Landon Owen, Wenjun Ge, Martin Rieth, Marco Arienti, Lucas Esclapez, Bruno S. Soriano, Michael E Mueller, Marc Day, Ramanan Sankaran, Jacqueline H. Chen
{"title":"PeleMP: The Multiphysics Solver for the Combustion Pele Adaptive Mesh Refinement Code Suite","authors":"Landon Owen, Wenjun Ge, Martin Rieth, Marco Arienti, Lucas Esclapez, Bruno S. Soriano, Michael E Mueller, Marc Day, Ramanan Sankaran, Jacqueline H. Chen","doi":"10.1115/1.4064494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064494","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Combustion encompasses multi-scale, multi-phase reacting flow physics spanning a wide range of scales from molecular scales, where chemical reactions occur, to device scales, where the turbulent flow is affected by the geometry of the combustor. This scale disparity and the limited measurement capabilities from experiments make modeling combustion a significant challenge. Recent advancements in high-performance computing (HPC), particularly with the Department of Energy's Exascale Computing Project (ECP), have enabled high-fidelity simulations of practical applications to be performed. The major physics sub-models, including chemical reactions, turbulence, sprays, soot, and thermal radiation, exhibit distinctive computational characteristics that need to be examined separately to ensure efficient utilization of computational resources. This paper presents the multiphysics solver for the Pele code suite, called PeleMP, which consists of models for spray, soot, and thermal radiation. The mathematical and algorithmic aspects of the model implementations are described in detail as well as the verification process. The computational performance of these models is benchmarked on multiple supercomputers, including Frontier, an exascale machine. Results are presented from production simulations of a turbulent sooting ethylene flame and a bluff-body swirl stabilized spray flame with sustainable aviation fuels to demonstrate the capability of the Pele codes for modeling practical combustion problems with multiphysics. This work is an important step towards the exascale computing era for high-fidelity combustion simulations providing physical insights and data for predictive modeling of real world devices.","PeriodicalId":504378,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","volume":"53 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139527746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Stitt, Kristi Belcher, Alejandro Campos, Tzanio Kolov, Philip Mocz, Robert N Rieben, M. A. Skinner, Vladimir Tomov, A. Vargas, Kenneth Weiss
{"title":"Performance Portable Gpu Acceleration of a High-Order Finite Element Multiphysics Application","authors":"T. Stitt, Kristi Belcher, Alejandro Campos, Tzanio Kolov, Philip Mocz, Robert N Rieben, M. A. Skinner, Vladimir Tomov, A. Vargas, Kenneth Weiss","doi":"10.1115/1.4064493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064493","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) will soon have in place the El Capitan exascale supercomputer, based on AMD GPUs. As part of a multiyear effort under the NNSA Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) program, we have been developing MARBL, a next generation, performance portable multiphysics application based on high-order finite elements. In previous years, we successfully ported the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE), multi-material, compressible flow capabilities of MARBL to NVIDIA GPUs as described in [1]. In this paper, we describe our ongoing effort in extending MARBL's GPU capabilities with additional physics, including multi-group radiation diffusion and thermonuclear burn for high energy density physics (HEDP) and fusion modeling. We also describe how our portability abstraction approach based on the RAJA Portability Suite and the MFEM finite element discretization library has enabled us to achieve high performance on AMD based GPUs with minimal effort in hardware-specific porting. Throughout this work, we highlight numerical and algorithmic developments that were required to achieve GPU performance.","PeriodicalId":504378,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","volume":"26 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139531577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Physical Mechanisms Leading to Large Unsteady Pressure Fluctuations in a Gas Turbine Testing Facility","authors":"D. J. Hill, J. J. Defoe","doi":"10.1115/1.4064295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064295","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper is a detailed computational study of the flow within a scale model of a gas turbine engine testing facility. At mass flows representative of tests for large, high bypass ratio turbofans, large amplitude low-frequency pressure fluctuations have been observed experimentally at full- and model-scale. These can be so large as to have deleterious effects on downstream facility components. Improved, delayed, detached eddy simulations (IDDES) of