DiachronicaPub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.1075/dia.22043.sid
A. Sideltsev
{"title":"Insubordination and what happens after it","authors":"A. Sideltsev","doi":"10.1075/dia.22043.sid","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.22043.sid","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 One of the sources of irrealis markers is former markers of conditional sentences, both protases and apodoses,\u0000 both factual and counterfactual. The development, amply documented cross-linguistically, is that of insubordination: a former\u0000 marker of subordination is used as an irrealis marker in main clauses. However, the next stage of development is not commonly\u0000 observed: when irrealis markers that came into being as the result of insubordination and are used in main clauses spread back to\u0000 their original locus, conditional sentences. The paper deals with a clear attestation of this pattern in Hittite, an extinct\u0000 Indo-European language. It is argued that the development is part of a linguistic cycle of the ‘broken’ kind, i.e., that the cycle\u0000 changed by other processes simultaneously operating in the language.","PeriodicalId":505176,"journal":{"name":"Diachronica","volume":"119 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141820727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
DiachronicaPub Date : 2024-04-25DOI: 10.1075/dia.23020.hal
T. Halm
{"title":"Reconstructing the decoupling of case and agreement in Old Hungarian","authors":"T. Halm","doi":"10.1075/dia.23020.hal","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.23020.hal","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The interdependence of accusative case and object agreement has changed dramatically during the history of Ugric languages. While Proto-Ugric exhibited full interdependence (mediated by topicality), this connection has loosened in the extant Ob-Ugric languages (Mansi and Khanty), and it is severed completely in Late to Modern Hungarian. In this paper, I introduce new, hitherto unreported empirical evidence from nicknames and family names that preserve archaic syntactic features for an intermediate stage of Early Old Hungarian (which predates our earliest written records) where case assignment was still a function of topicality but object agreement was already a function of definiteness. In addition to providing insight into an unrecorded stage of Hungarian, my findings also contribute to a more thorough understanding of the connection between case, agreement and information structure in Ugric and beyond.","PeriodicalId":505176,"journal":{"name":"Diachronica","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140658542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
DiachronicaPub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.1075/dia.22031.gol
David Goldstein
{"title":"Divergence-time estimation in Indo-European","authors":"David Goldstein","doi":"10.1075/dia.22031.gol","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.22031.gol","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Divergence-time estimation is one of the most important endeavors in historical linguistics. Its importance is\u0000 matched only by its difficulty. As Bayesian methods of divergence-time estimation have become more common over the past two\u0000 decades, a number of critical issues have come to the fore, including model sensitivity, the dependence of root-age estimates on\u0000 uncertain interior-node ages, and the relationship between ancient languages and their modern counterparts. This study addresses\u0000 these issues in an investigation of a particularly fraught case within Indo-European: the diversification of Latin into the\u0000 Romance languages. The results of this study support a gradualist account of their formation that most likely began after 300\u0000 CE. They also bolster the view that Classical Latin is a sampled ancestor of the Romance languages (i.e., it lies\u0000 along the branch leading to the Romance languages).","PeriodicalId":505176,"journal":{"name":"Diachronica","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140696175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
DiachronicaPub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.1075/dia.22022.ski
Hedvig Skirgård
{"title":"Disentangling Ancestral State Reconstruction in historical linguistics","authors":"Hedvig Skirgård","doi":"10.1075/dia.22022.ski","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.22022.ski","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Ancestral State Reconstruction (ASR) is an essential part of historical linguistics (HL).\u0000 Conventional ASR in HL relies on three core principles: fewest changes on the tree, plausibility of changes and\u0000 plausibility of the resulting combinations of features in proto-languages. This approach has some problems, in particular the\u0000 definition of what is plausible and the disregard for branch lengths. This study compares the classic approach of ASR to\u0000 computational tools (Maximum Parsimony and Maximum Likelihood), conceptually and practically. Computational models have the\u0000 advantage of being more transparent, consistent and replicable, and the disadvantage of lacking nuanced knowledge and context.\u0000 Using data from the structural database Grambank, I compare reconstructions of the grammar of ancestral Oceanic languages from\u0000 the HL literature to those achieved by computational means. The results show that there is a high degree of\u0000 agreement between manual and computational approaches, with a tendency for classical HL to ignore branch lengths.\u0000 Explicitly taking branch lengths into account is more conceptually sound; as such the field of HL should\u0000 engage in improving methods in this direction. A combination of computational methods and qualitative knowledge is possible in the\u0000 future and would be of great benefit.","PeriodicalId":505176,"journal":{"name":"Diachronica","volume":"57 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140258635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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