Frontiers in Water最新文献

{"title":"On time-horizons based post-processing of flow forecasts","authors":"Paolo Reggiani, Daniela Biondi, E. Todini","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2024.1359750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2024.1359750","url":null,"abstract":"Post-processing raw stream flow forecasts are generally understood as estimating the univariate predictive density of stage or discharge values at selected future time steps, which is conditional on a single or multiple streamflow forecasts and observations up to the forecast start time to. The predictive density indicates to a forecaster in the most comprehensive way which flood level is likely to be expected. To this end, a variety of post-processing methods were proposed, which have respective strengths and weaknesses. These methods focus near-exclusively on the probabilistic forecast of the predictand at a single set future time ti, without addressing the predictive capability over the sequence of temporal sub-horizons (to, t1] ⊂ (to, t2] ⊂ … ⊂ (to, tk] nested into the overall forecast horizon. Here, we demonstrate the advantages of time-horizon dependent processing of streamflow forecasts, which evaluates the evolution of the predictive density over the sub-horizons by considering the temporal correlation among forecast ensemble members in addition to their cross-correlation with observations. The resulting probabilistic forecast consists of a multivariate distribution of stages and/or discharges at lagged forecasting times. These multivariate predictive distributions have the advantage of providing the likelihood of exceeding a critical threshold during the forecasting horizon while simultaneously offering valuable insights into the expected time of such exceedance. This approach supports not only decisions on issuing timely flood warnings but also the planing and roll-out of mitigating actions.","PeriodicalId":504613,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140696249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empowering citizen scientists to improve water quality: from monitoring to action","authors":"Stuart Warner, Sara Blanco Ramírez, Sandra de Vries, Nancy Marangu, Henriette Ateba Bessa, Carla Toranzo, Madina Imaralieva, Tommaso Abrate, Enock Kiminta, José Castro, Marcelo Luiz de Souza, Abdul Ghaffar Memon, Steven Loiselle, Mohamed Sahr E. Juanah","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2024.1367198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2024.1367198","url":null,"abstract":"Citizen science (CS) has so far failed to achieve its potential to contribute to water resource management globally despite a significant body of work proclaiming the benefits of such an approach. Also, this work has addressed concerns over precision, accuracy and reliability of methods used. This article presents the findings of a hackathon-type workshop challenge that brought together water quality experts and CS practitioners to explore barriers and possible solutions to mainstream citizen scientist-generated data into national, regional, and global reporting processes, and thereby provide a tangible connection between policy makers and community-based citizen scientists. We present the findings here as a perspective-type summary. This workshop challenge highlighted the breadth and scope of CS activities globally yet recognized that their potential for positive impact is going unrealized. The challenge team proposed that impact could be improved by: developing awareness; applying a simultaneous bottom-up/top-down approach to increase success rates; that local leaders or ‘catalysts' are key to initiate and sustain activities; that generated data need to fulfill a purpose and create required information, and ultimately, lead to actions (data > information > action); recognizing that we are all potential citizen scientists is important; recognizing that “good water quality” is subjective; and lastly that developing a communication gateway that allows bi-directional data and information transfer is essential.","PeriodicalId":504613,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":"35 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140700535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative solutions for global water quality challenges: insights from a collaborative hackathon event","authors":"Igor Chernov, Melchior Elsler, Thomas Maillart, Caterina Cacciatori, Simona Tavazzi, B. M. Gawlik, Yuliya Vystavna, Afroditi Anastasaki, Carolyn DuBois, Stuart Warner, M. Neely, W. Muziasari, Kilian Christ, Tommaso Abrate, Anham Salyani, Timothy Sullivan","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2024.1363116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2024.1363116","url":null,"abstract":"Addressing the global water quality challenges requires collaborative efforts, multidisciplinary approaches, and innovative solutions. Here we report on the success of a special collective intelligence “hackathon event,” organized by five United Nations agencies and the European Commission, with the aim of reinventing engagement with diverse experts and stakeholders to tackle real-world challenges in water quality monitoring and assessment. Participants from diverse backgrounds and regions convened to devise inventive solutions in four key challenge areas, including (1) transformation of water quality data into water stewardship action, (2) empowering citizen scientists to improve water quality, (3) incorporation of Indigenous communities and their water quality knowledge in global information systems, and (4) routine monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in water. The hackathon approach fosters collective intelligence in a safe, creative and collaborative environment, enabling participants to harness their collective knowledge, expertise and skills. Key outcomes were conceptualizing practical frameworks and tailored toolboxes for diverse water quality innovations to improve monitoring, empower communities, and support policy-making. Emphasis was placed on the purpose and value of interdisciplinary collaborations to address complex global challenges, showcasing synergies between technology, environmental science, and social engagement. Hackathons are catalysts for collaborative innovation which unlock future endeavors