Archives of Current Research International最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Nutritional Quality and Organoleptic Properties of Soy-poundo Yam Flour","authors":"J. Okoye, J. I. Nwodo, S. I. Eze","doi":"10.9734/acri/2024/v24i4661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/acri/2024/v24i4661","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed specifically to evaluate the nutrient composition and sensory properties of soy-poundo yam flours produced from white yam and soybean flours. The white yam tubers and soybean seeds were processed into flours and blended in the ratios of 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50, respectively and used to produce soy-poundo yam flours with 100 % instant yam flour used as control. The samples of soy-poundo yam flour produced were evaluated for nutrient composition and sensory properties using standard methods. The moisture, crude protein, fat, ash  and crude fibre contents of the samples increased significantly (p<0.05) with increase in substitution of soybean flour from 7.56 - 8.36%,  4.41 – 21.14%,  4.18- 5.09%, 2.51- 4.16% and 2.76 - 4.06%, respectively, while their carbohydrate and energy contents decreased from 78.74-57.21% and 370.16- 359.15KJ/100g, respectively. The mineral composition of the samples revealed that the potassium, magnesium, manganese, iron, zinc and copper contents of the products ranged from 78.34 – 164.11mg/100g, 2.46 -17.14mg/100g, 20.48 -125.53mg/100g,1.56 -2.23mg/100g, 1.78 -263mg/100g and 2.88 – 3.64mg/100g, respectively. The vitamin content of the samples showed that the vitamin A, pyridoxine, ascorbic acid, thiamine, vitamin E and niacin contents ranged from 12.00-12.70mg/100g, 2.28-2.59mg/100g, 16.1-17.07mg/100g, 56.07- 74.46mg/100g, 3.34-4.10mg/100g and 2.29 -3.22mg/100g, respectively with the control sample having the least values for all the vitamins evaluated. The sensory properties of the soy-poundo yam flour doughs obtained upon reconstitution of the samples with boiling water also revealed that the colour, taste, texture and aroma of the control sample (Poundo yam prepared from 100% instant yam flour) were the most acceptable to the assessors compared to the samples prepared from the substituted samples. Although the poundo yam dough made from the control sample was the most acceptable, the other test samples prepared from soy-yam composite blends were equally acceptable based on their relatively high scores in all the sensory attributes evaluated by the judges. The study, therefore, showed that the enrichment of yam flour with soybean at different graded levels would not only improve the nutrient contents of soy-poundo yam flour but would also add varieties to poundo yam meal due to improvement in its colour and texture.","PeriodicalId":505151,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Current Research International","volume":"37 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140234361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact Assessment of Water Users’ Co-operatives Initiative on Farms Returns in Bhadra Command Area of Shivamogga District, Karnataka, India","authors":"Seemakowsar, N., Ramu, M. S., Sadhana, H. S., Nayana, H. N.","doi":"10.9734/acri/2024/v24i4662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/acri/2024/v24i4662","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was undertaken in Southern Transition Zone of Karnataka to estimate the impact of water users’ cooperatives (WUCs) initiative on returns realized by farmers in study area. Four villages of Bhadravathi taluk were selected, two having active WUCs i.e Kagekodamagge and Dananayakapura and remaining two having flaccid WUCs i.e Sriramanagara and Tiplapura. The required data was collected from 30 farmers from each WUCs. The net returns per ha for Arecanut (A), Arecanut+Coconut (A+C), Arecanut+Coconut+Banana (A+C+B), paddy and sugarcane was higher in farms under active water users’ co-operatives (Rs.6,45,094, Rs.7,07,192, Rs.8,08,093, Rs.8,166 and Rs.54,931) than flaccid water users’ co-operatives (Rs.4,26,072, Rs.4,50,459, Rs.5,28,057, Rs.7,284 and Rs.39,740). This can be mainly attributed to equitable distribution of water from head reach to tail reach along the canal in active water users’ cooperatives. For A, A+C and A+C+B cropping systems there was not much difference in net returns per ha between head reach (Rs. 4,76,100, Rs. 5,16,378 and Rs. 5,82,923 respectively) and tail reach (Rs. 4,31,215, Rs. 4,70,616 and Rs. 5,33,816 respectively) farmers of active water users’ co-operatives. Whereas in areas under flaccid water users’ co-operatives, the net returns per ha for head reach farmers was higher by Rs. 52,553, Rs. 64,142 and Rs. 1,45,721 over the tail reach farmers. The results from the study draw attention for the need of activating flaccid WUCs and establishing new WUCs in command areas to achieve higher net returns by all farmers along the canal.","PeriodicalId":505151,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Current