materials synthesized from the aged precursors have smoother primary particles, exposing clearer crystalline planes. This change in morphology is also evidenced in the crystalline structure where an increase in the aging time produces better layered materials with a lower cation mixing index. The well-ordered structure impacts the electrochemical characteristics; indeed, the aged precursor produces NMC with higher specific capacity, better cyclability and lower capacity fade.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50545,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":"943 ","pages":"Article 117630"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3158676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An electrochemical biosensor based on CuFe PBA/MoS2 nanocomposites for stable and sensitive detection of hydrogen peroxide and carcinoembryonic antigen","authors":"Yuelin Zhou , Xin Guan , Ru Wu , Yuan Dang , Sha Yu , Yuanzhen Zhou , Jieli Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An increasing number of electrochemical biosensors have been constructed to detect single bioactive substances with high sensitivity, but not multiple bioactive substances with different properties. Therefore, we incorporated Cu and Fe elements into Prussian blue to form Prussian blue analogues (PBA) to improve the electrochemical catalytic activity of Prussian blue. At the same time, MoS<sub>2</sub> is used as the material substrate to increase the electrochemical active site of the composite. We have constructed a universal electrochemical sensing platform using composite materials (CuFe PBA/MoS<sub>2</sub>) as electrode modification materials for detecting two different types of representative cancer biomarkers, hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The universal electrochemical biosensor showed a significant linear response to both H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and CEA with the lowest detection limits of 0.23 μM and 0.01 ng mL<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, and it had high selectivity, reproducibility, and stability. The universal electrochemical biosensor is successfully applied to detect H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> released from human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells and CEA expressed on the surface of human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. The developed biosensor has potential in the dynamic detection of the flux of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and the expression level of CEA from living cells. The high sensitivity of this universal sensor provides a novel strategy for simultaneously detecting multiple cancer biomarkers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50545,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":"943 ","pages":"Article 117592"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1823288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunhao Wu, Meng Shi, Dan Luo, Zhaolong Zhang, Zhi Li, Zhiming Cheng, Xiaohong Kang
{"title":"Synergetic effect of TiO2 coating and oxygen vacancy boosting LiMn2O4 cathode for stable aqueous zinc-ion batteries","authors":"Yunhao Wu, Meng Shi, Dan Luo, Zhaolong Zhang, Zhi Li, Zhiming Cheng, Xiaohong Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> cathode materials have been regarded as one of the promising candidates for aqueous zinc-ion batteries. However, their actual application is still hindered by the Mn<sup>2+</sup> dissolution and structural transformation during the charge/discharge cycling. Herein, we synthesized LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub><span> cathode materials with octahedron<span> morphologies and followed introducing oxygen vacancies<span> by the calcination treatment in Ar. Octahedral shape is beneficial to the improvement of cycle stability of LiMn</span></span></span><sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> cathode materials. Oxygen vacancies contribute to the rate performance by improving the electronic conductivity. Nevertheless, the cycling stability of LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> cathode materials with oxygen vacancies is not satisfactory. So, we proposed the synergistic strategy of TiO<sub>2</sub>-coating LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and oxygen vacancies. TiO<sub>2</sub>@(LMO-A0.5) sample with uniform thin TiO<sub>2</sub> coating was obtained by regulating the hydrolysis reaction of tetrabutyl titanate. Consequently, TiO<sub>2</sub>@(LMO-A0.5) exhibits the impressive rate capability and cycling stability (as high as 85 mAh/g and 91.22% capacity retentions after 200 cycles at 0.1 A g<sup>−1</sup>) as the cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries. The synergetic development of multiple strategies may endow LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> cathode materials with magical perspectives in aqueous zinc-ion batteries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50545,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":"943 ","pages":"Article 117597"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2620198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaojuan Wang , Cheng Qian , Tian Zou , Hao Ding , Feng Jiang , Huiyu Li , Haijing Cao , Zebo Fang , Yan Xu , Jinkun Liu , Yanyan Zhu