the scale model facility are carried out two operating points using OpenFOAM: one where the high amplitude fluctuations occur, and another where they do not. By comparing detailed assessments of the unsteady flow fields for both conditions, the underlying physical mechanism responsible for the problematic pressure fluctuations is identified. The first key finding is that the shape of the chamber housing the engine being tested can result in excitation of a cut-on mode leading to high-pressure amplitudes and propagation. The second key outcome is that the shear layer shedding frequency will only lead to high amplitudes of pressure fluctuation if the excited mode causes periods of high/low pressure that are synchronized around the circular shear layer. An analytical model is derived for predicting whether tonal propagation occurs. Finally, it is found that far downstream flow behavior is mostly determined by the excitation in the test chamber, with minimal downstream dissipation.","PeriodicalId":504378,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","volume":"28 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139445927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of Thermoacoustic Instability for Chemically Reacting Flows Using Large-Eddy Simulations","authors":"Wei Xian Lim, Wai Lee Chan, B. Elhadidi","doi":"10.1115/1.4064385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064385","url":null,"abstract":"Thermoacoustic instability for chemically reacting flows was investigated using large-eddy simulations coupled with a lookup table for turbulence-chemistry closure. The onset of instability was evaluated from pressure fluctuations, as well as standard and extended Rayleigh criterion, as suggested in literature. Two configurations were considered, namely a canonical Rijke tube and a simplified can combustor with a swirling flow injector representing a complex generalized geometry. For the Rijke tube, premixed and non-premixed combustion models were applied for identical fuel flow rate, resulting in different thermoacoustic outcomes due to differences in reaction rates of the two flame regimes. Results from the Rijke-tube case agree with analytic thermoacoustic theory. For the can combustor, only premixed chemistry was considered as it better represents the experimental conditions, and the first resonant pressure mode aligns reasonably with published experimental data. Findings suggest that, if thermoacoustic instability is detected, the resonant frequency can be deduced from the fluctuations of the pressure, heat release, or acoustic source term. However, even though the resonant frequency is correctly identified, fluctuation data alone is insufficient to identify the onset of thermoacoustic instability, requiring the additional application of Rayleigh criterion. Finally, this study concludes that, for the range of configurations studied here, the standard Rayleigh criterion is sufficient to determine the onset of thermoacoustic instability, so the extended Rayleigh criterion is not always necessary, in contrast to suggestions from previous work. This conclusion is significant because the standard Rayleigh criterion is the only practical evaluation for physical experiments.","PeriodicalId":504378,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139143382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effects of Rotation and Solidity on the Aerodynamic Behavior of Low Pressure Axial Flow Fans","authors":"Adam Venter, Michael Owen, J. Muiyser","doi":"10.1115/1.4064384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064384","url":null,"abstract":"Implicit axial flow fan models find common application in the numerical analyses of industrial heat exchanger systems. However, these fan models perform poorly within the often complex off-design flow environments characteristic of these systems, as their low order formulations lose applicability under highly 3D flow conditions. At off-design flow conditions, rotation and blade solidity effects cause physical fan blade behavior to deviate from the anticipated 2D behavior characterized by the implicit models. Physical fan blade behavior at off-design flow conditions, however, remains uncertain, and the specific effects of rotation and solidity are not yet widely understood. This study investigates off-design fan blade behavior by presenting explicit 3D computations of two low-pressure axial flow fans. The effects of rotation and blade solidity are then identified through a side-by-side comparison of the computed 3D fan blade data against isolated 2D airfoil data. The rotating fan blade lift characteristics are shown to be distinct from the comparative 2D airfoil trends. At low flow, off-design operating conditions, rotation establishes large radial flow movements, and the high blade solidities cause standing vortices to develop within the rotating blade passages. The radial outflow energizes the blades' boundary layers, and the vortices inhibit the flow from separating from the blades' surfaces. Consequently, blade stall is