IF 1.6 4区地球科学

Erde Pub Date : 2017-09-27 DOI: 10.12854/ERDE-148-43

R. Hafner, Gerhard Rainer

{"title":"Resourcing Salta. Viticulture, soy farming and the contested commodification of land","authors":"R. Hafner, Gerhard Rainer","doi":"10.12854/ERDE-148-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12854/ERDE-148-43","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the increased significance and internationalisation of land tenancy and purchase has led to intensive scientific discussions. In so doing, a majority of the studies try to draw conclusions of the extent and relevance of the land rush by analysing macro-economic data and structures. In our paper, we extend this analysis by applying an ethnographic, local-regional perspective. Argentina has experienced a strong neo-liberal phase in the 1990s; modernisation and particularly globalisation of agriculture has played a central role. The intensification of land use was coupled with new actor constellations, whereby land ownership and tenancy structures changed fundamentally. Embedded in this national context we contrast two production peripheries in the province of Salta: viticulture in the Andean Calchaqui Valleys and soy farming in the Chaco lowlands. In the context of the Chaco’s soy production the agrarian restructuring goes along with the appearance of actors fol-lowing a short-term logic of capital accumulation (almost exclusively through tenancy-relationships). More often than not, so-called pooles de siembra (driven by financial capital) or national agro-actors use the Chaco Salteno as expansion territory and for risk diversification, fostering monofunctional land use. In contrast, actors of wine business in the Calchaqui Valleys follow predominantly long-term logics: Via land purchase and high-level investments in cultivation and irrigation quality wines are produced for a national and international niche market. Due to the association of wine with amenity quality and social status, a tourism and real estate boom has emerged, whereby the storing of and speculation with (surplus) capital is a crucial factor. Land becomes an attractive capital investment due to massively rising prices. The goal of our paper is to analyse and contrast land use changes in the respective study areas and, by doing so, we aim to contribute to the ongoing discussion on the current land rush/land grabbing in Latin America.","PeriodicalId":50505,"journal":{"name":"Erde","volume":"39 1","pages":"121-133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2017-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87392812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Editorial: South American Resource Geographies 社论:南美资源地理

IF 1.6 4区地球科学

Erde Pub Date : 2017-09-27 DOI: 10.12854/ERDE-148-40

M. Coy

引用次数: 0

Urban health challenges in India – lessons learned from a surveillance study in Pune 印度城市卫生挑战——从浦那监测研究中吸取的教训

IF 1.6 4区地球科学

Erde Pub Date : 2017-03-31 DOI: 10.12854/ERDE-148-31

Mareike Kroll, R. Phalkey, S. Dutta, E. Bharucha, Carsten Butsch, F. Kraas

{"title":"Urban health challenges in India – lessons learned from a surveillance study in Pune","authors":"Mareike Kroll, R. Phalkey, S. Dutta, E. Bharucha, Carsten Butsch, F. Kraas","doi":"10.12854/ERDE-148-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12854/ERDE-148-31","url":null,"abstract":"Urban health in India is gaining increasing attention due to the growing share of urban population and the changing living conditions caused by the rapid urbanization process. The rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes is partly attributed to this process making NCD prevention and control one of the biggest public health challenges in the 21th century. Though public health programs in India are increasingly targeting NCDs, data quality and availability to budget scarce resources remains a challenge. The objective of the study was to conceptualize a prototype for an urban NCD sentinel surveillance system to capture data on newly diagnosed NCD cases, taking also into account socio-spatial intraurban differences. As preliminary steps, two systematic literature reviews, mapping of healthcare providers and a knowledge attitude practice survey on disease surveillance were conducted. In total, 258 private primary healthcare providers (allopathy, ayurveda, homeopathy and unani) participated in the survey, out of these 127 agreed to participate in the six months surveillance study, providing data on a monthly basis. The study indicates that, despite the small size and low level of infrastructure in the private clinics, these practitioners play an important role in diagnosing and treating NCDs. They can be involved in NCD surveillance, if the following major barriers are addressed: lack of regulation of the private sector, cross-practices among different systems of medicine, limited clinic infrastructure, and knowledge gaps about disease surveillance. Based on our findings, a voluntary augmented sentinel NCD surveillance system including public and private healthcare facilities at all levels of care might be an adequate approach to monitor NCD related health trends.","PeriodicalId":50505,"journal":{"name":"Erde","volume":"18 1","pages":"74-87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87669312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Late Quaternary aeolian dynamics, pedostratigraphy and soil formation in the North European Lowlands – new findings from the Baruther ice-marginal valley 北欧低地晚第四纪风成动力学、土壤地层学和土壤形成——来自巴鲁瑟冰缘山谷的新发现

