Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal最新文献

{"title":"CLINICAL EVALUATION OF FIXED PARTIAL DENTURE IMPRESSION","authors":"N. Hayat, JU Hadi, F. Ullah, .. Faisal, S. Faryal, B. Siraj","doi":"10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.745","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate impressions of teeth and the area to be restored are required in fixed Prosthodontics treatment for the laboratory to fabricate the desired restoration without any faults. The study aimed to raise awareness about the importance of improving individual skills to minimise impression errors, provide patients with high-quality prosthetics, and enhance their comfort. The study's objectives were to evaluate the clinically detectable errors in the impressions and to determine co-relations between possible risk factors that cause impression errors. This study follows a descriptive cross-sectional study design, which involves the probability convenience sampling technique, consisting of 150   impressions studied for the type of tray, type of material, type of technique, type of prosthesis ordered, arch of impression involved, size of tray, number of units prepared and retraction cord used. Impression errors were also assessed, including finish line errors, tears in the finish line, air bubbles, voids, and blood formed in the impression. Data were analysed with SPSS version 25.0, and correlations were found through a chi-square test.  One hundred fifty impressions were analysed, with 80 being maxillary arch impressions. Most impressions utilised full arch trays (91.33%), with Monophase being the predominant technique (77%). Alginate emerged as the most commonly employed impression material (76%), and the most commonly used tray was the full arch tray (137). Crown preparations accounted for 70% of cases. Notably, retraction cord usage was observed in 58.7% of impressions. The study analysed 150 Impressions, finding 56.7% finish line errors, 21.3% tears, 19.3% bubbles, 80.7% voids, and 6% traces of blood. Our study reveals that material type, impression technique, no crown, arch of impression, prosthesis ordered, and retraction cord have a significant association (P < 0.05) with the impression errors, except tray type having no significant association (P > 0.05) with the impression errors. Based on the study's outcomes, this research identifies alginate and the monophase technique as prevalent choices among clinicians. The most common were voids and finish line errors, with tray selection showing no significant impact. The use of retraction cords notably reduces impression errors, indicating a strong association. Overall, crown impressions exhibit greater accuracy compared to bridge impressions.","PeriodicalId":504575,"journal":{"name":"Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140241367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPARISON OF THE EFFICACY OF INTRALESIONAL 5% FU VERSUS INTRALESIONAL TRIAMCINOLONE IN PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH KELOID AND HYPERTROPHIC SCAR AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, KARACHI","authors":"B. Shah, R. Ghafoor, N. Asad, A. Samee, M. Surhiyo, A. Sattar","doi":"10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.751","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the fact that keloids and hypertrophic scars are frequent benign hyper-proliferative growths of dermal fibroblasts, the clinical concerns, such as physical and psychological issues, are serious and impairing, and there are few effective therapies. Although 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (TAC) are widely used to manage both scars, their effectiveness is still debatable. To compare the efficacy of intralesional 5% FU versus intralesional triamcinolone in patients presenting with keloid and hypertrophic scar at Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi. This RCT study was conducted on patients presenting with keloid and hypertrophic scars at the Outpatient Department of Dermatology, JPMC, Karachi, meeting inclusion criteria. A brief history of demographic information and written informed consent were taken from each patient. A total of 158 patients were enrolled in the study and were randomly allocated to Group A, Intralesional triamcinolone group, and B: Intralesional 5% FU group twice weekly for a total of 4 sessions. During each visit, the keloid height was measured, photographed again, and documented. Efficacy was labeled if patients with keloid and hypertrophic scar in either group showed ≥ 50% reduction in height. Comparison of efficacy between groups showed a significant difference as the efficacy rate was higher in patients treated with 5-FU 45mg as compared to the patients administrated with TAC 10mg (70.9% vs. 50.6%; P-value=0.009). This analysis revealed that irrespective of the patient's age, sex, illness duration, or lesion site, intra-lesional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) offered the significant benefit of a faster and more effective response than triamcinolone (TAC) in the treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars.","PeriodicalId":504575,"journal":{"name":"Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140244014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DOSIMETRIC COMPARISON OF INTENSITY-MODULATED RADIATION THERAPY (IMRT) AND VOLUMETRIC-MODULATED ARC THERAPY (VMAT) IN RECTAL CANCER PATIENTS: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS","authors":"S. Shafique, K. Khan, T. Baidar, M. Okasha","doi":"10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.753","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to conduct a thorough dosimetric comparison between two advanced radiotherapy techniques, Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT), to ascertain the superior modality in terms of dose distribution and organ-at-risk sparing for rectal cancer patients. Thirty-three patients with ECOG performance status 1, aged between 18 to 60 years, diagnosed with Stage II to III rectal cancer, were included in this prospective study. Each patient underwent treatment planning with IMRT and VMAT techniques using Varian system simulation computed tomography scans. The dosimetric analysis encompassed the evaluation of target volume dose homogeneity, conformity, and doses to at-risk organs. The dosimetric comparison was conducted utilizing seven-field IMRT and dual arc VMAT plans. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-tests and SPSS 20 software. Treatment plan constraints adhered to the RTOG 9406 guidelines, ensuring adequate planning target volume (PTV) coverage, homogeneity index, conformity index, and dose limits for organs at risk, including small bowel V20 (<200cc), bladder V45 (<21Gy), and femoral head V50 (≤30 Gy). Volumetric arc therapy plans demonstrated superior dose homogeneity to fixed-field intensity-modulated plans (p-value = 0.04), particularly in femoral head dose-limiting toxicity (p-value = 0.00). However, intensity-modulated therapy exhibited equivalent or superior performance in other evaluated parameters. Our findings suggest that while VMAT offers advantages in PTV coverage homogeneity and femoral head dose-limiting toxicity, IMRT remains competitive and potentially preferable in certain dosimetric aspects. The choice between IMRT and VMAT should be carefully considered based on individual patient characteristics and treatment goals. This comprehensive dosimetric comparison contributes valuable insights into optimizing radiotherapy planning for rectal cancer patients, potentially guiding clinical decision-making and improving treatment outcomes.","PeriodicalId":504575,"journal":{"name":"Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140241891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF WORKPLACE DIFFICULTIES FACED BY NURSES WORKING IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL","authors":"F. Ashraf, I. Jan, A. Zaib","doi":"10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.750","url":null,"abstract":"Occupational stress among nurses in government hospitals is a significant concern, impacting individual well-being and patient care quality. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of stress and its contributing factors among nurses in three government hospitals. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of stress among nurses in government hospitals and identify the factors contributing to their stress levels. A cross-sectional study involved 400 nurses from tertiary care Hospital. Demographic and workplace data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, and stress levels were assessed using the Modified Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS). Most participants were female (70%) and aged between 25 and 35 (55%). Sixty per cent of nurses held a Bachelor's degree, and 40% had a diploma in nursing. Heavy workload was the most common stressor reported (70%), followed by long working hours (60%) and poor working relationships (45%). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that female nurses were 1.5 times more likely to experience stress than males (p < 0.05). Nurses working more than 40 hours per week had a 1.3 times higher likelihood of experiencing stress (p < 0.05), and those with less than six years of job experience were 1.8 times more likely to report stress (p < 0.05). The study highlights a high prevalence of stress among nurses in government hospitals, primarily attributed to heavy workloads, long working hours, and poor working relationships. Addressing these factors through targeted interventions is crucial to improving the well-being of nurses and enhancing patient care quality.","PeriodicalId":504575,"journal":{"name":"Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140245535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANTI-BIO GRAM PROFILE IN THE SETTING OF A HIGH FREQUENCY OF MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT ORGANISMS AT DOCTORS HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL CENTRE, LAHORE, PAKISTAN","authors":"Z. Riaz, AA Rana, M. Khoso, Mba Khan, SU Rehman, A. Farhan","doi":"10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.733","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a worldwide concern. The overuse and abuse of antibiotics pose a severe hazard to low-income nations in addition to reducing therapeutic choices. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at the Doctors Hospital and Medical Center surgical ICU in Lahore between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2021. Three hundred sixty-four patients' blood, tracheal, and urine culture data were gathered from patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit and processed by CLSI's standard microbiological methods. Stanford University's web-based anti-bio gram and CLSI were used to construct the anti-bio gram. The study examined 364 individuals, and the cultures that were taken from various places included the trachea (13%), urine (33%), and blood (54%).  