Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition最新文献_第3页

Supplemental Material for The Effect of Multisensory Distraction on Working Memory: A Role for Task Relevance? 多感官分心对工作记忆的影响》补充材料：任务相关性的作用？

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001323.supp

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for Control of Memory Retrieval Alters Memory-Based Eye Movements 控制记忆检索会改变基于记忆的眼动》补充材料

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001321.supp

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for Putting Language Switching in Context: Effects of Sentence Context and Interlocutors on Bilingual Switching 在语境中进行语言转换》的补充材料：句子语境和对话者对双语转换的影响

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001309.supp

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for Adaptive Processing in Word Production: Evidence From Picture–Word Interference Studies 单词生成中的适应性处理》补充材料：图片-文字干扰研究的证据

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001316.supp

引用次数: 0

Bias effects in a two-stage recognition paradigm: A challenge for "pure" threshold and signal detection models. 两阶段识别范式中的偏差效应:对“纯”阈值和信号检测模型的挑战。

IF 2.6

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001107

Qiuli Ma, Jeffrey J Starns, David Kellen

{"title":"Bias effects in a two-stage recognition paradigm: A challenge for \"pure\" threshold and signal detection models.","authors":"Qiuli Ma, Jeffrey J Starns, David Kellen","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001107","url":null,"abstract":"We explored a two-stage recognition memory paradigm in which people first make single-item \"studied\"/\"not studied\" decisions and then have a chance to correct their errors in forced-choice trials. Each forced-choice trial included one studied word (\"target\") and one nonstudied word (\"lure\") that received the same previous single-item response. For example, a studied-studied trial would have a target that was correctly called \"studied\" and a lure that was incorrectly called \"studied.\" The two-high-threshold (2HT) model and the unequal-variance signal detection (UVSD) model predict opposite effects of biasing the initial single-item responses on subsequent forced-choice accuracy. Results from two experiments showed that the bias effect is actually near zero and well out of the range of effects predicted by either model. Follow-up analyses suggested that the model failures were not a function of experiment artifacts like changing memory states between the two types of recognition trials. Follow-up analyses also showed that the dual process signal detection model made better predictions for the forced-choice data than 2HT and UVSD models. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":504300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1484-1506"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39886020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The contribution of visual articulatory gestures and orthography to speech processing: Evidence from novel word learning. 视觉发音手势和正字法对语音处理的贡献:来自新单词学习的证据。

IF 2.6

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2021-08-09 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001036

Chotiga Pattamadilok, Pauline Welby, Michael D Tyler

{"title":"The contribution of visual articulatory gestures and orthography to speech processing: Evidence from novel word learning.","authors":"Chotiga Pattamadilok, Pauline Welby, Michael D Tyler","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001036","url":null,"abstract":"Auditory speech appears to be linked to visual articulatory gestures and orthography through different mechanisms. Yet, both types of visual information have a strong influence on speech processing. The present study directly compared their contributions to speech processing using a novel word learning paradigm. Native speakers of French, who were familiar with English, learned minimal pairs of novel English words containing the English /θ/-/f/ phonemic contrast under one of three exposure conditions: (a) the auditory forms of novel words alone, (b) the auditory forms associated with articulatory gestures, or (c) the auditory forms associated with orthography. The benefits of the three methods were compared during training and at two posttraining time points where the visual cues were no longer available. We also assessed participants' auditory-only discrimination of the /θ/-/f/ contrast pretraining and posttraining. During training, the visual cues facilitated novel word learning beyond the benefit of the auditory input alone. However, these additional benefits did not persist when participants' discrimination and novel word learning performance were assessed immediately after training. Most interestingly, after a night's sleep, participants who were exposed to orthography during training showed significant improvement in both discrimination and novel word learning compared to the previous day. The findings are discussed in terms of online versus residual impacts of articulatory gestures and orthography on speech processing. While both visual cues are beneficial when they are simultaneously presented with speech, only orthography shows residual impacts leading to a sleep-dependent enhancement of lexical knowledge through memory consolidation and retuning of the second language /θ/-/f/ contrast. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":504300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1542-1558"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39294262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Toward a unified theory of rational number arithmetic. 走向有理数算术的统一理论。

IF 2.6

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001073

David W Braithwaite, Lauren Sprague, Robert S Siegler

{"title":"Toward a unified theory of rational number arithmetic.","authors":"David W Braithwaite, Lauren Sprague, Robert S Siegler","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001073","url":null,"abstract":"To explain children's difficulties learning fraction arithmetic, Braithwaite et al. (2017) proposed FARRA, a theory of fraction arithmetic implemented as a computational model. The present study tested predictions of the theory in a new domain, decimal arithmetic, and investigated children's use of conceptual knowledge in that domain. Sixth and eighth grade children (N = 92) solved decimal arithmetic problems while thinking aloud and afterward explained solutions to decimal arithmetic problems. Consistent with the hypothesis that FARRA's theoretical assumptions would generalize to decimal arithmetic, results supported 3 predictions derived from the model: (a) accuracies on different types of problems paralleled the frequencies with which the problem types appeared in textbooks; (b) most errors involved overgeneralization of strategies that would be correct for problems with different operations or types of number; and (c) individual children displayed patterns of strategy use predicted by FARRA. We also hypothesized that during routine calculation, overt reliance on conceptual knowledge is most likely among children who lack confidence in their procedural knowledge. Consistent with this hypothesis, (d) many children displayed conceptual knowledge when explaining solutions but not while solving problems; (e) during problem-solving, children who more often overtly used conceptual knowledge also displayed doubt more often; and (f) problem solving accuracy was positively associated with displaying conceptual knowledge while explaining, but not with displaying conceptual knowledge while solving problems. We discuss implications of the results for rational number instruction and for the creation of a unified theory of rational number arithmetic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":504300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1470-1483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39475069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Impact of memory load on processing diminishes rapidly during retention in a complex span paradigm. 在复杂广度范式中，记忆负荷对加工的影响在保持过程中迅速减弱。

