Evolutionary Bioinformatics最新文献

{"title":"Exploration of Prognostic Biomarkers among Replication Factor C Family in the Hepatocellular Carcinoma.","authors":"Jianxiong Deng,&nbsp;Fangyan Zhong,&nbsp;Weiguo Gu,&nbsp;Feng Qiu","doi":"10.1177/1176934321994109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1176934321994109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the common cancers with a high incidence and mortality. The human replication factor C (RFC) family contains 5 subunits that play an important role in DNA replication and DNA damage repair. RFCs are abnormally expressed in a variety of cancers; some of them are differentially expressed in HCC tissues and related to tumor growth. However, the expression, prognostic value, and effect targets of the whole RFC family in HCC are still unclear. To address these issues, we performed a multidimensional analysis of RFCs in HCC patients by Oncomine, UALCAN, GEPIA, Human protein atlas, Kaplan-Meier plotter, cBioPortal, GeneMANIA, String, and LinkedOmics. mRNA expression of RFCs was significantly increased in HCC tissues. There was a significant correlation between the expression of RFC2/3/4/5 and tumor stage of HCC patients. Besides, high mRNA expression of RFC2/4 was associated with worse overall survival (OS). Moreover, genetic alterations of RFCs were associated with worse OS in HCC patients. We found that genes co-expressed with RFC2/4 were mainly involved in biological processes, such as chromosome segregation, mitotic cell cycle phase transition, and telomere organization and they activated the cell cycle and spliceosome pathways. The gene set is mainly enriched in cancer-related kinases AURKA, ATR, CDK1, PLK1, and CHEK1. E2F family members were the key transcription factors for RFCs. Our results suggest that differentially expressed RFC2 and RFC4 are potential prognostic biomarkers in HCC and may act on E2F transcription factors and some kinase targets to dysregulate the cell cycle pathway. These efforts may provide new research directions for prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in HCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":50472,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Bioinformatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1176934321994109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25402387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Full-Length 16S rRNA and <i>ITS</i> Gene Sequencing Revealed Rich Microbial Flora in Roots of <i>Cycas</i> spp. in China.","authors":"Melissa H Pecundo, Aimee Caye G Chang, Tao Chen, Thomas Edison E Dela Cruz, Hai Ren, Nan Li","doi":"10.1177/1176934321989713","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1176934321989713","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cycads have developed a complex root system categorized either as normal or coralloid roots. Past literatures revealed that a great diversity of key microbes is associated with these roots. This recent study aims to comprehensively determine the diversity and community structure of bacteria and fungi associated with the roots of two <i>Cycas</i> spp. endemic to China, <i>Cycas debaoensis</i> Zhong & Chen and <i>Cycas fairylakea</i> D.Y. Wang using high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the full-length 16S rRNA (V1-V9 hypervariable) and short fragment ITS region. The total DNA from 12 root samples were extracted, amplified, sequenced, and analyzed. Resulting sequences were clustered into 61 bacteria and 2128 fungal OTUs. Analysis of community structure revealed that the coralloid roots were dominated mostly by the nitrogen-fixer Nostocaceae but also contain other non-diazotrophic bacteria. The sequencing of entire 16S rRNA gene identified four different strains of cyanobacteria under the heterocystous genera <i>Nostoc</i> and <i>Desmonostoc</i>. Meanwhile, the top bacterial families in normal roots were Xanthobacteraceae, Burkholderiaceae, and Bacillaceae. Moreover, a diverse fungal community was also found in the roots of cycads and the predominating families were Ophiocordycipitaceae, Nectriaceae, Bionectriaceae, and Trichocomaceae. Our results demonstrated that bacterial diversity in normal roots of <i>C. fairylakea</i> is higher in richness and abundance than <i>C. debaoensis</i>. On the other hand, a slight difference, albeit insignificant, was noted for the diversity of fungi among root types and host species as the number of shared taxa is relatively high (67%). Our results suggested that diverse microbes are present in roots of cycads which potentially interact together to support cycads survival. Our study provided additional knowledge on the microbial diversity and composition in cycads and thus expanding our current knowledge on cycad-microbe association. Our study also considered the possible impact of ex situ conservation on cyanobiont community of cycads.</p>","PeriodicalId":50472,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Bioinformatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1176934321989713","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25389439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature and Latitude Correlate with SARS-CoV-2 Epidemiological Variables but not with Genomic Change Worldwide.","authors":"Prakruthi Burra, Katiria Soto-Díaz, Izan Chalen, Rafael Jaime Gonzalez-Ricon, Dave Istanto, Gustavo Caetano-Anollés","doi":"10.1177/1176934321989695","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1176934321989695","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes the COVID-19 disease has spread quickly and massively around the entire globe, causing millions of confirmed cases and deaths worldwide. The disease poses a serious ongoing threat to public health. This study aims to understand the disease potential of the virus in different regions by studying