No organism has been identified from blood cultures thus far. Klebsiella (5), Acinetobacter (4), and Pseudomonas (3) were the most frequently isolated species from tracheal cultures and E. coli, with four isolates, followed by Klebsiella with three and Pseudomonas with two isolated from urine cultures. Staphylococcus sp. exhibited 100% resistance to vancomycin and linezolid. For both Acinetobacter and Klebsiella, colistin showed 100% resistance. E. coli was resistant to moxifloxacin (p value= 0.04). Since multidrug-resistant bacteria are often seen in intensive care units (ICUs), we must use caution when prescribing broad-spectrum antibiotics to avoid overtaxing weaker strains. Preventing the spread of resistant isolates in critical wards and preserving ICU patients will have advantageous outcomes.","PeriodicalId":504575,"journal":{"name":"Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal","volume":"106 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140250540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECTS OF A KETOGENIC DIET IN OVERWEIGHT WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME","authors":"A. Naveed, A. Sayyeda, SA Memon, Z. Bhutto","doi":"10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.734","url":null,"abstract":"Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting reproductive-aged women, characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology. The main objective of the study is to find the effects of a ketogenic diet in overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome. This prospective interventional study was conducted in a private hospital in Karachi, Pakistan, from June 2023 to Dec 2023. Data was collected from 320 females who were suffering from PCOS. Participants were randomized into two groups: the intervention group (n = 160) received a ketogenic diet, while the control group (n = 160) followed a standard hypocaloric diet. Randomization was performed using computer-generated random numbers to ensure allocation concealment and minimize selection bias. Upon enrollment, participants underwent baseline evaluations to establish their demographic characteristics, medical history, and anthropometric measurements, including weight, BMI, and waist circumference. Data were collected from 320 female patients. In the ketogenic diet (KD) group, participants had a mean age of 28.1±4.2 years and a mean BMI of 30.01±2.3 kg/m2. Their waist circumference averaged 90.1±5.0cm, with a fasting glucose level of 110±10 mg/dL and a DHEAS level of 350±50 μg/dL. In the ketogenic diet (KD) group, participants experienced a mean reduction in body weight of 8.5±2.3kg, a decrease in BMI of 3.2±1.1Kg/m2, and a reduction in waist circumference of 10±4cm. Conversely, the control group exhibited a mean decrease in body weight of 2.5±1.5kg, a reduction in BMI of 1.0±0.8kg/m2, and a decrease in waist circumference of 3±2cm. It is concluded that the ketogenic diet may offer metabolic and reproductive benefits for overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome. The improvements observed in metabolic parameters and menstrual regularity support the potential role of KD as a therapeutic intervention in PCOS management.","PeriodicalId":504575,"journal":{"name":"Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal","volume":"10 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140248848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF HEAT STRESS ON OVARIES EVOLUTION OF REPEAT BREEDERS IN DAIRY CATTLE, SPECIFICALLY HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN","authors":"M. Tariq, M. Khan, H. Manzoor, MA Asghar, Haa Nazeer, AB Sadiq, SH Shah, U. Rauf, K. Zeb, MU Rehman","doi":"10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.737","url":null,"abstract":"The reproductive performance of dairy cattle, particularly Holstein Friesian breeds, is crucial in herd productivity and profitability. The study's main objective is to find the effect of heat stress on the evolution of ovaries of repeat breeders in dairy cattle, specifically Holstein Friesian. An exploratory study was carried out on various commercial dairy farms in Faisalabad, Pakistan, during the peak summer months May 2023 to July 2023, to investigate the influence of heat stress on ovarian function and the evolution of repeat breeders in Holstein Friesian dairy cattle. 500 Holstein Friesian dairy cattle were selected from multiple commercial dairy farms for experiencing heat stress. Cattle were chosen based on age, parity, and reproductive history to ensure representation of the target population. Data were collected from 500 cattle to measure the heat stress. Heat-stressed cows exhibited a higher proportion of follicles sized below 5mm (45%) compared to thermoneutral cows (20%), while thermoneutral cows showed a greater percentage of follicles sized between 5-10mm (50% vs. 35%). Heat-stressed cows exhibited a higher prevalence of follicular cysts (25%) compared to thermoneutral cows (10%), along with a greater incidence of corpus luteum persistence (40% vs. 20%). Heat-stressed cows displayed lower estrous detection rates (50%) compared to thermoneutral cows (70%), along with reduced conception rates per estrus (20% vs. 40%) and pregnancy rates per artificial insemination (AI) (15% vs. 35%). It is concluded that heat stress significantly affects ovarian function and is associated with the evolution of repeat breeders in Holstein Friesian dairy cattle. The higher prevalence of follicular cysts, corpus luteum persistence, and granulosa cell apoptosis observed under heat stress conditions contributes to compromised reproductive performance and increased incidence of repeat breeding.","PeriodicalId":504575,"journal":{"name":"Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal","volume":"71 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140250849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FREQUENCY OF EMERGENCY PERIPARTUM HYSTERECTOMY AND FACTORS LEADING TO IT IN PREGNANT WOMEN AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL","authors":"S. Iftikhar, S. Naseeb, S. Kazi, S. Shaikh, BB Ali, S. Saba","doi":"10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.747","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and factors leading to emergency peripartum hysterectomy in pregnant women at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics JPMC, Karachi, Pakistan, from August 11, 2021, to February 10, 2022. All patients who met the inclusion criteria and visited JPMC, Karachi, were included in the study after obtaining consent. The study noted the factors leading to the development of emergency peripartum hysterectomy, and patients were followed by the researcher for the development of this condition. All collected data were entered into a proforma and used electronically for research. The mean maternal age was 