IF 2.6

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2021-09-27 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001061

Tanya N Joseph, Candice C Morey

{"title":"Impact of memory load on processing diminishes rapidly during retention in a complex span paradigm.","authors":"Tanya N Joseph, Candice C Morey","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001061","url":null,"abstract":"Previous work with complex memory span tasks, in which simple choice decisions are imposed between presentations of to-be-remembered items, shows that these secondary tasks reduce memory span. It is less clear how reconfiguring and maintaining various amounts of information affects decision speeds. We introduced preliminary \"lead-in\" decisions and postencoding \"lead-out\" decisions to isolate potential influences of reconfiguration and maintenance on decision speeds. Compared with preliminary lead-in choice responses, the response associated with the first memory item slowed substantially. As the list accumulated, decision responses slowed even more. After presentation of the list was complete, decision responses sped rapidly: within a few seconds, decisions were at least as fast as when remembering a single item. These patterns appeared consistently regardless of differences in list length (4, 5, 6, or 7 to-be-remembered items) and response mode (spoken, selection via mouse). This pattern of findings is inconsistent with the idea that merely holding information in mind conflicts with attention-demanding decision tasks. Instead, it is likely that reconfiguring memory items for responding is the source of conflict between memory and processing in complex span tasks. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":504300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1400-1419"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39477878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Eye movements of children and adults reading in three different orthographies. 儿童和成人用三种不同的正字法阅读时的眼球运动。

IF 2.6

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2021-11-15 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001099

Sascha Schroeder, Tuomo Häikiö, Ascensión Pagán, Jonathan H Dickins, Jukka Hyönä, Simon P Liversedge

{"title":"Eye movements of children and adults reading in three different orthographies.","authors":"Sascha Schroeder, Tuomo Häikiö, Ascensión Pagán, Jonathan H Dickins, Jukka Hyönä, Simon P Liversedge","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001099","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we investigated developmental aspects of eye movements during reading of three languages (English, German, and Finnish) that vary widely in their orthographic complexity and predictability. Grapheme-phoneme correspondence rules are rather complex in English and German but relatively simple in Finnish. Despite their differences in complexity, the rules in German and Finnish are highly predictable, whereas English has many exceptions. Comparing eye movement development in these three languages allows us to investigate whether orthographic complexity and predictability have separate effects on eye movement development. Three groups of children, matched on years of reading instruction, along with a group of proficient adult readers in each language were tested. All participants read stimulus materials that were carefully translated and back-translated across all three languages. The length and frequency of 48 target words were manipulated experimentally within the stimulus set. For children, word length effects were stronger in Finnish and German than in English. In addition, in English effects of word frequency were weaker and only present for short words. Generally, English children showed a qualitatively different reading pattern, while German and Finnish children's reading behavior was rather similar. These results indicate that the predictability of an orthographic system is more important than its complexity for children's reading development. Adults' reading behavior, in contrast, was remarkably similar across languages. Our results demonstrate that eye movements are sensitive to language-specific features in children's reading, but become more homogenous as reading skill matures. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":504300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1518-1541"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39626071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

On the relation between working memory capacity and the antisaccade task. 工作记忆容量与反扫视任务的关系研究。

IF 2.6

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2021-09-13 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001060

Nash Unsworth, Matthew K Robison, Ashley L Miller

{"title":"On the relation between working memory capacity and the antisaccade task.","authors":"Nash Unsworth, Matthew K Robison, Ashley L Miller","doi":"10.1037/xlm0001060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001060","url":null,"abstract":"Eight experiments (N = 2,003) assessed the relation between working memory capacity (WMC) and performance on the antisaccade task. Experiments 1-5 and 7 examined individual differences in aspects of goal management processes occurring during the preparatory delay of the antisaccade task. WMC tended to interact with delay interval suggesting that high WMC individuals better prepared for the upcoming trial by activating the task goal to a higher level than low WMC individuals (although these effects were generally small). Experiments 3a, 4, and 7 further demonstrated that individual differences in the consistency of attention (i.e., lapses of attention) were partially important for the relation between WMC and antisaccade performance. Experiment 5 demonstrated that knowledge of the likelihood of target location increased overall performance, but did not interact with WMC. Experiment 6 manipulated stimulus onset asynchrony and suggested that speed factors are also likely important for the relation between WMC and antisaccade performance. Finally, structural equation models in Experiment 7 suggested that lapses of attention and speed factors partially accounted for the relation between WMC and antisaccade, but WMC still accounted for unique variance in antisaccade. Collectively, the results suggest that multiple factors (goal activation, consistency of attention, and speed factors) contribute to the relation between variation in WMC and performance on the antisaccade task. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":504300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1420-1447"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39411924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0