Research International","volume":"83 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140232275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Amentoflavone-Rich Extract of Ouratea fieldingiana Leaves Presents Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activity in Mice","authors":"L. S. Frota, Francisco Glerison da Silva Nascimento, Leonardo Soares Freitas, Francisco F. S. Lopes, Ramon Róseo Paula Pessoa Bezerra de Menezes, A. F. Pires, R. Castro, A. Assreuy, S. M. D. Morais","doi":"10.9734/acri/2024/v24i4660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/acri/2024/v24i4660","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the Ouratea fieldingiana leaf extract (OFE) and its main constituent amentoflavone (AMT).\u0000Study Design: The phenolic compounds of Ouratea fieldingiana leaves (OFE) were quantified, the chemical structure characterized and the anti-inflammatory effect of OFE and amentoflavone was evaluated in mice paw edema and peritonitis.\u0000Place and Duration of Study: The work involved the partnership of the Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory and Inflammation Physio pharmacology Laboratory, between July 2020 and June 2021.\u0000Methodology: The OFE was obtained from 70% ethanol extract of O. fieldingiana. OFE was subjected to classic chromatographic column furnishing AMT. The phenolic compounds were characterized by HPLC and quantified by Follin-Ciocalteu methodology. The antiradical potential was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS methods. Anti-inflammatory activity was determined in female Swiss mice received per oral OFE (0.1-10 mg/kg) or sterile saline 60 min before stimulation with carrageenan (300 mg) for quantification of the parameters: edema, abdominal hypernociception, neutrophil migration and oxidative stress markers (reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase and catalase activities).\u0000Results: AMT was identified as the main compound in the OFE (292.64 ± 3.87 mg/g extract). OFE has an average inhibitory concentration of 9.81 ± 0.17 µg/mL extract to inhibit the DPPH radical. OFE and AMT inhibited paw edema [OFE: 32% (0-2 h), 28% (2-4 h); AMT: 55% (0-2h); 51% (2-4 h)], neutrophil migration (OFE: 65%; AMT: 67%); myeloperoxidase activity (OFE: 37%; AMT: 45%) and abdominal hypernociception (OFE: 31%; AMT: 35%). OFE, but not AMT, increased catalase activity (57%) and reduced glutathione (62%), but decreased malondialdehyde (69%).\u0000Conclusion: The amentoflavone-rich extract from O. fieldingiana leaves presents antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo, and anti-inflammatory activity in vivo, corroborating the popular use of the plant.","PeriodicalId":505151,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Current Research International","volume":"82 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140236274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Oxyflower® Gel as an Adjunct in Pericoronitis Treatment: A Randomized, Triple-Blind Clinical Trial","authors":"Esmeralda Maria da Silveira, E. Galvão, Rafael Alvim Magesty, Kaio Henrique Soares, Olga Beatriz Lopes Martins, Dhelfeson Willya Douglas de Oliveira, O. D. Flecha, F. D. Verli, Patrícia Furtado Gonçalves","doi":"10.9734/acri/2024/v24i4659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/acri/2024/v24i4659","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Floral and vibrational therapies represent an emerging field in dental therapy, however, good quality clinical research is still needed. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of Oxyflower® gel as an adjunct in pericoronitis treatment, evaluating clinical parameters and the impact on the quality of life of patients.\u0000Methodology: A randomized controlled, triple-blind, longitudinal clinical trial was performed. The sample consisted of 55 participants diagnosed with pericoronitis at the Periodontics and Surgery Clinic of UFVJM. Patients underwent emergency treatment, with local debridement and irrigation with saline solution, followed by topical application of the randomly selected gel: Oxyflower® (OXY, n=19); chlorhexidine gel (CLX, n=17), or placebo (PLC, n=19). In cases of pericoronitis with systemic signs/symptoms, such as fever, malaise, and lymphadenopathy, systemic antibiotic therapy was prescribed one hour before debridement, lasting seven days. Participants received guidance on oral hygiene, and adequacy of the area and were instructed to apply the same gel at home, twice a day for seven days, in addition to being instructed to use analgesics when there was pain. Follow-up was done after 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, 90, and 120 days. After 30 days, the definitive treatment was performed according to the indication: extraction, distal wedge surgery, or follow-up. Participants were followed longitudinally for an additional 90 days, totaling 120 days of follow-up. Pain and quality of life (QOL) were evaluated as primary outcomes. As