how average spring temperature and its strong predictor, latitude, affect epidemiological variables such as disease incidence, mortality, recovery cases, active cases, testing rate, and hospitalization. We also seek to understand the association of temperature and geographic coordinates with viral genomics. Epidemiological data along with temperature, latitude, longitude, and preparedness index were collected for different countries and US states during the early stages of the pandemic. Our worldwide epidemiological analysis showed a significant correlation between temperature and incidence, mortality, recovery cases and active cases. The same tendency was found with latitude, but not with longitude. In the US, we observed no correlation between temperature or latitude and epidemiological variables. Interestingly, longitude was correlated with incidence, mortality, active cases, and hospitalization. An analysis of mutational change and mutational change per time in 55 453 aligned SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences revealed these parameters were uncorrelated with temperature and geographic coordinates. The epidemiological trends we observed worldwide suggest a seasonal effect for the disease that is not directly controlled by the genomic makeup of the virus. Future studies will need to determine if correlations are more likely the result of effects associated with the environment or the innate immunity of the host.</p>","PeriodicalId":50472,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Bioinformatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/db/0a/10.1177_1176934321989695.PMC7841253.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25340835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Intron of Invertebrate Microphthalmia Transcription Factor Gene Is Evolved from a Longer Ancestral Sequence.","authors":"Jun-Ming Mao,&nbsp;Yong Wang,&nbsp;Liu Yang,&nbsp;Qin Yao,&nbsp;Ke-Ping Chen","doi":"10.1177/1176934320988558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1176934320988558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introns are highly variable in number and size. Sequence simulation is an effective method to elucidate intron evolution patterns. Previously, we have reported that introns are more likely to evolve through mutation-and-deletion (MD) rather than through mutation-and-insertion (MI). In the present study, we further studied evolution models by allowing insertion in the MD model and by allowing deletion in the MI model at various frequencies. It was found that all deletion-biased models with proper parameter settings could generate sequences with attributes matchable to 16 invertebrate introns from the microphthalmia transcription factor gene, whereas all insertion-biased models with any parameter settings failed to generate such sequences. We conclude that the examined invertebrate introns may have evolved from a longer ancestral sequence in a deletion-biased pattern. The constructed models are useful for studying the evolution of introns from other genes and/or from other taxonomic groups. (C++ scripts of all deletion- and insertion-biased models are available upon request.).</p>","PeriodicalId":50472,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Bioinformatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1176934320988558","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25340834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NLPEI: A Novel Self-Interacting Protein Prediction Model Based on Natural Language Processing and Evolutionary Information.","authors":"Li-Na Jia,&nbsp;Xin Yan,&nbsp;Zhu-Hong You,&nbsp;Xi Zhou,&nbsp;Li-Ping Li,&nbsp;Lei Wang,&nbsp;Ke-Jian Song","doi":"10.1177/1176934320984171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1176934320984171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study of protein self-interactions (SIPs) can not only reveal the function of proteins at the molecular level, but is also crucial to understand activities such as growth, development, differentiation, and apoptosis, providing an important theoretical basis for exploring the mechanism of major diseases. With the rapid advances in biotechnology, a large number of SIPs have been discovered. However, due to the long period and high cost inherent to biological experiments, the gap between the identification of SIPs and the accumulation of data is growing. Therefore, fast and accurate computational methods are needed to effectively predict SIPs. In this study, we designed a new method, NLPEI, for predicting SIPs based on natural language understanding theory and evolutionary information. Specifically, we first understand the protein sequence as natural language and use natural language processing algorithms to extract its features. Then, we use the Position-Specific Scoring Matrix (PSSM) to represent the evolutionary information of the protein and extract its features through the Stacked Auto-Encoder (SAE) algorithm of deep learning. Finally, we fuse the natural language features of proteins with evolutionary features and make accurate predictions by Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) classifier. In the SIPs gold standard data sets of human and yeast, NLPEI achieved 94.19% and 91.29% prediction accuracy. Compared with different classifier models, different feature models, and other existing methods, NLPEI obtained the best results. These experimental results indicated that NLPEI is an effective tool for predicting SIPs and can provide reliable candidates for biological experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":50472,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Bioinformatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1176934320984171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38853529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Adaptive