IF 1.6 4区地球科学

Erde Pub Date : 2017-03-31 DOI: 10.12854/ERDE-148-30

F. Hirsch, Roland Spröte, T. Fischer, S. Forman, T. Raab, O. Bens, A. Schneider, R. Hüttl

{"title":"Late Quaternary aeolian dynamics, pedostratigraphy and soil formation in the North European Lowlands – new findings from the Baruther ice-marginal valley","authors":"F. Hirsch, Roland Spröte, T. Fischer, S. Forman, T. Raab, O. Bens, A. Schneider, R. Hüttl","doi":"10.12854/ERDE-148-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12854/ERDE-148-30","url":null,"abstract":"The construction of dunes in central Europe reflects ample sediment supply during the last deglacial hemicycle. A Quaternary inland dune complex in southern Brandenburg, Germany, was studied to determine the duration of recent pedogenesis, from two outcrops, which show buried paleosols. An integrative approach, which combined geomorphological, sedimentological, (paleo-)pedological and chronological methods was used to identify aeolian deposition events, ensuing pedogenesis and anthropogenic remobilization. At the outcrops, which were situated approximately 2 km apart from each other, in total twelve samples of the aeolian sands were dated using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and six using 14 C dating. Although the dunes have similar morphological features, these forms have a different history of aeolian sand deposition and pedogenesis. At the older dune (Gl 1) the surface soil is a well developed Podzol, whereas soil development of the younger dune (Gl 2) is clearly in an initial state. The two dunes also differ in grain size distribution and in the presence of buried soils, thereby indicating a climatic impact on aeolian remobilization.","PeriodicalId":50505,"journal":{"name":"Erde","volume":"1 1","pages":"58-73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83533413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Dystopian utopia between mountain and the sea? Second-home production along the Coastal Cordillera of Central Chile 1992-2012 山与海之间的反乌托邦?1992-2012年智利中部沿海科迪勒拉的第二家园生产

IF 1.6 4区地球科学

Erde Pub Date : 2017-03-31 DOI: 10.12854/ERDE-148-28

Rodrigo Hidalgo, Luis Daniel Santana Rivas, Andreas Haller, A. Borsdorf

{"title":"Dystopian utopia between mountain and the sea? Second-home production along the Coastal Cordillera of Central Chile 1992-2012","authors":"Rodrigo Hidalgo, Luis Daniel Santana Rivas, Andreas Haller, A. Borsdorf","doi":"10.12854/ERDE-148-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12854/ERDE-148-28","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades the expansion of the metropolitan areas in Central Chile has produced numerous forms, structures and functions. The amenities of the environment and local food and culture have been used to promote a utopia for future residents, which include many people who have purchased a second home. However in many cases the migrants have suffered frustrations. They found dystopia instead of the promised utopia. By intensifying the metropolization of Central Chile, the real estate sector has produced a space not unlike the spatial conditions the migrants hoped to escape. Pristine environments were transformed into polluted areas, suffering from rapid urbanization, noise, rubbish and an overload of visitors in formerly untouched areas. In this paper we analyse the socio-economic impact and the perception of second-home development. Many of the new apartments, flats and houses are used as second homes, introducing and enhancing new forms of multilocality. The infrastructure is designed for full occupation, yet during many periods of the year it is not used, and those who live there all year round seem lost in large areas devoid of life.","PeriodicalId":50505,"journal":{"name":"Erde","volume":"4 1","pages":"27-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82525962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Belo Monte: Actors and arguments in the struggle over Brazil’s most controversial Amazonian dam 贝罗蒙特:在巴西最具争议的亚马逊大坝的斗争中的演员和争论

IF 1.6 4区地球科学

Erde Pub Date : 2017-03-31 DOI: 10.12854/ERDE-148-27

P. Fearnside

引用次数: 32

The Spanish mortgage crisis: Evidence of the concentration of foreclosures in the most deprived neighbourhoods 西班牙抵押贷款危机:丧失抵押品赎回权集中在最贫困社区的证据

IF 1.6 4区地球科学

Erde Pub Date : 2017-03-31 DOI: 10.12854/ERDE-148-29

A. Gutiérrez, A. Domènech

{"title":"The Spanish mortgage crisis: Evidence of the concentration of foreclosures in the most deprived neighbourhoods","authors":"A. Gutiérrez, A. Domènech","doi":"10.12854/ERDE-148-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12854/ERDE-148-29","url":null,"abstract":"The Spanish mortgage crisis has resulted in a massive process of home dispossession through foreclosures. This process forms part of the logics of accumulation by dispossession supported by the Spanish financial and real estate model. The article uses the city of Lleida as case study to show that the effects of this phenomenon has tended not to be spatially homogenous, but rather to be more concentrated in the most deprived urban areas. The analysis has been focused on two approaches: (1) identifying the characteristics of housing affected by foreclosure processes that have resulted in evictions, and; (2) defining the spatial distribution patterns of this housing. This work demonstrates how evictions due to mortgage foreclosures have followed very clear patterns. Firstly, they have predominantly been focused on lower quality housing (identified in this study as the cheapest and smallest properties). Secondly, Getis-Ord Gi* spatial statistic has been used to show that they have been concentrated in the most deprived areas of the city. Both issues confirm the central hypothesis of our study: the Spanish mortgage crisis has exacerbated existing urban disparities.","PeriodicalId":50505,"journal":{"name":"Erde","volume":"75 1","pages":"39-57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76847846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Polycentric development in China’s mega-city regions, 2001-08: A comparison of the Yangtze and Pearl River Deltas 2001- 2008年中国特大城市地区的多中心发展:长江三角洲与珠江三角洲的比较

