Forest Systems最新文献

{"title":"Sustainable harvests of edible forest mushrooms: perspectives and paradigms in the Anthropocene","authors":"D. Pilz","doi":"10.5424/fs/2022312-19352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/fs/2022312-19352","url":null,"abstract":"The process of ensuring the sustainable harvest of edible forest mushrooms is described as a subset or example of the type of perspectives and paradigms that are needed for humanity to restore our home planet and live harmoniously with its biomes.","PeriodicalId":50434,"journal":{"name":"Forest Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45123589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetation patches in semiabandoned olive groves: using generalised linear mixed models to determine the effect of area on community composition of woody plants","authors":"Francisco Navarro-Rosales, M. Bell","doi":"10.5424/fs/2022312-18779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/fs/2022312-18779","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: The existence of distinct vegetation habitats within semiabandoned olive groves provides a unique chance to study the plant community within semiabandoned Mediterranean landscapes. We investigated changes in community composition of woody plants across a gradient of patch sizes by providing an example of a novel statistical technique. We also aimed to determine if commonness, life form and dispersal mechanisms of woody plants are key factors influencing species presence at vegetation patches of different sizes. \u0000Area of study: Three traditional, partially managed mountain olive groves (La Soledad, Las Niñas and Piquín) were selected within Sierra Morena de Córdoba, in Central Southern Spain. \u0000Material and methods: The woody vegetation within patches at the three groves was sampled in July 2020 following a stratified random approach. All woody plants were identified and recorded. Variation in community composition across patch area was examined using generalised linear mixed models (GLMMs) with a binomial distribution. \u0000Main results: There were significant changes in the community composition of woody plants as patch area increased. There was turnover of species with increasing area, characterised by the gain of species. This was observed both as a general and site-specific trend. Patterns in presence across area showed clear among species variation. Including dispersal strategies and life form variables improved model fit, revealing these are important factors influencing the community composition within the patches. \u0000Research highlights: The GLMM analysis demonstrated that patches of larger areas support higher richness without incurring in any loss of species. Thus, maintaining large patches is important for woody plant conservation within semi-abandoned groves.","PeriodicalId":50434,"journal":{"name":"Forest Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48398570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short communication: Variation of deadwood density by decay class in Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco) stands in Italy","authors":"Alessandro Casagli, I. De Meo, Andrea Alfano, C. Becagli, Alessandro Orlandini, A. Paletto","doi":"10.5424/fs/2022312-19186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/fs/2022312-19186","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study: To estimate fresh and basic density values of Douglas fir deadwood for the five decay classes used in the National Forest Inventories (NFIs). \u0000Area of study: Rincine forest in Tuscany region (Italy). \u0000Material and methods: 140 samples of Douglas fir deadwood (28 for each decay class; 14 of which were collected in summer and 14 in winter) were collected and analysed in the laboratory. The samples were weighed fresh, then placed in the oven for 3 days at 60°C. Afterwards the samples were weighed dried. The laboratory data were used to estimate moisture content (%), fresh and basic density by decay class. \u0000Main results: The results showed that the trend of basal density decreased from 1st to 5th decay class (0.43 g cm-3, 0.39 g cm-3, 0.37 g cm-3, 0.29 g cm-3 and 0.20 g cm-3). An average basic density of 0.34 g cm-3 could be used in future studies concerning the estimation of C-stock in Douglas fir deadwood. \u0000Research highlights: The moisture content of all decay classes of lying deadwood is influenced by the season (winter vs. summer) and consistent with the local climate regime.","PeriodicalId":50434,"journal":{"name":"Forest Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41724667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wild mushroom potential in Ethiopia: An analysis based on supplier and consumer preferences","authors":"D. Agúndez, W. Tadesse, T. Dejene, P. Martín-Pinto, M. Soliño","doi":"10.5424/fs/2022312-18934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/fs/2022312-18934","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To