Asian Journal of Medicine and Health最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Assessment of Histopathological and Biochemical Indices of Renal Function in Alloxan-induced Male and Female Diabetic Rats","authors":"Iwuji Joy Chidinma, Nwanjo Harrison Ugochukwu, Nwosu Dennis C, Osuegbu Mercy Chukwujindu, Ohaeri Evangelina Ozoemena","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i81075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i81075","url":null,"abstract":"It has been observed that alloxan-induced diabetes causes free radical production, which ultimately damages the pancreatic β-cells and impact several organs especially the kidney. This study was a comparative assessment of histopathological and biochemical indices of renal function in alloxan-induced male and female diabetic rats. A total of twenty-four (24) male and female albino wistar rats were divided into five groups (6 rats per group): normal control female (group A), normal control male (group B), diabetic female (group C) and diabetic male (group D).  Diabetes mellitus was induced in the rats via intraperitoneal injection of alloxan at a dose of 120 mg/kg bwt. The rats were observed for 48 hours and were allowed access to water and feed as much as they wanted and were then sacrificed 48 hours post alloxan-induction. Serum urea, creatinine and electrolyte profile (sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate) were determined using standard laboratory methods while the histology of the kidney determined by H and E technique. The histopathological section of the group C rats showed thickened glomeruli which are closely adherent to the bowman’s capsular space. There was interstitial fibrosis, hyaline changes, epithelial cellular vacuolar degeneration and arteriopathy. The group D rats showed milder histological alterations of glomeruli and arterioles. There was significantly increased mean serum Urea, sodium, chloride and bicarbonate levels in the female diabetic rats than in female control (p=0.000; 0.020; 0.009; 0.027) respectively while potassium was significantly increased in male diabetic rats than in male control (p=0.018). Also, the mean serum urea and creatinine level was significantly increased in female diabetic rats compared to male diabetic rats (p=0.017; 0.010) respectively. This study has revealed the variable alterations in kidney histology and functions due to alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus. The kidney functions of male and female wistar rats with alloxan-induced diabetes was found to exhibit varying degrees of significant histopathological  and biochemical changes.","PeriodicalId":505327,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Health","volume":"52 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141805773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Narrative Review on Complicated Cholecystitis: An Update on Management","authors":"Kumar H.R","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i81074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i81074","url":null,"abstract":"Complicated cholecystitis is a term used to describe the local complications that occur in acute cholecystitis. It included gangrenous, empyema and perforation of the gallbladder. The diagnosis of these conditions involves clinical, laboratory investigations and imaging modalities. The treatment of complicated cholecystitis is by performing a cholecystectomy, either by an open or laparoscopic method. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with a high conversion rate due to inflammation of the gallbladder which makes dissection difficult. Subtotal cholecystectomy is an alternative surgical procedure in patients who have adhesions at the calot’s triangle. We have conducted this review article to look at the types of complicated cholecystitis, and the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions.","PeriodicalId":505327,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Health","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Screening, In vitro Antioxidant Capacity and Nephro-protective Effects of Combined Extract of Psidium guajava and Carica papaya Leaves in Rats Intoxicated with Cadmium","authors":"O. Orororo, O. Efekemo, O. Odeghe, P. D. Clark, E. .. Awhin, E. Egbune, I. O. Efejene","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i81073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i81073","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Toxic effects arising from heavy metals and other contaminants in the environment are presently been tackled by the use of medicinal plants. Thus, this study evaluated the protective effects of combined extract of Psidium guajava and Carica papaya leaves on kidney injury occasioned by cadmium (Cd) toxicity. \u0000Materials and Methods: Phytochemical investigation of the combined extract revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, triterpene, steroids, alkaloids, cardiac glycoside, anthocyanins, and anthraquinone and the the extract displayed excellent antioxidant capacity in vitro. Eighteen adult female rats were divided into three groups: Group 1 (Control, received feed and water only); Group 2 (Cadmium, received single dose of cadmium, 30mg/kg body weight at the start of the experiment) and Group 3 (Cadmium + combined leaf extract, received cadmium as in group 2 above and 200mg/kg