secondary outcomes: probing depth (PD), bone crest level at the distal of the second molar (BCL), mouth opening (MO), and extent of edema/erythema (EEE) in the pericoronal hood region. Plaque Index (PI), Bleeding Index on Probing (BOP), and lower third molar positioning were also evaluated using panoramic radiography. A comparative analysis was performed between the groups using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis for continuous variables. The Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) model was used to estimate the differences between groups in pain, QOL, EEE, MO, PI, BOP, PD, and BCL values at each follow-up time. Post-hoc tests of the main effects and interactions were performed using Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons.\u0000Results: The GEE model revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups for pain, QOL, EEE, MO, BOP, and PD (p>0.05). However, there was an improvement in clinical parameters and QOL over time, regardless of treatment (p<0.01). For the variables PI and BCL, there was an interaction effect between time and intervention.\u0000Conclusion: Oxyflower® gel offered no additional benefit in the treatment of pericoronitis when compared to the chlorhexidine gel or placebo. Local debridement and irrigation with saline solution seem to be sufficient to improve the clinical parameters and QOL of th","PeriodicalId":505151,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Current Research International","volume":"14 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140240507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Principal Component Analysis of Yield and Its Attributing Traits in Recombinant Inbred Lines of Rice Under Submerged Condition (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"Lakshmeesha R, Mahesh, H.B., Basavaraj M Pattanashetti, K. M. Harinikumar, Veena S Anil","doi":"10.9734/acri/2024/v24i4658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/acri/2024/v24i4658","url":null,"abstract":"Rice, Oryza sativa L., is the world's most important staple crop, feeding more than half of the world's population. The phenotype of plant is the result of interaction of many factors and final yield is the sum of total effect of several component factors. Therefore evaluation of genetic variability forms the basis for any crop improvement programme, the success of which depends on sufficient genetic variability among genotypes so as to permit effective selection. Hence Evaluation of Principle Component Analysis (PCA)of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was done at phenotypic level under submerged conditions to reduce a large series of data into smaller number of components by looking for groups that have very strong inter-correlation in a set of variables and each component explained per cent variation to the total variability. The RIL population was derived from an inter-specific cross between BPT5204 and HPR14 parents. A study was conducted using 1256 Recombinant Inbreed Lines submerged condition in the two seasons at College of Agriculture V.C. Farm, Mandya with nine agro-morphological traits and a principle component analysis was carried out. Out of nine principle components, four exhibited Eigenvalue more than one governing 77.74% variance and 69.86% variance in the summer and kharif seasons respectively. The highest positive Eigenvalue was observed for total number of tillers, productive tillers, non-productive tillers and fallowed by single plant yield in PC1 in the summer and kharif season respectively. The highest positive Eigenvalue was observed for five panicle weight, single panicle length, single plant yield and plant height in PC2 of summer and kharif season respectively. Indicating their pronounced effect on the overall variation in the Recombinant Inbreed Lines of Rice.","PeriodicalId":505151,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Current Research International","volume":"12 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140240949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on Storage Stability of Brown Rice-Based Instant Khichdi Mix","authors":"Nishu, Monika Sood, J. Bandral, Neeraj Gupta, Duwa","doi":"10.9734/acri/2024/v24i4657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/acri/2024/v24i4657","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the current research was to formulate the instant khichdi mix from processed brown rice (IBR) and dehulled mungbean (IDM) and to evaluate its minerals, bioactive components, microbiological and organoleptic parameters during storage of 90 days. Six composite instant khichdi mixes were formulated by taking different proportions of processed brown rice and dehulled mungbean in the ratios of T1 (100:00::IBR:IDM), T2 (90:10:: IBR:IDM), T3 (80:20::IBR:IDM), T4 (70:30::IBR:IDM), T5 (60:40::IBR:IDM) and T6 (50:50::IBR:IDM). The prepared instant khichdi mix was packed in aluminum laminates and stored under ambient conditions (32 (pm) 2oC)for a period