in harnessing collective intelligence to safeguard our most precious resource – water.","PeriodicalId":504613,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":"30 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140702337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights gained from two decades of intensive monitoring: hydrology and nitrate export in a tile-drained agricultural catchment","authors":"Andreas Bauwe, Bernd Lennartz","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2024.1369552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2024.1369552","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrate (NO3−) export from agricultural land poses an ongoing threat to both inland and coastal waters. Experimental studies investigating the hydrology-NO3−-export mechanisms require long-term data to identify reliable causal relationships. In this study, utilizing a 23-year continuous dataset with a high temporal resolution (daily to twice a week), we aim to identify potential drivers for NO3-losses and assess the impact of nitrogen (N) soil surface budgets on NO3-export. A drainage plot (4.2 ha) and a ditch catchment (179 ha) were fully equipped to register hydrological parameters, including water sample collection. Mean annual NO3−-N concentrations (loads) for the drainage plot and the ditch catchment were 9.4 mg l−1 (20.6 kg ha−1) and 6.0 mg L−1 (20.9 kg ha−1), respectively. Annual discharge was closely positively correlated with annual NO3-losses, highlighting the significant influence of prevailing weather and, consequently, hydrologic conditions on NO3-export rates. The majority of the annual NO3−-load was exported during winter (56% at the drainage plot, 51% at the ditch catchment), while the rest was exported during spring (28, 29%), summer (9, 9%) and fall (7, 11%). We could not find any direct relationships between N soil surface budgets and NO3-losses. Putting all results together, it can be concluded that agricultural activities for many decades resulted in high soil N stocks, which determined the general high NO3−-N concentration levels. Nevertheless, temporal NO3-export dynamics during the last two decades were clearly driven by hydro-meteorological conditions, nearly independently of land management and N soil surface budgets on the fields.","PeriodicalId":504613,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":"14 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140701008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accounting for water quality—A framework for agricultural water use","authors":"Poolad Karimi, Deborah V. Chapman, Svetlana Valieva, Ruyi Li, Amal Talbi","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2024.1375791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2024.1375791","url":null,"abstract":"Driven by increasing water demand, scarcity concerns, and climate change impacts, numerous countries prioritize solutions for enhanced water use efficiency. However, these solutions often focus primarily on managing water quantities to improve water productivity in agriculture, urban, and industrial sectors. Effective and sustainable water use, however, requires monitoring and management of both water quantity and quality. Traditionally, water quantity and water quality have been managed separately, often by different government agencies with different missions and limited interaction. Ensuring sufficient water quantity for agriculture and food production often takes precedence over managing water quality. Water accounting, as a tool for allocating and managing water quantity is now widely accepted and numerous examples of successful implementation exist worldwide. However, the concept of incorporating water quality into water accounting has not yet been widely promoted. Measuring both quantity and quality in the same water bodies is a fundamental principle of assessment of impacts on water quality through the determination of loads. The load is the amount of a given substance or pollutant for a given period of time. Using the key steps necessary for the development of a water quality monitoring and assessment programme, a framework has been developed that can be applied to water accounting projects using typical water accounting applications. Two examples of potential applications are used to consider the technical, institutional, and financial requirements. Implementing a framework for incorporating water quality monitoring and assessment into water accounting should contribute substantially to the need for more water quality data at global scale. Such data are required to facilitate achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 6 “Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all” through more efficient water resources management and greater awareness of water quality impacts in the agricultural water use sector.","PeriodicalId":504613,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140713855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning from local knowledge on changes in tree-cover and water availability: the case of the contested agroforested landscape of the Mt. Elgon Water Tower, Uganda","authors":"George Kimbowa, J. Buyinza, J. Gathenya, Catherine Muthuri","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2024.1283574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2024.1283574","url":null,"abstract":"Participatory Rural Appraisal was used to compare stakeholder perceptions of spatial and temporal variation in tree cover and water availability using Uganda’s Mt. Elgon Water Tower as a case study. This study was guided by the research question: How do multi-level stakeholders’ perceptions of changes in tree-cover and water availability vary across spatial and temporal scales of the water tower? Five Participatory Rural Appraisal tools were applied to understand multi-level stakeholders’ perspectives on the changes in tree-cover and water availability. Data was collected from farmers’ focus group discussions, key experts from local government offices and structured household interviews with local communities. This study focused on the upper and lower zones of the water tower, which differ in terms of proximity to Mt. Elgon National Forest Park, household water-use, elevation, and tree-cover. Results showed that there are both similarities and