Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition最新文献_第5页

Yesterday is history, tomorrow is a mystery: An eye-tracking investigation of the processing of past and future time reference during sentence reading. 昨天已成历史，明天仍是个谜:句子阅读过程中过去和将来时间参照加工的眼动研究。

IF 2.6

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Epub Date: 2021-08-23 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001053

Nicoletta Biondo, Marielena Soilemezidi, Simona Mancini

{"title":"Yesterday is history, tomorrow is a mystery: An eye-tracking investigation of the processing of past and future time reference during sentence reading.","authors":"Nicoletta Biondo, Marielena Soilemezidi, Simona Mancini","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001053","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to think about nonpresent time is a crucial aspect of human cognition. Both the past and future imply a temporal displacement of an event outside the \"now.\" They also intrinsically differ: The past refers to inalterable events; the future to alterable events, to possible worlds. Are the past and future processed similarly or differently? In this study, we addressed this question by investigating how Spanish speakers process past/future time reference violations during sentence processing, while recording eye movements. We also investigated the role of verbs (in isolation; within sentences) and adverbs (deictic; nondeictic) during time processing. Existing accounts propose that past processing, which requires a link to discourse, is more complex than future processing, which-like the present-is locally bound. Our findings show that past and future processing differs, especially at early stages of verb processing, but this difference is not limited to the presence/absence of discourse linking. We found earlier mismatch effects for past compared to future time reference in incongruous sentences, in line with previous studies. Interestingly, it took longer to categorize the past than the future tense when verbs were presented in isolation. However, it took longer to categorize the future than the past when verbs were presented in congruous sentences, arguably because the future implies alterable worlds. Finally, temporal adverbs were found to play an important role in reinspection and reanalysis triggered by the presence of undefined time frames (nondeictic adverbs) or incongruences (mismatching verbs). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":504300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1001-1018"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39335856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Spatial gist extraction during human memory consolidation. 人类记忆巩固过程中的空间要点提取。

IF 2.6

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Epub Date: 2021-07-29 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000894

James W Antony, Caroline A Stiver, Kathryn N Graves, Jarryd Osborne, Nicholas B Turk-Browne, Kelly A Bennion

{"title":"Spatial gist extraction during human memory consolidation.","authors":"James W Antony, Caroline A Stiver, Kathryn N Graves, Jarryd Osborne, Nicholas B Turk-Browne, Kelly A Bennion","doi":"10.1037/xlm0000894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000894","url":null,"abstract":"Theories of memory consolidation suggest that initially rich, vivid memories become more gist-like over time. However, it is unclear whether gist-like representations reflect a loss of detail through degradation or the blending of experiences into statistical averages, and whether the strength of these representations increases, decreases, or remains stable over time. We report three behavioral experiments that address these questions by examining distributional learning during spatial navigation. In Experiment 1, human subjects navigated a virtual maze to find hidden objects with locations varying according to spatial distributions. After 15 minutes, 1 day, 7 days, or 28 days, we tested their navigation performance and explicit memory. In Experiment 2, we created spatial distributions with no object at their mean locations, thereby disentangling learned object exemplars from statistical averages. In Experiment 3, we created only a single, bimodal distribution to avoid possible confusion between distributions and administered tests after 15 minutes or 28 days. Across all experiments, and for both navigation and explicit tests, representations of the spatial distributions were present soon after exposure, but then receded over time. These findings suggest gist-like representations do not improve over time, helping to clarify the temporal dynamics of consolidation in human learning and memory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":504300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"929-941"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39256859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Delaying metamemory judgments corrects the expectancy illusion in source monitoring: The role of fluency and belief. 延迟元记忆判断纠正源监测中的期望错觉:流畅性和信念的作用。