body weight of extract, daily for two weeks). \u0000Results: Intoxication with Cd causes significantly (p<0.05) increased in the levels of lipid peroxidation and in the activity of glutathione peroxidase. Cd intoxication also depleted glutathione (GSH), super oxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) reserves and brought about a significant increase in serum urea, creatinine, sodium and potassium. However a significant (p<0.05) normalization in the levels of GSH, SOD, CAT, urea, creatinine, sodium and potassium was observed in Cd-intoxicated rats administered the extracts as compared to the control (untreated rats). \u0000Conclusion: The results reveal that Cd causes nephro-toxicities manifested via lipid peroxidation, increase in serum levels of urea, creatinine, sodium and potassium ions and that the combined extract of Psidium guajava and Carica papaya leaves possess adequate antioxidant power against Cd-induced nephro-toxic effects.","PeriodicalId":505327,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Health","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central Hypopituitarism with Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency after Postpartum Hemorrhage in a 41 Years Old Female Patient","authors":"Samar Soliman","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i81072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i81072","url":null,"abstract":"The case about female presented with chronic fatigue for more than 1 year with progressive weight loss and her basic blood investigations were normal  and mis diagnosed as gastritis due to H-PYLORI Infection with multiple courses of antibiotics but after careful history taking a relation made between onset of her symptoms and her last complicated childbirth followed by failed lactation , so focused laboratory investigations requested to rule out pituitary infarction and secondary adrenal insufficiency which was confirmed and patient started to get the proper treatment and follow up with much improvement later on. \u0000In conclusion, this case demonstrates the typical symptoms and difficulties in diagnosing Sheehan syndrome. While H. pylori infection can contribute to gastrointestinal symptoms, a thorough history taking is crucial to differentiate it from other causes of chronic fatigue and weight loss. This comprehensive approach can prevent unnecessary treatment and ensure timely diagnosis of potentially more serious conditions. It is crucial to regularly follow up and monitor patients with Sheehan syndrome to effectively administer hormone replacement therapy and identify any developing endocrine issues.","PeriodicalId":505327,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Health","volume":"115 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141821910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Digital Surveillance for the COVID-19 and Dengue Co-Epidemic (SMART-CODEN) in Indonesia","authors":"S. Purnama, Made Subrata, Pasek Kardiwinata","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i81071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i81071","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The concurrent occurrence of COVID-19 and Dengue is a significant public health issue that requires attention. Developing a digital-based integrated surveillance system is crucial for data collection. \u0000Objective: This project aims to create a digital surveillance system, SMART-CODEN, specifically designed for monitoring the co-epidemic of COVID-19 and Dengue. SMART-CODEN is a cutting-edge surveillance system that integrates real-time data analysis and case mapping to effectively and efficiently monitor and analyze the progress of these two illnesses. \u0000Method: This study employs the SLDC framework, utilizing an Agile Model approach. The agile model is a versatile and incremental approach to software development. During the needs analysis stage, extensive interviews were carried out with healthcare professionals, technological innovators, and other relevant parties to comprehensively understand the requirements and difficulties in COVID-19 and Dengue surveillance. The acquired data is utilized to develop systems that can identify, monitor, and conduct precise analysis early. \u0000Findings: The research findings demonstrate that SMART-CODEN can enhance the velocity and precision of early identification of COVID-19 and Dengue cases compared to conventional monitoring approaches. This approach also enables health authorities to take faster and more focused preventive measures and promotes decision-making based on data. Implementing SMART-CODEN can also foster active community engagement in reporting symptoms and cases, mitigating the disease transmission rate. SMART-CODEN specifically decreased the time it takes to identify anything by 40%, attained a detection accuracy rate of 95%, enhanced the speed at which health authorities respond by 35%, and raised community reporting by 50%. \u0000Conclusion: In summary, this study determines that creating the SMART-CODEN design results in a successful and original surveillance system that may be used for controlling infectious diseases.","PeriodicalId":505327,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Health","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141826376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Nitrofurantoin