30.04±3.87 years. Emergency peripartum hysterectomy was found in 25 (14.9%) women. The factors leading to peripartum hysterectomy were noted as placenta accreta in 5 (20.0%) women, placenta increta in 3 (12.0%) women, and placenta percreta in 17 (68.0%) women. It can be concluded that peripartum hysterectomy is prevalent in pregnant women, with placenta percreta being the common factor leading to peripartum hysterectomy, followed by placenta accreta. Further large-scale work is recommended for the validation of the current findings.","PeriodicalId":504575,"journal":{"name":"Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal","volume":"50 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140252093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPARISON OF ROPIVACAINE ALONE VS ROPIVACAINE WITH METHYLPREDNISOLONE INJECTION AS A TREATMENT OF TRIGGER POINTS FOR MYOFASCIAL PAIN: A SUPERIORITY RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL","authors":"S. Mushtaq, KM Bhatti, Q. Nawaz, K. Bashir, Aur Ghafoor","doi":"10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.744","url":null,"abstract":"Soft tissue rheumatism, known as myofascial pain syndrome (MPS), is typified by taut bands, transferred pain that is distinct, sensory alterations that occur, and a local twitch response. It is also connected with trigger points in one or more muscles. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the effects of injections of Ropivacaine alone vs. Ropivacaine with methylprednisolone in decreasing pain in people in our community who have myofascial pain caused by trigger points. The design of this study was a randomized controlled trial. This study was carried out from July 2022 to August 2023. The research comprised 50 individuals (27 females and 23 males) diagnosed with MPS who came to our clinic. Using online randomization software, the patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group B got a mixture of 0.25% Ropivacaine & 10mg methylprednisolone in 3ml normal saline at each trigger point, whereas Group A received 3ml of 0.25% Ropivacaine. Dry needling of trigger sites was done in both groups. Patients were assessed at two, four, and eight weeks of intervention. The patients' pre-treatment assessment measures showed no statistically significant differences. After 4 and 8 weeks of assessment, Group B NRS pain and BDI scores showed statistically significant improvements compared to pre-treatment results (p<0.05). NRS and BDI scores were reduced in group A compared to their pretreatment values, but that was not clinically significant. Results of our study showed that there was a statistically significant difference between both groups in terms of pain, stress, and anxiety after the intervention. Ropivacaine with methylprednisolone gave better results than Ropivacaine alone in reducing pain and anxiety among the study population.","PeriodicalId":504575,"journal":{"name":"Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal","volume":"109 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140254423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT AND LIVER ENZYMES IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENT","authors":"A. Shafique, H. Javaid, H. Bajwa, R. Anwar, M. Yaseen, .. Sana","doi":"10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.746","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic renal failure (CRF) poses a significant global health challenge, with chronic kidney disease (CKD) characterised by kidney damage or a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) persistently below 60 ml/min for over three months. This observational study, conducted in Faisalabad from January to July 2023, aimed to evaluate haematological variables and liver enzymes across different stages of CKD. Using non-probability purposive sampling, 144 CKD patient files and 48 healthy control files were collected, excluding specific conditions. CKD staging was determined using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) algorithm, categorizing patients into mild (Group A), moderate (Group B), severe (Group C) CKD, and controls (Group D). Data analysis was performed using SPSS v23. Mean ± SD values were presented for each parameter across the four groups. Haemoglobin levels (Hb g/dl) exhibited a decreasing trend in CKD patients compared to the control group, with values of 13.7 ± 1.50 in controls, 11.7 ± 0.64 in Group 1, 9.7 ± 0.57 in Group 2, and 6.7 ± 1.5 in Group 3. Red blood cell count (RBCs per million/mm3) also decreased progressively in CKD patients compared to controls, with values of 5.48 ± 0.59, 4.62 ± 0.15, 3.57 ± 0.28, and 2.81 ± 0.23 in the respective groups. Conversely, white blood cell counts (WBC thousand/mm3) increased with CKD progression, showing values of 8406 ± 1383 in controls, 10674 ± 1006 in Group 1, 12028 ± 643.5 in Group 2, and 13564 ± 741.29 in Group 3. Similarly, platelet counts (lakh/ul) exhibited a decreasing trend in CKD patients compared to controls, with values of 324708 ± 112970, 235458 ± 63853, 144979 ± 6935.8, and 126333 ± 4768.3, respectively. Analysis of liver enzymes revealed a progressive decrease in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels as CKD advanced. AST levels (U/L) decreased from 29.104 ± 3.130 in controls to 7.5825 ± 1.543 in Group 3, while ALT levels (U/L) decreased from 48.145 ± 4.9679 in controls to 12.270 ± 3.3500 in Group 3. Our findings demonstrate that haemoglobin, red blood cell count, platelet count, and liver enzyme levels (AST and ALT) decrease as CKD progresses while white blood cell count increases. These insights into haematological and hepatic biomarkers underscore the dynamic nature of CKD pathology and may inform clinical management strategies.","PeriodicalId":504575,"journal":{"name":"Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal","volume":"81 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140254755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}