avoided, and high lift coefficient values are realized. The presented fan blade lift characteristics are unique relative to literature on other turbomachines, highlighting the importance of considering machine-specific effects in implicit model developments.","PeriodicalId":504378,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","volume":" 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139143995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Aerodynamic Investigation of the Last-Stage Turbine in an Upgraded Gas Turbine","authors":"Yige Liu, Chengxiong Pan, Xiaohua Liu, Jun Yang","doi":"10.1115/1.4064386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064386","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the lengthy certification process for newly designed turbine blades, product upgrading of industrial gas turbine units is often performed solely on compressor and combustor. Since their inlet conditions are significantly changed, the entire four-stage turbine operates far away from its original design point, leading to decreased efficiency and increased flutter risk. This investigation firstly performs numerical simulations to study the flow field change of the last-stage turbine in a gas turbine before and after product upgrading. To reduce the load of the last-stage turbine without reducing the power output of the whole turbine, the enthalpy drops of turbine is reallocated to the front three stages. After modifying the blade profile based on S1 stream surface analysis, a CFD simulation is carried out on the modified three-dimensional blade passage. It is shown that the modified blade design greatly reduces the Mach number at the tip outlet of the last-stage blade, thus possibly reducing flutter risk and improving the aerodynamic efficiency of the turbine. This paper also attempts to redesign the blade geometry by different radial blade stacking of both forward sweep and backward sweep. It is found that the backward-swept blade modification can effectively reduce the endwall flow loss. This work presents the improvements of the aerodynamic efficiency of last-stage through a series of improvement methods and provides a reference for future detailed optimization of this last-stage turbine.","PeriodicalId":504378,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139143570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flow Control Over a Finite Wall-Mounted Square Cylinder by Using Multiple Plasma Actuators","authors":"M. Yousif, Yifan Yang, Haifeng Zhou, Arash Mohammadikarachi, Linqi Yu, Meng-Tao Zhang, Heechang Lim","doi":"10.1115/1.4064387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064387","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of plasma actuators in controlling the flow around a finite wall-mounted square cylinder (FWMSC) with a longitudinal aspect ratio of 4. The test is conducted in a small-scale closed return-type wind tunnel. The Reynolds number of the experiments, Red is 500 based on the width of the bluff body and the freestream velocity. The plasma actuators are installed on the top surface and the rear surface of the square cylinder. The induced flow velocities of the plasma actuators are modulated by adjusting the operating voltage and frequency of the high voltage generator. In this work, particle image velocimetry (PIV) is used to obtain the velocity fields. Furthermore, force calculations are conducted to investigate the effect of using plasma actuators with different driving voltages on the drag force. Our results show that the plasma actuators can successfully suppress flow separation and reduce the turbulent kinetic energy in the wake. A correlation between the drag coefficient and the operating voltage of the power generator is also revealed and the mean drag coefficient is found to decrease with increasing imposing voltage. The plasma actuators can enhance the momentum exchange and the interactive behavior between the shear layer and the flow separation region, resulting in flow reattachment at the free end and shrinkage of the recirculation zone in the near-wake region of the bluff body. Overall, the present study demonstrates the practical effectiveness of using plasma actuators for flow control around FWMSC.","PeriodicalId":504378,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","volume":"163 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139145774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Yang, Yonghuan Chen, L. Bai, Hui Wang, Leilei Ji, Ling Zhou