of 90 days. Results revealed that iron, calcium and potassium showed an increasing trend from 3.53 to 5.50, 26.65 to 67.82 and 256.40 to 700.68 mg per 100 g, respectively with the incorporation of processed dehulled mungbean. The maximum mean total phenolic content of 165.89 mg GAE per 100 g was recorded in treatment T6 (50:50::IBR:IDM). However, the maximum mean antioxidant activity of 46.12 per cent was recorded in treatment T1 (100:00::IBR:IDM). Sensory evaluation revealed that the highest mean overall acceptability scores of 7.91 was recorded in T5 (60:40:: IBR:IDM) which was adjudged as superior among all the treatments of instant khichdi mix. The formulated instant khichdi mix retained its quality throughout the storage period of 90 days with total microbial count within safe limits.","PeriodicalId":505151,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Current Research International","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140244173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of Pedal Powered Atta Chakki Based on Engineering Properties of Selected Food Grains","authors":"Yallappa D., P. Mathad, Ambrish G, U. Nidoni, Roopa Bai, Kavan Kumar V., Ravi Y.","doi":"10.9734/acri/2024/v24i4656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/acri/2024/v24i4656","url":null,"abstract":"The study was aimed to determine engineering properties of food grains which play an important role in the design of functional componenets of pedal-operated flour mill. The crops namely rice, pigeon pea, wheat, sorghum, and maize were selected for the study. Pedal operated flour mill comonents were designed and developed based on the variation of the engineering properties viz., size, shape, aspect ratio, volume, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, bulk density, true density, density, porosity, weight of 1000 grains, angle of repose, static coefficient of friction and hardness. These properties were determined and considered for the design of functional components viz., design of hopper, selection of drive mechanism, design of supporting frame, selection of grinding stones, power transmission, processing unit, safety, and ergonomics for easy and effective operation were made. The engineering properties are of great importance towards proper design, efficient process and equipment development. The developed pedal-operated flour mill is suitable for grinding almost all cereals and pulses to produce Rawa, Flour (Atta), and Dhal for human consumption and also for producing poultry/fish feed by grinding agro by-products and wastes.","PeriodicalId":505151,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Current Research International","volume":"62 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140242269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Validity of Assumption of Zero Net Migration in Estimation of Adult Mortality Using Preston Integrated Approach","authors":"E. C. Nwogu, Ohaegbulam Emmanuel, Osuagwu Chidimma Udo","doi":"10.9734/acri/2024/v24i4654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/acri/2024/v24i4654","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the implication(s) of ignoring net migration in estimation of adult mortality from non-stable population using the Preston [1] integrated method and proposes a method of assessing presence of net migration in a study data. In deriving the model for estimation of adult mortality from non-stable population, Preston [1] has assumed that the study population is closed to migration, that is, the net migration is zero or negligible. However, in most developing countries this assumption is not necessarily true. In this study, the method proposed for assessing the need for adjustment for net migration is the ratio (AF) of the observed  proportion of mid-period population reported as aged x years (c(x,t))  when net migration is not zero to the corresponding proportion when net migration is zero ((hat{c})(x,t)). The Preston [1] approach to estimation of adult mortality is to relate characteristics of the observed population to some life table functions and using this relationship to obtain estimate of the implied level of adult mortality. The results indicate that when net migration is actually zero, the ratio AF is equal to one and different from one when net migration is not zero. Data on age- sex distribution of populations of three selected developing countries were used to illustrate the methods. It has therefore, been recommended that when this ratio is not one an adjustment should be made for net migration.","PeriodicalId":505151,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Current Research International","volume":"189 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140249953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Cordia verbenacea and Propolis as Irrigation Solution on the Bond Strength of Filling Material to the Root Dentin: In vitro Study","authors":"Gabriel Kennedy Barroso, Kaio Henrique Soares, Ângelo