differences in perceptions of changes in tree cover and water availability among stakeholders. Farmers and key experts perceived a decrease in water availability and a decrease in overall tree cover for the period 1990–2020. There are differences in stakeholders’ perceptions of water availability across the zones and sub-catchments. For instance, more farmers in Sipi River Sub-catchment perceived a decrease in water availability during 2006–2020 compared to 1990–2005 period. There were notable contradictions in farmers’ and key experts’ perceptions on tree cover. Farmers’ perceptions of 1990–2020 precipitation were in agreement with trends in existing precipitation data. Declining trends of natural tree cover especially outside the Mt. Elgon national forest park pose great threat to water resources originating from forests. Changes in tree cover and water availability in the study area can be partly explained by the tree species grown. Local stakeholders’ perceptions complemented the existing data gaps in explaining the changes in tree cover and water availability. Participatory Rural Appraisal tools are helpful for documenting the perceptions of local communities. However, this cannot replace reliable data resulting from large-scale efforts for monitoring changes and variations in tree-cover and water availability. The findings of this paper can be valuable to inform strategies for community involvement in sustainable agroforested landscape management.","PeriodicalId":504613,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":"32 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140739971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Emerging talents in water science: water and critical zone 2021/22","authors":"Pingping Luo, Yubin Zhang, Yixuan Zhang, Kenneth Hurst Williams, Quoc Bao Pham","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2024.1374081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2024.1374081","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":504613,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140747699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast urban inundation simulation with RIM2D for flood risk assessment and forecasting","authors":"H. Apel, Jakob Benisch, Björn Helm, S. Vorogushyn, Bruno Merz","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2024.1310182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2024.1310182","url":null,"abstract":"Urban pluvial flooding is a growing concern worldwide as consequence of rising urban population and climate change induced increases in heavy rainfall. Easy-to-implement and fast simulation tools are needed to cope with this challenge.This study describes the development of the parsimonious, GPU-accelerated hydraulic model RIM2D for urban pluvial flood simulations. This is achieved by considering the built-up urban area as flow obstacles, and by introducing capacity-based approaches to consider urban drainage by infiltration on pervious surfaces and sewer drainage from roofs and sealed surfaces. The model performance was analyzed by simulating 8 heavy rainfall events in a test area in the city of Dresden, Germany. For these events detailed discharge measurements of sewer discharge are available, providing a unique dataset for evaluating the sewer drainage simulation, which is of high importance for realistic pluvial inundation simulations in urban areas.We show that the model simulates the temporal dynamics of the sewer discharge and the sewer volume within acceptable ranges. Moreover, the erratic variation of the simulated to measured sewer discharge suggests that the deviations from the measurements are caused by the precipitation input rather than the model simplifications. We conclude that RIM2D is a valid tool for urban inundation simulation. Its short simulation runtimes allow probabilistic flood risk assessments and operational flood forecasts.","PeriodicalId":504613,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140374070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The contributions of Indigenous People's earth observations to water quality monitoring","authors":"Yolanda López-Maldonado, Janet Anstee, M. Neely, Jérôme Marty, Diana Mastracci, Happyness Ngonyani, Igor Ogashawara, Anham Salyani, Kabindra Sharma, Neil C. Sims","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2024.1363187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2024.1363187","url":null,"abstract":"Indigenous Knowledge, observations and understandings of Earth processes are not sufficiently included in global Earth Observations. Drawing on the results obtained during a 3-day hackathon event, we present evidence, best practices and recommendations to water quality organizations seeking to engage and share information with Indigenous communities. The hackathon event revealed three key findings: First, Indigenous Peoples report precise and accurate observations of changes in various Earth systems, particularly the hydrological cycle. Second, this information can significantly enhance global Outreach and Engagement efforts, aiding in the understanding of hydrological cycle components, water quality, mapping water courses, and monitoring and mitigating the effects of climate change (i.e., floods, droughts, etc.). Third, enabling Indigenous Peoples to contribute their scientific knowledge and utilize Earth Observations is crucial for the protection of other vital components of the water cycle. We addressed two crucial questions: What opportunities exist to include Indigenous Knowledge into Earth Observations, and what are the main challenges in doing so?","PeriodicalId":504613,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":"27 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140375407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Greenhouse gas emissions from terrestrial freshwater ecosystems: spatial and temporal hot spots","authors":"David Piatka, Johannes A. C. Barth, Ralf Kiese","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2024.1390123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2024.1390123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":504613,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":"122 50","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140380324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}