Evolution and Coevolution of <i>rbc</i>L Gene in the Genus <i>Hildenbrandia</i> (Rhodophyta).","authors":"Nan Fangru,&nbsp;Han Yuxin,&nbsp;Liu Xudong,&nbsp;Feng Jia,&nbsp;Lv Junping,&nbsp;Liu Qi,&nbsp;Xie Shulian","doi":"10.1177/1176934320977862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1176934320977862","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The adaptive evolution and coevolution of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (<i>rbc</i>L) gene in the genus <i>Hildenbrandia</i> were studied based on phylogenetic tree construction and the physicochemical properties and the secondary structures of protein encoded by <i>rbc</i>L (Rubisco large subunit) were analyzed. The amino acids compositions and grand average of hydropathicity of freshwater <i>H. rivularis</i> and marine <i>H. rubra</i> were similar. Rubisco large subunit of <i>Hildenbrandia</i> was hydrophilic and the secondary structure was primarily composed of α-helixes and β-sheets, revealing the relatively stable structure of this protein. The predicted phosphorylation sites in <i>H. rivularis</i> and <i>H. rubra</i> were 33 and 36, respectively. No positive selection sites were detected in the genus <i>Hildenbrandia</i>, implying that <i>rbc</i>L gene evolved either neutrally or under purifying selection. A total of 41 coevolutionary groups were detected in the Rubisco large subunit of <i>Hildenbrandia</i> and the coevolving sites are in closer proximity in 3-dimensional structure of the protein. Despite the long evolutionary history, <i>rbc</i>L gene in genus <i>Hildenbrandia</i> under different environments is rather conservative.</p>","PeriodicalId":50472,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Bioinformatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1176934320977862","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39132480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypergraph Clustering Based on Game-Theory for Mining Microbial High-Order Interaction Module.","authors":"Limin Yu, Xianjun Shen, Jincai Yang, Kaiping Wei, Duo Zhong, Ruilong Xiang","doi":"10.1177/1176934320970572","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1176934320970572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbial community is ubiquitous in nature, which has a great impact on the living environment and human health. All these effects of microbial communities on the environment and their hosts are often referred to as the functions of these communities, which depend largely on the composition of the communities. The study of microbial higher-order module can help us understand the dynamic development and evolution process of microbial community and explore community function. Considering that traditional clustering methods depend on the number of clusters or the influence of data that does not belong to any cluster, this paper proposes a hypergraph clustering algorithm based on game theory to mine the microbial high-order interaction module (HCGI), and the hypergraph clustering problem naturally turns into a clustering game problem, the partition of network modules is transformed into finding the critical point of evolutionary stability strategy (ESS). The experimental results show HCGI does not depend on the number of classes, and can get more conservative and better quality microbial clustering module, which provides reference for researchers and saves time and cost. The source code of HCGI in this paper can be downloaded from https://github.com/ylm0505/HCGI.</p>","PeriodicalId":50472,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Bioinformatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/24/ac/10.1177_1176934320970572.PMC7720323.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38718028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alteration of the Gut Microbiome in Normal and Overweight School Children from Selangor with <i>Lactobacillus</i> Fermented Milk Administration.","authors":"Narcisse Joseph,&nbsp;Jonathan B Clayton,&nbsp;Susan L Hoops,&nbsp;Carter A Linhardt,&nbsp;Amalia Mohd Hashim,&nbsp;Barakatun Nisak Mohd Yusof,&nbsp;Suresh Kumar,&nbsp;Syafinaz Amin Nordin","doi":"10.1177/1176934320965943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1176934320965943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childhood obesity is a serious public health problem worldwide. Perturbations in the gut microbiota composition have been associated with the development of obesity in both children and adults. Probiotics, on the other hand, are proven to restore the composition of the gut microbiome which helps reduce the development of obesity. However, data on the effect of probiotics on gut microbiota and its association with childhood obesity is limited. This study aims to determine the effect of probiotics supplement intervention on gut microbiota profiles in obese and normal-weight children. A total of 37 children, 17 normal weight, and 20 overweight school children from a government school in Selangor were selected to participate in this study. Participants were further divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention groups received daily probiotic drinks while the control groups continued eating their typical diet. Fecal samples were collected from the participants for DNA extraction. The hypervariable V3 and V4 regions of 16S rRNA gene were amplified and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. No significant differences in alpha diversity were observed between normal weight and obese children in terms of the Shannon Index for evenness or species richness. However, a higher intervention effect on alpha diversity was observed among normal-weight participants compared to obese. The participants' microbiome was found to fluctuate throughout the study. Analysis of the taxa at species level showed an increase in <i>Bacteroides ovatus</i> among the normal weight cohort. Genus-level comparison revealed a rise in genus <i>Lachnospira</i> and <i>Ruminococcus</i> in the overweight participants after intervention, compared to the normal-weight participants. The probiotics intervention causes an alteration in gut microbiota composition in both normal and overweight children. Though the association could not be defined statistically, this study has provided an improved understanding of the intervention effect of probiotics on gut microbiome dysbiosis in an underrepresented population.