{"title":"Dodecahedral NC-doped CoSe2 nanoparticles with excellent stability for high-performance flexible solid-state supercapacitors","authors":"Xiaojuan Wang , Cheng Qian , Tian Zou , Hao Ding , Feng Jiang , Huiyu Li , Haijing Cao , Zebo Fang , Yan Xu , Jinkun Liu , Yanyan Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, CoSe<sub>2</sub><span>/NC composites with stable dodecahedral structures were prepared by a simple one-step carbonization-selenization method using ZIF-67 as the precursor, and the effect of annealing time on their morphology and properties was investigated. SEM and TEM characterization results showed that the material with an annealing time of 1 h had the most stable framework structure and complete selenization. Under a three-electrode system with 2.0 M KOH as the electrolyte, CoSe</span><sub>2</sub><span>/NC-1 possesses a high capacity of 554.4F/g at 1 A/g and excellent cycling stability (92% capacity retention after 21,000 cycles). In addition, a flexible solid-state supercapacitor was assembled with CoSe</span><sub>2</sub>/NC-1 as the positive electrode and AC as the negative electrode. The power density was 800 W/Kg at 1 A/g, and the cycling stability was tested at 91.53% after 6000 cycles at 2 A/g. The flexible solid-state supercapacitors were tested for suppleness, and their voltage could still reach 1.6 V with stable specific capacity and light up LED bulbs when measured at 0°, 90° and 180°. Undoubtedly, the CoSe<sub>2</sub>/NC-1 material prepared in this study exhibits promising electrochemical characteristics, making it a viable candidate for implementation in flexible solid-state supercapacitors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50545,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":"943 ","pages":"Article 117612"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1760683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Defeng Qi , Ying Wang , Xinru Xu , Xiao Jiang , Mushtaq Ahmad , Zhao Chao , Zhenyi Yu , Meiling Lian , Yong Wang , Zhen Zhang
{"title":"Promoting active species generation by sculpting Co3S4/Co(OH)2 nanotubes with rich sulfide/hydroxide interfaces for efficient oxygen evolution reaction","authors":"Defeng Qi , Ying Wang , Xinru Xu , Xiao Jiang , Mushtaq Ahmad , Zhao Chao , Zhenyi Yu , Meiling Lian , Yong Wang , Zhen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nanostructured transition metal sulfides (TMSs) have attracted great attention owing to their superior electric conductivity and easy redox reaction properties in oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts. However, the strong metal-metalloid bonds (M−S) and metalloid-metalloid (S<img>S) bonds in the crystal structure of TMSs are difficult to break, which might result in the insufficient formation of electrocatalytically active metal hydroxide species on the surface and prevent the realization of their full OER potential. Herein, we demonstrate an approach by sculpting Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> on Co<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub> nanotubes (Co<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/Co(OH)<sub>2</sub>) as highly reactive and stable electrocatalysts for efficient OER. The electron transfer between cobalt and sulfur and the pre-sculpted Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> promote the formation of rich hydroxide active species on the surface of Co<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/Co(OH)<sub>2</sub>. The optimized Co<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/Co(OH)<sub>2</sub>–0.8 catalyst possesses excellent electrocatalytic activity for OER in an alkaline medium, with a relatively low OER overpotential of 269 mV (at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>) and a Tafel slope of 95.2 mV dec<sup>-1</sup>. This work provides a new sight of designing TMS electrocatalysts for practical application in efficient water splitting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50545,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":"943 ","pages":"Article 117619"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1806868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sergey M. Kuzmin, Svetlana A. Chulovskaya, Vladimir I. Parfenyuk