elicit the preferences of the mushroom producers in rural areas and of the urban consumers in supermarkets. This allowed us to obtain key information to develop sustainable management and conservation plans in participation with local communities and to contribute assessing the potential economic value of wild mushroom resources. \u0000Area of study: Rural areas in the Amhara and Sidama regional states of Ethiopia, and in the capital, Addis Ababa. \u0000Material and methods: A choice experiment following a D-0 design was performed to determine the preferences of the two main stakeholders: mushroom producers in rural areas and urban consumers in Addis Ababa supermarkets. Data were analyzed using a random parameters model. Willingness to pay (demand side) and willingness to accept (supply side) were calculated for different attributes. \u0000Main results: The farmers are willing to be involved as a key participant in sustainable programs if they are compensated for their work in cash by long contracts; they prefer that the collection site is not very far their homes and to collect mushrooms in groups. If more time is spent walking from their homes to the forest, the compensation should increase. Urban consumers want to buy and pay for Ethiopian wild mushrooms and are interested in the sustainable production of mushrooms. \u0000Research highlights: The farmers and consumers surveyed in this study recognized the potential of valuing mushroom resources as a potential way of conserving the forests where the mushrooms grow.","PeriodicalId":50434,"journal":{"name":"Forest Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43572464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a megafire on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community and parameters in the Brazilian Cerrado ecosystem","authors":"J. B. Moura, R. Souza, Wagner G. Vieira-Júnior, L. S. Lucas, J. M. Santos, Sandro Dutra e Silva, C. Marín","doi":"10.5424/fs/2022311-18557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/fs/2022311-18557","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study: To evaluate the effects of a mega-fire on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) community and parameters in soils under Cerrado vegetation. Study area: Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, Goiás, Brazil. This site suffered the biggest fire in its history on October 10, 2017, with an affected area of 66,000 ha. Material and methods: We analyzed AMF spore density, roots’ mycorrhizal colonization rate, easily extractable glomalin (EEG), as well as the AMF genera present. These parameters were evaluated in burned and unburned areas of five common phytophysiognomies of the region. Main results: Fire presence immediately influenced the mycorrhizal community parameters in Cerrado soils, which tended to increase afterwards. The presence of AMF genera did not differ between burned and unburned areas, with Acaulospora, Claroideglomus, Diversispora, Glomus, Funneliformis, Sclerocystis, and Gigaspora being present. The recovery of AMF community conditions in the Cerrado after fire events could also be observed in the mycorrhizal parameters evaluated, as the values of spore density, roots’ mycorrhizal colonization rate, and EEG were similar in the burned and unburned areas. Research highlights: AMF diversity, and especially their community parameters, show great recovery after fire events, since they are crucial in processes like nutrient cycling and soil aggregation.","PeriodicalId":50434,"journal":{"name":"Forest Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48099962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree species with potential for reforestation in coastal zones of the humid tropics","authors":"G. Vargas-Simón, M. Domínguez-Domínguez, Valentín Pando-Fernández, P. Martínez‐Zurimendi","doi":"10.5424/fs/2022311-18291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/fs/2022311-18291","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: The native species of warm humid climates Ceiba pentandra, Tabebuia rosea, Gliricidia sepium, Enterolobium cyclocarpum and Brosimum alicastrum are often included in Mexican reforestation programs. We evaluated the growth response in sandy soils of these species that could serve as pioneers in the restoration of coastal areas. Area of study: Alluvial plain in Frontera, Tabasco, Mexico. Material and methods: A total of 1080 plants were planted in 2014 and evaluated for 23 months in 30 plots under a randomized block design with six replications. The sample plots each occupied 36 m2 (each with 16 plants). Survival percentage, stem height (SH), basal diameter (BD) and basal area (BA) were quantified. Survival and growth variables were analyzed using logistic regression and ANOVA for repeated measures, respectively. Main results: At the end of the experiment (2016), high survival was demonstrated in G. sepium (88 %) and in C. pentandra (86 %), while