IF 2.6

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001088

Marie Luisa Schaper, Ute J Bayen, Carolin V Hey

{"title":"Delaying metamemory judgments corrects the expectancy illusion in source monitoring: The role of fluency and belief.","authors":"Marie Luisa Schaper, Ute J Bayen, Carolin V Hey","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001088","url":null,"abstract":"In schema-based source monitoring, people mistakenly predict better source memory for expected sources (e.g., oven in the kitchen; expectancy effect), whereas actual source memory is better for unexpected sources (e.g., hairdryer in the kitchen; inconsistency effect; Schaper et al., 2019b). In three source-monitoring experiments, the authors tested whether a delay between study and metamemory judgments remedied this metamemory expectancy illusion. Further, the authors tested whether delayed judgments were based on in-the-moment experiences of retrieval fluency or updating of belief due to experiences with one's source memory. Participants studied source-item pairs and provided metamemory judgments either at study or after delay. After delay, they made judgments either on the complete source-item pair (eliciting no source retrieval, Experiment 1) or on the item only (eliciting covert, Experiment 1, or overt source retrieval, Experiments 2 and 3). Metamemory judgments at study showed the established illusory expectancy effect, as did delayed judgments when no source retrieval was elicited. However, when participants retrieved the source prior to delayed judgments, they predicted an inconsistency effect on source memory, which concurred with actual memory. Thus, delaying judgments remedied the metamemory expectancy illusion. Results further indicate that in-the-moment experiences of retrieval fluency and updated general belief about the effect of expectancy on source memory jointly contributed to this remedial effect. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":504300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"975-1000"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39583222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

A multilingual preregistered replication of the semantic mismatch effect on serial recall. 语义错配效应在序列回忆中的多语言预登记复制。

IF 2.6

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001066

Jan Philipp Röer, Raoul Bell, Axel Buchner, Jean Saint-Aubin, René-Pierre Sonier, John E Marsh, Stuart B Moore, Matthew B A Kershaw, Robert Ljung, Sebastian Arnström

{"title":"A multilingual preregistered replication of the semantic mismatch effect on serial recall.","authors":"Jan Philipp Röer, Raoul Bell, Axel Buchner, Jean Saint-Aubin, René-Pierre Sonier, John E Marsh, Stuart B Moore, Matthew B A Kershaw, Robert Ljung, Sebastian Arnström","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001066","url":null,"abstract":"Visual-verbal serial recall is disrupted when task-irrelevant background speech has to be ignored. Contrary to previous suggestion, it has recently been shown that the magnitude of disruption may be accentuated by the semantic properties of the irrelevant speech. Sentences ending with unexpected words that did not match the preceding semantic context were more disruptive than sentences ending with expected words. This particular instantiation of a deviation effect has been termed the semantic mismatch effect. To establish a new phenomenon, it is necessary to show that the effect can be independently replicated and does not depend on specific boundary conditions such as the language of the stimulus material. Here we report a preregistered replication of the semantic mismatch effect in which we examined the effect of unexpected words in 4 different languages (English, French, German, and Swedish) across 4 different laboratories. Participants performed a serial recall task while ignoring sentences with expected or unexpected words that were recorded using text-to-speech software. Independent of language, sentences ending with unexpected words were more disruptive than sentences ending with expected words. In line with previous results, there was no evidence of habituation of the semantic mismatch effect in the form of a decrease in disruption with repeated exposure to the occurrence of unexpected words. The successful replication and extension of the effect to different languages indicates the expression of a general and robust mechanism that reacts to violations of expectancies based on the semantic content of the irrelevant speech. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":504300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"966-974"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39516570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Diverting the focus of attention in working memory through a perceptual task. 通过知觉任务转移工作记忆中的注意力焦点。

IF 2.6

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Epub Date: 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001112

Zaifeng Gao, Jiaofeng Li, Jinglan Wu, Alessandro Dai, Huayu Liao, Mowei Shen

{"title":"Diverting the focus of attention in working memory through a perceptual task.","authors":"Zaifeng Gao, Jiaofeng Li, Jinglan Wu, Alessandro Dai, Huayu Liao, Mowei Shen","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001112","url":null,"abstract":"Working memory (WM) has a limited capacity; however, this limitation can be mitigated by selecting individual items from the set currently held in WM for prioritization. The selection mechanism underlying this prioritization ability is referred to as the focus of attention (FOA) in WM. Although impressive progress has been achieved in recent years, a fundamental question remains unclear: Do perception and WM share one FOA? In the current study, we investigated the hypothesis that only a perceptual task tapping object-based attention can divert the FOA in WM. We adopted a retro-cue WM paradigm and inserted a perceptual task after the offset of the cue. Critically, we manipulated the type of attention (object-based attention in Experiments 1-3, feature-based attention in Experiment 4, and spatial attention in Experiment 5) consumed by the perceptual task. We found that participants were able to prioritize a retro-cued representation in WM, and the retro-cue benefit on memory accuracy was intact regardless of the perceptual task. Critically, the retro-cue benefit on the response time of WM task was significantly reduced only after an object-based attention perceptual task (Experiments 1, 2, 3a, and 3b), while remaining constant after a feature-based attention (Experiment 4) or spatial attention (Experiment 5) perceptual task. These results suggest that WM and perception share an object-based FOA, and an object-based attention perceptual task can divert the FOA in WM. Meanwhile, the current study further confirms that sustained attention is not necessary for selective maintenance in WM. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":504300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"876-905"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39964100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Maintenance cost in the processing of subject-verb dependencies. 主谓依存关系处理中的维护成本。