</p>","PeriodicalId":50472,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Bioinformatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1176934320965943","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38678530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Pathways of Mutational Change in SARS-CoV-2 Proteomes Involve Regions of Intrinsic Disorder Important for Virus Replication and Release.","authors":"Tre Tomaszewski,&nbsp;Ryan S DeVries,&nbsp;Mengyi Dong,&nbsp;Gitanshu Bhatia,&nbsp;Miles D Norsworthy,&nbsp;Xuying Zheng,&nbsp;Gustavo Caetano-Anollés","doi":"10.1177/1176934320965149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1176934320965149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The massive worldwide spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is fueling the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the first whole-genome sequence was published in January 2020, a growing database of tens of thousands of viral genomes has been constructed. This offers opportunities to study pathways of molecular change in the expanding viral population that can help identify molecular culprits of virulence and virus spread. Here we investigate the genomic accumulation of mutations at various time points of the early pandemic to identify changes in mutationally highly active genomic regions that are occurring worldwide. We used the Wuhan NC_045512.2 sequence as a reference and sampled 15 342 indexed sequences from GISAID, translating them into proteins and grouping them by month of deposition. The per-position amino acid frequencies and Shannon entropies of the coding sequences were calculated for each month, and a map of intrinsic disorder regions and binding sites was generated. The analysis revealed dominant variants, most of which were located in loop regions and on the surface of the proteins. Mutation entropy decreased between March and April of 2020 after steady increases at several sites, including the D614G mutation site of the spike (S) protein that was previously found associated with higher case fatality rates and at sites of the NSP12 polymerase and the NSP13 helicase proteins. Notable expanding mutations include R203K and G204R of the nucleocapsid (N) protein inter-domain linker region and G251V of the viroporin encoded by ORF3a between March and April. The regions spanning these mutations exhibited significant intrinsic disorder, which was enhanced and decreased by the N-protein and viroporin 3a protein mutations, respectively. These results predict an ongoing mutational shift from the spike and replication complex to other regions, especially to encoded molecules known to represent major β-interferon antagonists. The study provides valuable information for therapeutics and vaccine design, as well as insight into mutation tendencies that could facilitate preventive control.</p>","PeriodicalId":50472,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Bioinformatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1176934320965149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38570973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vesicle Transport in Plants: A Revised Phylogeny of SNARE Proteins.","authors":"Xiaoyan Gu, Adrian Brennan, Wenbin Wei, Guangqin Guo, Keith Lindsey","doi":"10.1177/1176934320956575","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1176934320956575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Communication systems within and between plant cells involve the transfer of ions and molecules between compartments, and are essential for development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. This in turn requires the regulated movement and fusion of membrane systems with their associated cargo. Recent advances in genomics has provided new resources with which to investigate the evolutionary relationships between membrane proteins across plant species. Members of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) are known to play important roles in vesicle trafficking across plant, animal and microbial species. Using recent public expression and transcriptomic data from 9 representative green plants, we investigated the evolution of the SNARE classes and linked protein changes to functional specialization (expression patterns). We identified an additional 3 putative SNARE genes in the model plant <i>Arabidopsis</i>. We found that all SNARE classes have expanded in number to a greater or lesser degree alongside the evolution of multicellularity, and that within-species expansions are also common. These gene expansions appear to be associated with the accumulation of amino acid changes and with sub-functionalization of SNARE family members to different tissues. These results provide an insight into SNARE protein evolution and functional specialization. The work provides a platform for hypothesis-building and future research into the precise functions of these proteins in plant development and responses to the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":50472,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Bioinformatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7573729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38634879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}