{"title":"Energy Performance Prediction Model for Mixed-Flow Pumps by Considering the Effect of Incoming Pre-Rotation","authors":"Yang Yang, Yonghuan Chen, L. Bai, Hui Wang, Leilei Ji, Ling Zhou","doi":"10.1115/1.4064388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064388","url":null,"abstract":"Mixed-flow pump is one of the most broadly applied sorts of power equipment in the field of petrochemical and water conservancy. The effects of inlet pre-rotation on the energy characteristics and operational stability of a pump is a significant consideration. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between inlet pre-rotation and the total energy consumption of a mixed flow pump by developing a predictive model. The impact of pre-rotation on the pumping performance and energy conversion for a typical mixed-flow pump has been investigated by a combined approach of theoretical derivation, numerical simulation and experimental verification. Validation of the numerical methods was achieved by comparing the results to the experimentally obtained data. A prediction model was developed for head and power, which incorporated inlet pre-rotation. Moreover, the effects of pre-rotation on the flow structure of the mixed-flow pump was analyzed. It was found that pre-rotation led to an increase in the incoming flow angle, resulting in unstable flow patterns causing secondary flows and low-pressure vortex in the impeller flow path. This induced a rise in energy consumption of the impeller. The prediction model and analysis of the internal flow structure provide a theoretical foundation for predicting the hydraulic performances of mixed-flow pumps under pre-rotation conditions and improving their stability of operation.","PeriodicalId":504378,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139144473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aerodynamic Analysis of Low-Pressure Axial Fans Installed in Parallel","authors":"Debarshee Ghosh, Niklas Andersson, Sassan Etemad","doi":"10.1115/1.4064292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064292","url":null,"abstract":"Ducted rotor-only low-pressure axial fans play an integral role in automotive thermal management. The tightly packed under-hood region and downstream heat-exchanger shape limit the fan diameter. In order to circumvent this limitation, multiple cooling fans of small diameters are tightly packaged and placed in parallel. Currently, there is limited scientific work, which study the aerodynamics of low-pressure axial fans when installed in parallel. This work aims to quantify the aerodynamic performance and the flow-field as a result of installing low-pressure axial fans in parallel through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Publicly available experimental data from Friedrich-Alexander University, is used for the validation of the numerical setup. Three-dimensional, full-annulus, Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (URANS) analysis has been performed for both a single-fan and two-fans installed in parallel and their respective aerodynamic performance has been compared for the operation condition identified as the best efficiency point in experiments. Only small-differences are observed in the overall aerodynamic performance of the two-fans in parallel compared to a single-fan. A circumferential non-uniformity in the form of a local high-pressure zone at the inlet of the fan is observed, when the two-fans are placed in parallel. The resulting circumferential non-uniformity is quantified, both in space and time. A strong correlation is found between the pressure fields of the two-fans installed in parallel.","PeriodicalId":504378,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","volume":"102 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical Investigations of Turbulent Flow Through A 90-Degree Pipe Bend And Honeycomb Straightener","authors":"Agata Patrycja Jurga, M. Janocha, M. Ong, G. Yin","doi":"10.1115/1.4064101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064101","url":null,"abstract":"Pipe bends are commonly used in piping systems in offshore and subsea installations. The present study explores the design considerations for the honeycomb straightener inserted downstream of a 90-degree pipe bend. The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the honeycomb in suppressing the flow swirling for different distances from the bend outlet (Lb) and different values of the honeycomb thickness (t). The turbulent flow through the 90-degree circular pipe bend with the honeycomb straightener is investigated by carrying out numerical simulations using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence modeling approach. The Explicit Algebraic Reynolds Stress Model (EARSM) is adopted to resolve the Reynolds stresses. The honeycomb thickness to pipe diameter ratio (t/D) is varied between 0.1 and 1. The normalized distance from the bend outlet to the honeycomb straightener (Lb/D) is varied between 1 and 5. The disturbance in the velocity field is generated by the pipe bend with the curvature radius to pipe diameter ratio (Rc/D) of 2 and Reynolds number (Re) of 2×105. It is found that both the increase in Lb/D and t/D improves the performance of the device in removing the swirl behind the bend outlet. The best performance is observed for the honeycomb straightener with the distance Lb/D=5 and thickness t/D=0.5.","PeriodicalId":504378,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fluids Engineering","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139258645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}