B. alicastrum presented total mortality at six months. The highest values of SH and BD were presented in C. pentandra (2.9 m and 7.8 cm, respectively) and in G. sepium (2.6 m and 4.2 cm, respectively). Gliricidia sepium differed significantly from C. pentandra in terms of BA (5.9 vs. 23 m2 ha-1, respectively). Research highlights: The native species C. pentandra and G. sepium presented high survival and growth in the sandy soils; G. sepium showed strong adaptation to the environment and C. pentandra offered suitable coverage, characteristics that are necessary for the success of reforestation and restoration programs.","PeriodicalId":50434,"journal":{"name":"Forest Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47151296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic and environmental assessment of a multifunctional poplar plantation for roundwood and wood chip production in Spain","authors":"R. Laina, Sara J. Herrero, B. Corona, E. Tolosana, M. T. de la Fuente, G. San Miguel","doi":"10.5424/fs/2022311-18485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/fs/2022311-18485","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To analyze the environmental and economic performance of a multifunctional poplar plantation (MPP), which was managed to produce timber for sawn wood and chips for bioenergy. Area of study: The plantation was located in Southern Spain producing roundwood and woodchips (from tops and branches). Material and methods: The life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology was chosen to perform the environmental impact assessment from a cradle-to-gate perspective. Capital goods, including machinery-manufacturing processes, were included. One oven dry tonne (odt) of forest biomass was chosen as functional unit. The economic analysis was performed using present costs and common indicators: net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR). Main results: The harvest operations are the most environmental impacting subsystem and cultivation the costliest. Chipping was the process contributing the most to the environmental burden. The use of fertilizers, within the cultivation subsystem, had a notable impact on certain midpoint categories. In terms of climate change potential, 1 odt of delivered wood chips generated 64.1 kg CO2-eq. When considering the whole system (including the roundwood fraction), this value was 45.2 kg CO2-eq odt-1. MPP was hardly profitable with land rental and irrigation being the most expensive items. NPV, including harvesting and transport subsystems, was 1,582 € ha-1, while IRR reached 6.3%. Research highlights: Our results allow to identify the costliest operations and those with the greatest impact to improve the system. Finally, these figures can be compared with other crop alternatives such us poplar short rotation coppice (SRC).","PeriodicalId":50434,"journal":{"name":"Forest Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46604335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of stand characteristics on soil organic carbon content in spruce and deciduous stands","authors":"Petra Hanakova-Becvarova, M. Horváth, B. Šarapatka, V. Zouhar","doi":"10.5424/fs/2022311-18824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/fs/2022311-18824","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To determine the effects of stand characteristics, which closely relate to forest management practices, on the soil organic carbon (SOC) content in the organic (O) and surface mineral (A) soil horizons in spruce and deciduous stands, and to show SOC dynamics during the life of production stands. \u0000Area of study: Spruce and deciduous stands located throughout the Czech Republic. \u0000Material and methods: The effects of age, density of stocking and canopy of stand on SOC content in the O and A horizons, and the difference between categories of variables and the trends of SOC were evaluated in spruce and deciduous stands (401 plots) at lower and middle elevations. \u0000Main results: SOC content changed during the life of stands. In spruce stands, a decreasing trend of SOC with stand age was found in the A horizon. In deciduous stands, SOC content was higher overall in the A horizon, fluctuating slightly with stand age, but more balanced during the life of stands. Based on the results, in terms of management of dying spruce stands and carbon sequestration, felling should be carried out in the age group of 81-120 years in spruce stands, whereas in deciduous stands felling should take place in older stands (141 years and more). Density of stocking and canopy of stand had no substantial effect of SOC content. \u0000Research highlights: Deciduous stands have the potential to replace dying spruce stands at lower elevation in terms of carbon sequestration.","PeriodicalId":50434,"journal":{"name":"Forest Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44518311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new approach to assessing