Fonseca Silva, T. Fonseca-Silva, C. C. O. Santos","doi":"10.9734/acri/2024/v24i4655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/acri/2024/v24i4655","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Endodontic treatment aims to eliminate pathological microbiota from root canals to prevent or treat infections in periapical tissues. Irrigation is a crucial step in this process, serving important mechanical, chemical, and biological functions. \u0000Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of irrigation with Cordia verbenacea and propolis solutions compared to chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite on the bond strength of the filling material to the root dentin. \u0000Materials and Methods: This In vitro experimental study involved 40 healthy human premolars subjected to the push-out test. The teeth underwent decoronation, followed by biomechanical endodontic preparation using mechanized files. The teeth were then divided into four groups according to the irrigating solution: NaOCl 5.25%, chlorhexidine 2%, aqueous extract of Cordia verbenacea and aqueous extract of propolis. Data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and the Post-Hoc Bonferroni test. \u0000Results: The group irrigated with propolis showed greater resistance to the push-out test in the middle and apical thirds when compared to the other groups (p<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences among the other groups. \u0000Conclusion: Irrigation with propolis extract resulted in higher bond strength of the obturating material to the root canal, while irrigation with Cordia verbenacea showed similar results to chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite.","PeriodicalId":505151,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Current Research International","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140250322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proximate and Microbial Analysis of Yellow, White and Spoilt Garri Sold in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria","authors":"Udensi J. U., Anyanwu C. O., Opara M. C., Egwuogu G. C., Duru C. C., Anyanwu E. C., Nwanaforo E. O.","doi":"10.9734/acri/2024/v24i3653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/acri/2024/v24i3653","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored the proximate and microbial composition of garri, a widely consumed starchy food in West Africa, particularly in Nigeria, Ghana, and neighboring countries. Garri, derived from cassava, is esteemed for its extended shelf life, cost-effectiveness, and nutritional value, holding a significant place in West African diets. Samples of yellow and white garri, including spoilt variations, were procured from four distinct local markets (Obinze, Relief, Eke Ukwu, and Ihiagwa) and subjected to thorough analysis using standard methods. Proximate analysis encompassed key components such as ash content, moisture, fiber content, lipids, protein, carbohydrates, and energy in both white and yellow garri from different markets. White garri exhibited a higher ash content (1.70±0.58%) than yellow garri (1.27±0.24%). Moisture content was greater in white garri (15.74±0.23%) compared to yellow garri (12.55±0.57%). Fiber content was 9.12±0.23% in yellow garri and 8.018±0.09% in white garri. Lipid content was 0.33±0.46% in yellow garri and 0.09±0.18% in white garri. Protein content showed values of 0.50±0.89% for yellow garri and 0.66±0.38% for white garri. Carbohydrate content was 76.91±0.71% in yellow garri and 74.91±0.067% in white garri. Energy content (kJ/100g) was 960.59±0.93 for yellow garri and 1268.18±0.39 for white garri. Microbial analysis conducted on the samples from each market revealed bacterial load of various ranges. Fresh white garri bacterial loads ranged from 3.25±0.83 log10 CFU/g (Ihiagwa) to 3.93±0.67 log CFU/g (Eke Ukwu). Fresh yellow garri bacterial loads ranged from 2.27±0.43 log CFU/g (Ihiagwa) to 2.92±0.54 log CFU/g (Eke Ukwu). Statistical analysis indicated no significant difference (P>0.05) in bacterial loads between white and yellow garri. Spoilt white garri bacterial loads ranged from 5.27±0.56 log CFU/g (Ihiagwa) to 5.93±0.43 log CFU/g (Eke Ukwu), and a similar trend was observed for spoilt yellow garri (5.34±0.46 log CFU/g to 5.95±0.16 log CFU/g). The study identified bacteria isolates, including Bacillus spp, Staphylococcus spp, and Streptococcus spp. This study underscores the importance of educating producers and sellers on proper processing and handling procedures to enhance the microbial quality and safety of garri products. The high microbial load and presence of some pathogenic microorganisms in the garri samples should serve as great eye-opener to the consumers of raw garri.","PeriodicalId":505151,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Current Research International","volume":"181 S472","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140256208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}