{"title":"Bis- and tris-amino-substituted tetraphenylporphyrins. Comparative electrochemistry, film formation and ORR response of the films in alkaline media","authors":"Sergey M. Kuzmin, Svetlana A. Chulovskaya, Vladimir I. Parfenyuk","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper analyzes how the structure of porphyrin affects its electrochemical characteristics, film formation process and physicochemical properties of the obtained materials. A comparison of the redox processes of 21H,23H-5,15-bis-(4-aminophenyl)-10,20-di-phenyl porphyrin (Porph <strong>I)</strong> and 21H,23H-5,10,15-tris-(4-aminophenyl)-20-phenyl porphyrin (Porph <strong>II)</strong> shows that Porph <strong>I</strong> is more stable in oxidation and less stable in reduction processes than Porph <strong>II</strong>. The presence of electrochemically active amino groups in the composition of the porphyrin molecules allows the superoxide-assisted electrochemical deposition method to be applied to successfully form poly-Porph <strong>I</strong> and poly-Porph <strong>II</strong> films from dimethyl sulfoxide solutions. Spectral methods confirm that the obtained materials preserve their porphyrin structure. The structure of the initial monomer molecules is demonstrated to affect the film formation and surface morphology of the prepared materials. Oxygen electroreduction in an alkaline medium is shown to have smaller kinetic limitations on poly-Porph <strong>II</strong> films than that on poly-Porph <strong>I</strong> ones.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50545,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":"943 ","pages":"Article 117594"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2620196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Direct electron transfer kinetics of histamine dehydrogenase at air plasma-treated graphite nanofibers","authors":"Kikuo Komori , Shinnosuke Takumi , Kiichi Kato , Kazuya Matsumoto , Kohei Shiraishi , Hiroshi Kimura , Kazutake Takada","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As histamine is one of the important mediators for allergic reactions, its efficient detection methods and real-time monitoring systems are required for food analyses and drug discoveries to suppress allergic reactions. Although histamine dehydrogenase (HmDH) is a promising candidate for developing enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors, some electron mediators are frequently employed to observe electrocatalytic currents for histamine oxidation. Here, direct electrochemistry of HmDH was studied at the surface of graphite nanofibers (GNFs), which provide active reaction sites for redox species. Air plasma-treated GNFs were used for constructing a three-dimensional network that works both as an electrical nanowire and an enzyme support. Even though the amount of oxygen-containing functional groups didn’t significantly increase at the GNF surface with increase in the air plasma treatment time, direct electron transfer from reduced HmDH by histamine to the GNFs was improved probably due to capped and curvature of the graphite edge sites with oxygen-containing functional groups, which were generated by the air plasma treatment. The air plasma-treated GNFs also allowed enhancement of the complex-formation reaction rate of HmDH with histamine, as the air plasma treatment time increased.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50545,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":"943 ","pages":"Article 117621"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1559748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reaction characteristics of molten carbonate cell operated in fuel cell and electrolysis modes with reactant gas addition method","authors":"Samuel Koomson, Choong-Gon Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>This work compares the electrode reaction mechanisms of 100 cm</span><sup>2</sup><span> class molten carbonate cells (MCCs) operated in electrolysis cell (EC) and fuel cell (FC) modes using a reactant gas addition (RA) method. The RA method reveals essential information on an electrode reaction mechanism by measuring the overpotential of an electrode resulting from adding a reactant. The hydrogen electrode (HE) is revealed to be under a gas-phase mass transfer-controlled process in both modes. In addition, the HE overpotential at an inlet composition of H</span><sub>2</sub>: CO<sub>2</sub>: H<sub>2</sub>O = 0.3: 0.3: 0.4 atm is caused mainly by H<sub>2</sub> species in FC mode, while CO<sub>2</sub> contributes the majority in EC mode due to the production of H<sub>2</sub> and consumption of CO<sub>2</sub> by the water–gas shift reaction. On the other hand, most of the oxygen electrode (OE) overpotential is contributed by O<sub>2</sub> species in both modes. The overpotential induced by O<sub>2</sub> species was larger in FC mode than EC mode because EC mode generates O<sub>2</sub> and provides less mass transfer resistance of O<sub>2</sub> species in the liquid phase. The addition of CO<sub>2</sub> to the OE raised overpotential in both modes. The overpotential was especially large in FC mode due to the reduced O<sub>2</sub> partial pressure and relatively low in EC mode because of O<sub>2</sub> generation. Therefore, the total overpotential in EC mode is less than in FC mode.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50545,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":"943 ","pages":"Article 117577"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3205662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}