competition from trees on Nelder wheels","authors":"Franciele Alba, Sylvio Péllico, A. Behling, Ataídes Marinheski-Filho, Cláudio Cerqueira","doi":"10.5424/fs/2022311-17913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/fs/2022311-17913","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study: To develop an index to describe the competition of trees of Eucalyptus spp. clones in different densities; also, to evaluate the productivity of the clones on Nelder wheels (NWs). \u0000Area of study: Ten Eucalyptus spp. clones distributed in nine NWs, located in the northern state of Tocantins, Brazil. \u0000Material and methods: A new competition index was formulated as the ratio of geometric areas and average cross-sectional areas of sampling units from different locations on the NW referenced to a unit taken in the center of it. Besides, two distance-dependent indices were tested to evaluate their performance in different spacings. The correlation between the competition indices and the variables height, diameter, volume and cross-sectional area, average distance and mortality percentage was evaluated. To check the difference in productivity between the clones we used MANOVA and discriminant analysis. \u0000Main results: The Alba-Péllico index provides a better understanding of the competitive relationship between trees, as well as a better explanation of the competitive process in the NWs than the other indices evaluated. The variation in the basal area between the clones in the less dense locations, substantiates the characteristics of each clone or possible interferences of the location since in this condition they are free from the influence of spacing and competition. This shows that competition is more influential than other characteristics of sites and genotypes in the behavior in diameter, basal area and volume in the densest sites. \u0000Research highlights: The characteristics of the Alba-Péllico index indicate good interpretation to understand the competitive relationship among trees since the results vary between 0 and 1, and the closer to zero the smaller or non-existence of competition.","PeriodicalId":50434,"journal":{"name":"Forest Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46758887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study case on polycyclic plantations (PP) as innovative models for sustainable combined production of noble hardwood and biomass","authors":"M. Plutino, S. Bergante, G. Facciotto, Angelo Vitone, E. Bianchetto, D. Sansone, M. Manetti, P. Chiarabaglio, C. Bidini, F. Pelleri","doi":"10.5424/fs/2022311-18200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5424/fs/2022311-18200","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: To verify the short rotation coppices (SRC) aboveground biomass production; to define the best planting intra-row spacing for walnut and poplar growth and wood production, with the last goal to assess the possibility of obtaining competitive yields in comparison to those produced by traditional monocultures. \u0000Area of study: Po Valley, municipality of Meleti (Northern Italy). \u0000Material and methods: A randomized block design with three replications was applied for the experimental design. The growth-monitoring activities started in 2009 and have continued for 5 years on the SRC, 10 years on poplar clone ‘I-214’, whereas on common walnut they are still going on but only data concerning the twelfth year are reported in this work. The normality of distribution was evaluated for growth and yield data of species in the SRC model; all data were analysed with ANOVA; growth data were included in a linear mixed model analysis to evaluate the effect of age, spacing and their interaction, and the effect of SRC rows on growth and yield of poplar and walnut. \u0000Main results: After 5 years of cultivation under SRC system, biomass yields obtained from the poplar clone ‘AF2’ were 39.9 Mg ha-1, from the elm 31.9 Mg ha-1 and from the plane 14.8 Mg ha-1. After 10 years high timber production was obtained from poplar clone ‘I-214’ (average volume 98.2 m3 ha-1). After 12 years, walnut trees reached a diameter at breast height (DBH) of 17.8±0.2, 18.9±0.2 and 18.7±0.3 cm, respectively, for planting distances of 6, 7 and 8 m, and showed diameter increments of 1.5-2.0 cm yr-1. With these growth rates, walnut can reach a merchantable dimension within 25-30-years. \u0000Research highlights: Polycyclic wood plantations are a recent arboriculture model able to produce, on the same site, different assortments using various crop trees characterized by different growth rates and turnovers. This new type of mixed plantation is more environmentally sustainable compared to monoculture and allows diversification of production, obtaining continuous wood yields over the years (5, 10, 20, 30 years).","PeriodicalId":50434,"journal":{"name":"Forest Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42394496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}