and Fosfomycin against Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Uropathogens in the Era of Antibiotic Resistance: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Ankita Dahiya, Pragati Grover, Bharti Arora, Deepti Jain, Sonia Chugh","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i81070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i81070","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections that require medical care. It accounts for 25% of all infections. Limited number of antibiotics are available for the treatment of UTI due to increased resistance among uropathogens. Aim of the study is to determine the causative agents of UTI and to evaluate the action of nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin against Enterobacteriaceae in ESBL (Extended spectrum beta-lactamase) producing strains. \u0000Material and Methods: It is a retrospective study carried out in the department of Microbiology, MAMC, Agroha. Data related to urine culture and antibiotic susceptibility pattern from January 2023 to December 2023 was taken from the records and analysed. \u0000Results: Out of 1648 urine samples processed, 569 showed significant bacterial growth. Escherichia coli (45.3%) was the most common isolate followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (20.5%), Enterococcus (17.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (5%). Among the gram negative bacilli, 40% were ESBL producers. These ESBL producing strains were 99% sensitive to Fosfomycin and 75% sensitive to Nitrofurantoin. \u0000Conclusion: The study revealed that Nitrofurantoin and Fosfomycin are very effective oral drugs for empirical treatment against gram negative uropathogens causing UTI, especially multi drug resistant strains.","PeriodicalId":505327,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Health","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception and Acceptance of Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine by Mothers in Owerri, Nigeria: A Cross Sectional Study","authors":"J. Ezeogu, Kingsley Asinobi, Chidimma Noela Okeji, Chioma Theresa Chimah","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i81069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i81069","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among female children 9-14 years is critical to reducing the burden of HPV-related cancers in Nigeria. We assessed caregivers’ perception and acceptance of HPV vaccination for their wards; using a structured, pretested, self-administered questionnaire in a face-to-face interview among caregivers attending a well-child/immunization clinic in Owerri, Nigeria.   \u0000Methodology: Participants were recruited by convenience sampling method between August and October 2023.We analysed the cross-sectional data from 267 caregivers of caregivers aged 20–57years in a Nigerian Teaching hospital. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis to investigate the factors associated with HPV vaccination uptake. \u0000Among the respondents, 132 (49.4%) of them had heard about HPV, and 52 (19.5%) stated that it could prevent cervical cancer. Bivariate analysis, demonstrated that tertiary education in the mother (OR 2.25, 95%CI 1.27 to 4.02) and father (OR 2.25, 95%CI 1.28 to 3.85) were significantly associated with their knowledge of HPV vaccine and their wards’ probability of taking the HPV vaccine. Participants’ intention to give HPV vaccination to their children was 77.5%. Our findings suggest that interventions tailored to enhance education and support of caregivers would significantly increase HPV vaccination among females in Nigeria. \u0000Conclusion: Being well-educated appears to guarantee good knowledge of the HPV vaccine, but not HPV prevention of cervical cancer role. Our respondents’ intention to have the HPV vaccine administered to their children was high. Concerted efforts need to be made by government and health workers to create awareness about HPV infection, HPV vaccine amongst caregivers to enhance HPV vaccine uptake.","PeriodicalId":505327,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Health","volume":" 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141831144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Hazard Exposure: Assessment of Hypogonadism and Dyslipidemia in House and Automobile Painters in Ilorin, Nigeria","authors":"G. Adeosun, Aminat T. Akorede, Remilekun Akinrinmade, David D, Ajayi, K. A. Ajibola, Abdullahi O. Olawuyi, J. K. Fadairo","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i81068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i81068","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To investigate the impact of human exposure to the constituents of paint on serum reproductive hormone and Lipid profile among occupationally exposed House and Automobile spray painters in Yakuba district of Ilorin East Local Government area of Kwara State. Nigeria. \u0000Study Design: Experimental./ Cross sectional. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Yakuba district of Ilorin East Local Government area of Kwara State. Nigeria, 6months; between July 23 and January 2024. \u0000Methodology: 120 male participants were recruited for this study with the mean age 33.15±0.86 years. The participants included 40 automobile painters, 40 house painters, and male artisans who were not painters and served as the control group .Venous Blood samples were collected from both the test and control subjects for the measurement of serum lipids and testosterone using reference techniques. \u0000Results: Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HD and LDL cholesterol were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the exposed automobile and house painters than the control groups. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the serum lipid values of the automobile and the house painters. The serum testosterone level in both group of exposed painters was statistically similar(P>0.05). \u0000There was no significant correlation (P>0.05) between the frequency of cars or houses painted per month and work experience with the lipid profile parameters and testosterone levels in the occupationally exposed house and automobile painters. \u0000Conclusion: Occupational exposure to some chemical constituents of paint is associated with dyslipidemia and decrease serum testosterone which may precipitate adverse ill health among the painters.","PeriodicalId":505327,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Health","volume":"22 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141641439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Analytics: From Diagnosis to Treatment Optimization","authors":"Tushar Khinvasara, Kimberly Morton Cuthrell, Nikolaos Tzenios","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i81066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i81066","url":null,"abstract":"The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare analytics has brought about a transformation in the medical field of diagnosis and treatment optimization. AI technologies have unmatched abilities in processing substantial amounts of medical data and extracting valuable insights by combining big data analytics and advanced machine learning algorithms. AI algorithms provide healthcare professionals with enhanced accuracy and speed in diagnosing illnesses, predicting patient results, and tailoring treatment plans across the entire healthcare journey. This abstract explores how artificial intelligence (AI) can revolutionize healthcare analytics in various areas such as genomics, electronic health records (EHRs), medical imaging, and clinical decision support systems. Healthcare providers can improve healthcare services by optimizing workflows, enhancing patient outcomes, and using AI-driven initiatives to make services more accessible and high in quality. In order to ensure ethical and accountable use of AI in healthcare, it is necessary to address problems such as algorithm bias, data privacy worries, and regulatory obstacles. Despite these challenges, the ongoing advancement of AI technologies has vast potential to transform patient care models and healthcare delivery methods.","PeriodicalId":505327,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Health","volume":"4 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141662594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Liver of Young and Old Female Rats Exhibits Heightened Susceptibility to Dichlorvos Exposure","authors":"S. Ige, B. Olateju, Salami Kauthar, Andrew Sharon Julius, Amusan Joshua Tolulope","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i81067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i81067","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure to industrial and agricultural environmental contaminants has been shown to produce deleterious effects on different organs of the human body. Dichlorvos [O, O-dimethyl O-(2,2-dichlorovinyl) phosphate, DDVP] is a major organophosphate pesticide used mostly in developing countries for domestic and agricultural insect control. The toxic effects of DDVP have been reported on many organs. However, its gender and age-dependent effects on the liver are yet to be documented. This study investigated the influence of gender and age on liver damage in male and female rats exposed to DDVP. Animals were divided into control and experimental groups with age and gender classification. Using age, rats were classified into young, middle-aged, and old age groups. Rats in the experimental groups were exposed to DDVP from 8 am to 12 noon for five weeks. Rats were subsequently euthanized and liver tissues were harvested for biochemical assay. Glutamyl transferase (GGT), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Albumin, and conjugated bilirubin were assayed using ELISA kits. Statistical analysis was done using two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey post-Hoc test at significance level of p<0.05. Our study found that DDVP exposure caused liver damage in female rats only with significant elevation in liver enzymes such as ALP, ALT, AST, and LDH. However, the male rats showed more resistance to DDVP exposure. The liver damage observed in female rats was age-dependent, with young and old rats showing higher susceptibility compared to middle-aged female rats. Nutritional and pharmacological strategies are recommended to mitigate the effect of DDVP exposure, particularly in populations at higher risk of exposure.  \u0000","PeriodicalId":505327,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medicine and Health","volume":"86 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141663005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}