IF 2.6

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Epub Date: 2021-02-04 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000863

Bojana Ristic, Simona Mancini, Nicola Molinaro, Adrian Staub

{"title":"Maintenance cost in the processing of subject-verb dependencies.","authors":"Bojana Ristic, Simona Mancini, Nicola Molinaro, Adrian Staub","doi":"10.1037/xlm0000863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000863","url":null,"abstract":"Although research in sentence comprehension has suggested that processing long-distance dependencies involves maintenance between the elements that form the dependency, studies on maintenance of long-distance subject-verb (SV) dependencies are scarce. The few relevant studies have delivered mixed results using self-paced reading or phoneme-monitoring tasks. In the current study, we used eye tracking during reading to test whether maintaining a long-distance SV dependency results in a processing cost on an intervening adverbial clause. In Experiment 1, we studied this question in Spanish and found that both go-past reading times and regressions out of an adverbial clause to the previous regions were significantly increased when the clause interrupts a SV dependency compared to when the same clause doesn't interrupt this dependency. We then replicated these findings in English (Experiment 2), observing significantly increased go-past reading times on a clause interrupting a SV dependency. The current study provides the first eye-tracking data showing a maintenance cost in the processing of SV dependencies cross-linguistically. Sentence comprehension models should account for the maintenance cost generated by SV dependency processing, and future research should focus on the nature of the maintained representation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":504300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"829-838"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25331848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Bilingualism and executive attention: Evidence from studies of proactive and reactive control. 双语与执行注意力:来自主动控制和反应控制研究的证据。

IF 2.6

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Epub Date: 2021-11-29 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001095

Giacomo Spinelli, Samantha F Goldsmith, Stephen J Lupker, J Bruce Morton

{"title":"Bilingualism and executive attention: Evidence from studies of proactive and reactive control.","authors":"Giacomo Spinelli, Samantha F Goldsmith, Stephen J Lupker, J Bruce Morton","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001095","url":null,"abstract":"According to some accounts, the bilingual advantage is most pronounced in the domain of executive attention rather than inhibition and should therefore be more easily detected in conflict adaptation paradigms than in simple interference paradigms. We tested this idea using two conflict adaptation paradigms, one that elicits a list-wide proportion-congruent effect and one that elicits an item-specific proportion-congruent effect. In both cases, the relevant finding is that congruency effects are reduced when the proportion of congruent to incongruent items is smaller. These effects are validated measures of proactive and reactive control, respectively, and are aspects of executive attention known to be associated with individual differences in working memory capacity. We reasoned that if bilingualism affects executive attention in a similar way as does working memory capacity, indices of proactive and reactive control should be comparably associated with continuous variation in language status and working memory capacity. In two experiments, we replicated previous findings that working memory capacity is associated with variation in congruency effects (suggesting greater reliance on proactive control). In contrast, language status had no consistent association with performance, save for a hint that bilingualism may be associated with greater reliance on reactive control. Thus, the bilingual advantage may exist, but not in proactive control or any other aspects of executive attention that have been proposed thus far. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":504300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"906-927"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39675701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Developing global spatial memories by one-shot across-boundary navigation. 通过一次跨界导航发展全局空间记忆。