IF 1.6 4区地球科学

Erde Pub Date : 2017-03-31 DOI: 10.12854/ERDE-148-26

Miaoxi Zhao, B. Derudder, Junhao Huang

{"title":"Polycentric development in China’s mega-city regions, 2001-08: A comparison of the Yangtze and Pearl River Deltas","authors":"Miaoxi Zhao, B. Derudder, Junhao Huang","doi":"10.12854/ERDE-148-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12854/ERDE-148-26","url":null,"abstract":"Large-scale urban regions are increasingly functioning as the territorial backbone of the global economy. Many of these mega-city regions are polycentric in that they consist of a range of densely interwoven cities and towns. The purpose of this chapter is to analyse the geographies of these polycentric networks in what are arguably China’s two most important mega-city regions: the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and the Pearl River Delta (PRD). To this end, we deployed a methodology that allowed the analysis of the shifting spatial organization of mega-city regions through the lens of the headquarters–branches linkages of corporations; that is, we explored the mega-city regions’ constituent urban networks by looking at the ownership linkages running from a corporation’s headquarters to the corporation’s branches. In the process, this research extended and refined the statistical tools that are often deployed to measure polycentricity. Our results suggest that in both the YRD and the PRD there are more and more linkages interconnecting the mega-city region. The two regions share the following features: the general level of polycentricity is increasing, even though the concentration of headquarters is also increasing; and the growth of the general level of polycentricity mainly originates from higher levels of network density. There are, however, also fundamental differences between the YRD and the PRD: firms in the PRD are more likely to set up branches beyond the prefectures’ boundaries, which results in higher levels of network density than in the YRD; there is a relatively 'flatter' intercity network in the YRD compared to the PRD, in which there are more firms’ links interconnecting the four major cities (Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Dongguan and Foshan), rather than other small and medium-size cities.","PeriodicalId":50505,"journal":{"name":"Erde","volume":"68 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91114102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Editorial to the special section "Geographies of Vulnerability and Resilience – Critical Explorations" “脆弱性和复原力地理学-关键探索”专区社论

IF 1.6 4区地球科学

Erde Pub Date : 2017-01-12 DOI: 10.12854/ERDE-147-20

P. Sakdapolrak, B. Etzold

{"title":"Editorial to the special section \"Geographies of Vulnerability and Resilience – Critical Explorations\"","authors":"P. Sakdapolrak, B. Etzold","doi":"10.12854/ERDE-147-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12854/ERDE-147-20","url":null,"abstract":"In the past 30 years the concept of vulnerability has been an important paradigm in human geography and development studies. Vulnerability analyses have signi icantly enhanced our understanding of everyday life under conditions of poverty and food insecurity in the Global South and of people’s capacities to live with risks and natural hazards (Wisner et al. 2004; Bohle 2007c). A vulnerability perspective has also been adopted by practitioners and served as a guiding principle for policies and development interventions (e.g. IPCC 2015). In the last ten years, we have, however, witnessed a paradigm shift from vulnerability to resilience, a concept that has its roots in ecosystems science and psychology (Luthar 2003; Folke 2006). Some have argued that resilience and vulnerability are like two sides of a coin and are thus compatible (Miller et al. 2010). For many, resilience thinking seems to be more positive and promising. Others argue that the systems perspective of resilience thinking cannot fully capture the everyday life experiences of poverty, hunger and exploitation and people’s creative responses to crises, which stands at the centre of vulnerability research. Some have also argued that resilience thinking is largely apolitical and uncritical of power structures at different scales, and thus plead for an integration of social theories and politics in the concept (Bohle et al. 2009; Cannon and Müller-Mahn 2010; Keck and Sakdapolrak 2013). With this special section we would like to take stock of the debate and reconsider some of the basic conceptual questions in vulnerability and resilience research. What does the paradigm shift from vulnerability to resilience mean for doing research? What roles do social theories, political discourses and critical thinking play for each concept? Where is the geography in contemporary vulnerability and resilience research? And what is the role of human agency for vulnerability and resilience?","PeriodicalId":50505,"journal":{"name":"Erde","volume":"451 1","pages":"230-233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2017-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84799169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What do you mean when you say "urban"? Divergence between everyday language and Northern analytical vocabularies in South African Cities 你说的"城市"是什么意思?南非城市中日常语言与北方分析词汇的差异

IF 1.6 4区地球科学

Erde Pub Date : 2016-12-30 DOI: 10.12854/ERDE-147-25

Joseph Pierce, M. Lawhon

引用次数: 3

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