IF 2.6

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001083

Xuehui Lei, Weimin Mou

{"title":"Developing global spatial memories by one-shot across-boundary navigation.","authors":"Xuehui Lei, Weimin Mou","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001083","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated to what extent people can develop global spatial representations of a multiroom environment through one-shot physical walking between rooms. In Experiment 1, the participants learned objects' locations in one room of an immersive virtual environment. They were blindfolded and led to walk to a testing position either within the same room (within-boundary) or in an adjacent novel room (across-boundary). They conducted judgments of relative direction (JRD) based on the remembered locations of objects. The participants' actual perspectives and imagined perspectives of JRD trials were manipulated to be aligned or misaligned (i.e., faced the same or opposite cardinal directions). The results showed better JRD performances for the aligned perspectives than the misaligned perspectives in the across-boundary condition; this global sensorimotor alignment effect was comparable with the effect in the within-boundary condition. Experiments 2-6 further examined global sensorimotor alignment effects after across-boundary walking. Experiments 2-3 manipulated factors related to encoding global relations (i.e., explicit instructions to attend to walking and keep track of spatial relations, and visual cues for navigational affordance to another space). Experiments 4-6 manipulated factors related to retrieving global relations in JRD (i.e., learning orientation as one imagined perspective, learning position and orientation as the imagined viewpoint, and the number of imagined perspectives). The results showed robust global sensorimotor alignment effects in all experiments, indicating that the participants updated actual headings relative to remembered objects in the other room. Global spatial updating might be the primary mechanism for developing global spatial representations of a multiscale environment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":504300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"798-812"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39671566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A laboratory study of naturalistic second language learning: Acquiring grammatical gender from simple dialogue. 自然主义第二语言学习的实验室研究:从简单对话中习得语法性别。

IF 2.6

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-05-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001068

Annika C Brandt, Herbert Schriefers, Kristin Lemhöfer

{"title":"A laboratory study of naturalistic second language learning: Acquiring grammatical gender from simple dialogue.","authors":"Annika C Brandt, Herbert Schriefers, Kristin Lemhöfer","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001068","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was twofold: first, to develop an experimental technique as a tool to investigate learning outcomes of spontaneous, naturalistic second language (L2) learning under controlled laboratory conditions; and second, to explore how this technique can be used to understand the basic conditions and limits of this learning. Two variants of a dialogue game were tested in which corrective L2 input was provided to the learners, but the learning aspect was camouflaged. Participants were German learners of Dutch who are known to display persistent grammatical gender errors in Dutch owing to incorrect first language (L1)-L2 transfer. In Experiment 1, the participant and a 'virtual partner' (audio-recordings) took turns in describing cards using gender-marked article-noun phrases. However, the majority of the participants became aware of learning articles as goal of the experiment, either because of the way we asked participants about the goal of the experiment or because of the task used. Therefore, we changed both aspects and used a dialogue-memory game in Experiment 2, which indeed led only a minority (28%) to suspect the real goal of the study. In both experiments, participants showed substantial learning of word gender (on average 13.8 percentage points increase in accuracy) after only one instance of correct input. A manipulation of the number of trials (lag) between correct input and production did not affect results. Furthermore, the 72% of 'naïve' participants in Experiment 2 showed as much learning as the full sample. Thus, the new paradigm offers important insights into the determinants of naturalistic learning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":504300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"658-679"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39555018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Overspecification and incremental referential processing: An eye-tracking study. 过度规范与增量参照加工:一项眼动追踪研究。

IF 2.6

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-05-01 Epub Date: 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001015

Kumiko Fukumura, Maria Nella Carminati

{"title":"Overspecification and incremental referential processing: An eye-tracking study.","authors":"Kumiko Fukumura, Maria Nella Carminati","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001015","url":null,"abstract":"Using eye-tracking, we examined whether overspecification hinders or facilitates referent selection and the extent to which this depends on the properties of the attribute mentioned in the referring expressions and the underpinning processing mode. Following spoken instructions, participants selected the referent in a visual display while their eye movements were monitored. The referring expressions were presented either simultaneously with the displays, so the attributes could be incrementally processed in sequence, or before the display presentation, so the attributes could be processed in parallel from the outset of search. Experiment 1 showed that when the attributes were processed incrementally, how quickly an earlier-mentioned attribute discriminated determined whether a late-mentioned, overspecified attribute contributed to discrimination: When color was mentioned first and was fully discriminating, the referent was selected fast regardless of the second-mentioned pattern, whereas when pattern was mentioned first and fully discriminating, the second-mentioned color facilitated discrimination. Experiment 2 found that under incremental processing, color mention after a fully discriminating pattern increased fixations but delayed referent selection relative to a pattern-only description; under parallel processing, however, color mention immediately eliminated alternatives and sped up referent selection. Experiment 3 showed that pattern mention after a fully discriminating color delayed referent selection and tended to reduce fixations relative to a color-only description in both processing modes. Hence, additional attributes can speed up referent selection but only when they can discriminate much faster than alternative attributes mentioned in a more concise description and, critically, when they can be used early for referent search. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":504300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"680-701"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39128040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4